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The Global Market for Micro- and Nanocellulose 2025-2035

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Microfibrillated Cellulose, Nanofibrillated Cellulose, Cellulose Nanocrystals and Bacterial Nanocellulose

  • Published: September 204
  • Pages: 578
  • Tables: 150
  • Figures:  243

 

Micro and nanocellulose are advanced materials derived from cellulose, the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. These materials are characterized by their nanoscale dimensions, high strength-to-weight ratio, and unique properties that set them apart from traditional cellulose fibers. The importance of micro and nanocellulose lies in their potential to address key challenges across various industries:

  • Sustainability: As renewable, biodegradable materials, they offer eco-friendly alternatives to petroleum-based products.
  • