Published May 2017 | 241 pages | Table of contents
The growing use of polymer composites has resulted in increasing demand for nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and nanocellulose, as companies seek alternatives to carbon fibre and petroleum-based packaging.
The need for continuous improvement in material performance is significant for engineering applications, with research focusing on new advanced materials with increased resistance to damage under operating conditions. This focus is more demanding in the case of structural composite materials, which are increasingly used in aeronautical/aerospace and automotive applications, as well as in civil infrastructure.
Composites incorporating nanomaterial reinforcements, modified interfaces or tailored multi-scale structures often demonstrate much better performance than neat composites. Nanomaterials can significantly alter the polymer properties even at low content (< 5 wt.%). They are utilized as reinforcements in polymers or as coatings enhancing the fibre/polymer interface.
In the automotive and aerospace markets, there is a need to develop multi-functional materials that offer structural enhancement, thermal conductivity and resistance to varied environments. Other markets that are being impacted by nanocomposites include:
- Wind energy.
- Flame retardants.
- Rubber.
- Thermoplastics.
- Elastomers.
- Packaging.
- Cabling.
- Construction and civil engineering.
- Electronics.
- Sporting goods.
- Thermal management.
REPORT CONTENTS INCLUDE:
- Assessment by nanomaterial type, including metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanocellulose, fullerenes, nanoclays, nanodiamonds and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate.
- Forecasts for the nanocomposites market by nanomaterials type, by market and revenues.
- Assessment of market opportunities by nanocomposite applications and markets.
- Market challenges for nanocomposites.
- Profiles of product developers, by market.
- Profiles of over 145 nanocomposites companies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………….. 19
1.1 Aims and objectives of the study……………………………………………………………………………….. 20
1.2 Market definition………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
1.3 Market scope……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21
1.3.1 Markets covered……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
1.3.2 Nanomaterials covered…………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
1.3.3 Properties of nanomaterials………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
1.3.4 Categorization……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………. 24
2.1 Market size………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
2.2 Market rating system………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24
2.2.1 Stage of commercialization…………………………………………………………………………………… 25
2.2.2 Economic impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
2.2.3 Addressable market size……………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.2.4 Competitive landscape………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.2.5 IP landscape………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.2.6 Commercial prospects…………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
2.2.7 Technology drawbacks…………………………………………………………………………………………. 26
2.3 Market challenges rating system……………………………………………………………………………….. 26
2.3.1 Cost……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
2.3.2 Competition from other materials………………………………………………………………………….. 27
2.3.3 Scalability………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27
2.3.4 Industry pull…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
2.3.5 Market push…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
2.3.6 Regulation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
2.3.7 Consumer acceptance………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………… 29
3.1 Market drivers and trends………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
3.1.1 Growing use of polymer composites……………………………………………………………………… 29
3.1.2 Increased need for advanced, protective materials………………………………………………. 29
3.1.3 Improved performance over traditional composites………………………………………………. 29
3.1.4 Multi-functionality…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
3.1.5 Growth in use in the wind energy market………………………………………………………………. 30
3.1.6 Need for new flame retardant materials………………………………………………………………… 31
3.1.7 Environmental impact of carbon fibers………………………………………………………………….. 31
3.1.8 Shortcomings of natural fiber composites and glass fiber reinforced composites… 31
3.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
3.2.1 Polymer composites………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
3.2.2 Thermal management…………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
3.2.3 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding… 35
3.2.4 Rubber and elastomers…………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
3.2.5 Flame retardants……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
3.3 Global market size and opportunity…………………………………………………………………………… 37
3.3.1 Market penetration and demand in tons……………………………………………………………….. 38
3.3.2 Market demand for nanocomposites 2015-2027………………………………………………….. 39
3.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
4 NANOMATERIALS REGULATIONS……………………………………………… 43
4.1 Europe……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
4.1.1 REACH………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
4.1.2 Biocidal Products Regulation………………………………………………………………………………… 44
4.1.3 National nanomaterials registers………………………………………………………………………….. 44
4.1.4 Food safety……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
4.2 United States……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
4.2.1 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)…………………………………………………………………… 46
4.3 Asia……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
4.3.1 Japan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
4.3.2 South Korea…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
4.3.3 Taiwan…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
4.3.4 Australia………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
4.4 Workplace exposure………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
5 NANOMATERIALS UTILIZED IN NANOCOMPOSITES……………….. 49
5.1 ALUMINIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………. 50
5.1.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50
5.1.2 Applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.2 CARBON NANOTUBES…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
5.2.1 Multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT)…………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.2.1.1 Properties……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.2.1.2 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 51
5.2.2 Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT)…………………………………………………………………. 52
5.2.2.1 Properties……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
5.2.2.2 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 53
5.2.3 Carbon Onions………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56
5.2.3.1 Properties……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
5.2.3.2 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 57
5.2.4 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)………………………………………………………………………… 57
5.2.5 Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs)…………………………………………………………………………………… 58
5.3 FULLERENES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
5.3.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
5.3.1.1 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 60
5.4 GRAPHENE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60
5.4.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60
5.4.1.1 Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)…………………………………………………………………… 60
5.4.1.2 Graphene oxide (GO)……………………………………………………………………………………. 60
5.4.1.3 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 62
5.5 NANOCELLULOSE…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 65
5.5.1 NanoFibrillar Cellulose (NFC)………………………………………………………………………………. 65
5.5.1.1 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 66
5.5.2 NanoCrystalline Cellulose (NCC)…………………………………………………………………………. 67
5.5.2.1 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 68
5.5.3 Bacterial Cellulose (BCC)……………………………………………………………………………………… 69
5.5.3.1 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 69
5.6 NANOCLAYS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
5.6.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 71
5.6.2 Applications in nanocomposites……………………………………………………………………………. 74
5.7 NANODIAMONDS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
5.7.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75
5.7.2 Applications in nanocomposites……………………………………………………………………………. 77
5.8 SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES………………………………………………………………………….. 77
5.8.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 77
5.8.2 Applications in nanocomposites……………………………………………………………………………. 78
5.9 NANOPRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE (NPCC)…………………………………………. 78
5.9.1.1 Properties……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
5.9.1.2 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………… 78
6 MARKET FOR NANOCOMPOSITES…………………………………………….. 80
6.1 AEROSPACE AND AVIATION…………………………………………………………………………………… 80
6.1.1 MARKET DRIVERS FOR USE OF NANOCOMPOSITES………………………………………. 80
6.1.1.1 Multi-functionality………………………………………………………………………………………….. 80
6.1.1.2 Safety…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81
6.1.1.3 Reduced fuel consumption and costs…………………………………………………………… 81
6.1.1.4 Increased durability………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
6.1.1.5 Weight reduction…………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
6.1.1.6 Need for improved lightning protection materials…………………………………………. 81
6.1.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 82
6.1.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY……………………………………………………… 84
6.1.5 MARKET CHALLENGES………………………………………………………………………………………. 86
6.1.6 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS…………………………………………………… 87
6.2 AUTOMOTIVE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 89
6.2.1 MARKET DRIVERS FOR THE USE OF NANOCOMPOSITES………………………………. 89
6.2.1.1 Environmental regulations……………………………………………………………………………. 89
6.2.1.2 Lightweighting………………………………………………………………………………………………. 89
6.2.1.3 Increasing use of natural fiber composites……………………………………………………. 90
6.2.1.4 Safety…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
6.2.1.5 Cost……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
6.2.1.6 Need for enhanced conductivity in fuel components……………………………………. 92
6.2.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 92
6.2.2.1 Thermally conductive additives…………………………………………………………………….. 93
6.2.2.2 Tires………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 93
6.2.2.3 Natural fiber composites……………………………………………………………………………….. 94
6.2.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY……………………………………………………… 96
6.2.4 MARKET CHALLENGES………………………………………………………………………………………. 99
6.2.5 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS…………………………………………………. 100
6.3 CONSTRUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 103
6.3.1 MARKET DRIVERS FOR THE USE OF NANOCOMPOSITES……………………………. 103
6.3.1.1 Sustainable construction/green building…………………………………………………….. 103
6.3.1.2 Need for improved insulation……………………………………………………………………… 104
6.3.1.3 Need for advanced materials in the construction industry………………………….. 104
6.3.1.4 Lightweighting…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 105
6.3.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 105
6.3.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………… 107
6.3.4 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS…………………………………………………. 108
6.3.5 MARKET CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………………………….. 110
6.4 PACKAGING……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
6.4.1 MARKET DRIVERS FOR THE USE OF NANOCOMPOSITES……………………………. 111
6.4.1.1 Rise in demand for environmentally sustainable packaging……………………… 111
6.4.1.2 Shortcoming of packaging biopolymers……………………………………………………… 111
6.4.1.3 High demand for packaging films resistant to oxygen and moisture to increase shelf life 112
6.4.1.4 Growth in active packaging…………………………………………………………………………. 112
6.4.1.5 Anti-microbial packaging biofilm market is growing……………………………………. 112
6.4.1.6 Need for improved barrier packaging…………………………………………………………. 113
6.4.1.7 Growth in barrier food packaging sector…………………………………………………….. 113
6.4.1.8 Need to develop innovative new products in the paper and board industry. 114
6.4.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 115
6.4.2.1 Paper and board packaging……………………………………………………………………….. 116
6.4.2.2 Bio-nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………………………… 117
6.4.2.3 Gas barrier………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 120
6.4.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY…………………………………………………… 121
6.4.4 APPLICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS…………………………………………………. 125
6.4.5 MARKET CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………………………….. 128
6.5 SPORTING GOODS………………………………………………………………………………………………… 130
6.5.1 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………………. 130
6.5.2 Application and product developers……………………………………………………………………. 130
6.6 WIND ENERGY……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 131
6.6.1 Market drivers……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 131
6.6.1.1 Need for improved polymer composites……………………………………………………… 131
6.6.1.2 Need for protective coatings offshore ocean wind and marine energy structures 132
6.7 Applications in nanocomposites……………………………………………………………………………… 132
6.8 Application and product developers……………………………………………………………………….. 133
6.9 ELECTRONICS PACKAGING…………………………………………………………………………………. 133
6.9.1 Market drivers……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 134
6.9.1.1 Thermal management…………………………………………………………………………………. 134
6.9.1.2 Need for improved impact resistance in flexible electronics packaging…….. 134
6.9.2 Applications in nanocomposites…………………………………………………………………………. 134
7 NANOCOMPOSITE COMPANY PROFILES………………………………… 136-233 (149 company profiles)
8 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………… 234
TABLES
Table 1: Categorization of nanomaterials………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Table 2: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials…………………………. 32
Table 3: Applications in polymer composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof………. 33
Table 4: Applications in thermal management composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 34
Table 5: Applications in ESD and EMI shielding composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 35
Table 6: Applications in rubber and elastomers, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof….. 36
Table 7: Applications in flame retardants, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof…………….. 37
Table 8: Potential market penetration and volume estimates (tons) for nanocomposites in key applications. 38
Table 9: Demand for nanomaterials in composites 2015-2027. Base year for estimates is 2015. 41
Table 10: Market challenges for nanocomposites……………………………………………………………………… 42
Table 11: National nanomaterials registries in Europe……………………………………………………………… 44
Table 12: Nanomaterials regulatory bodies in Australia……………………………………………………………. 48
Table 13: Properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes………………………………………………………….. 53
Table 14: Carbon nanotubes in composites-markets, benefits and applications………………………. 54
Table 15: Comparison between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. 55
Table 16: Properties of graphene………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
Table 17: Comparative properties of carbon materials……………………………………………………………… 61
Table 18: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites………………………… 62
Table 19: Graphene in composites-markets, benefits and applications……………………………………. 63
Table 20: Applications of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC)……………………………………………………………… 66
Table 21: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)……………………………………………………….. 68
Table 22: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC)……………………………………………………………………… 69
Table 23: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials………………………. 71
Table 24: Markets, benefits and applications of nanoclays in nanoclays………………………………….. 75
Table 25: Markets, benefits and applications of nanodiamonds in nanocomposites………………… 77
Table 26: Markets, benefits and applications of silicon dioxide nanoparticles in nanocomposites. 78
Table 27: Markets, benefits and applications of NPCC in nanocomposites………………………………. 78
Table 28: Applications in aerospace composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof… 82
Table 29: Market opportunity analysis for nanocomposites in aerospace and aviation……………. 84
Table 30: Market size for nanocomposites in aerospace and aviation……………………………………… 85
Table 31: Market challenges for nanocomposites in aerospace and aviation…………………………… 86
Table 32: Nanocomposites application and product developers in aerospace and aviation……. 87
Table 33: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers……………………… 91
Table 34: Applications in automotive composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.. 95
Table 35: Applications in automotive tires, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof…………… 96
Table 36: Market opportunity analysis for nanocomposites in automotive………………………………… 97
Table 37: Market size for nanocomposites in the automotive industry………………………………………. 99
Table 38: Market challenges for nanocomposites in the automotive industry…………………………… 99
Table 39: Market challenges for nanocomposites the automotive industry…………………………….. 100
Table 40: Nanomaterials application and product developers in the automotive industry……… 100
Table 41: Applications in construction by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof………………… 105
Table 42: Market opportunity analysis for nanocomposites in construction…………………………….. 107
Table 43: Market size for nanocomposites in construction and civil engineering……………………. 108
Table 44: Nanomaterials application and product developers in the construction industry……. 109
Table 45: Market challenges for nanocomposites in construction and civil engineering………… 110
Table 46: Market challenges for nanocomposites in construction and civil engineering………… 110
Table 47: Applications in packaging, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof………………….. 118
Table 48: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum based materials and other polymers…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 121
Table 49: Nanomaterials in packaging-current materials, nanomaterials, advantages and market size. 121
Table 51: Market opportunity analysis for nanocomposites in packaging……………………………….. 124
Table 51: Nanoclay composite application developers and products in packaging……………….. 125
Table 53: Nanomaterials application developers in packaging………………………………………………. 126
Table 53: Market challenges for nanocomposites in packaging……………………………………………… 128
Table 54: Market challenges for nanocomposites in packaging……………………………………………… 129
Table 55: Nanocomposites application and product developers in sporting goods……………….. 130
Table 56: Applications in wind energy nanocomposites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 132
Table 57: Nanocomposites application and product developers in wind energy……………………. 133
Table 58: Nanocomposites in electronics packaging………………………………………………………………. 134
Table 59: Oji transparent NFC sheet……………………………………………………………………………………….. 209
FIGURES
Figure 1: Global consumption of nanocomposites 2015-2027, by nanomaterials type. Base year for estimates is 2015. 40
Figure 2: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube…………………………………………………………….. 52
Figure 3: TEM image of carbon onion………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
Figure 4: Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red. 57
Figure 5: Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns…………………………………………………………. 58
Figure 6: Fullerene schematic……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
Figure 7: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals…………………………………………………………………………. 68
Figure 8: Nanoclays structure. The dimensions of a clay platelet are typically 200-1000 nm in lateral dimension and 1 nm thick. 71
Figure 9: TEM of montmorillonite……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
Figure 10: TEM of halloysite nanotubes……………………………………………………………………………………. 74
Figure 11: Nanomaterials-based automotive components………………………………………………………… 92
Figure 12: Antistatic graphene tire……………………………………………………………………………………………… 94
Figure 13: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet…………………………………………………………………………………. 148
Figure 14: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric…………………………….. 149
Figure 15: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:…………………………………………………………………………. 163
Figure 15: CNF transparent film……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 207
Figure 16: CNF wet powder……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 207
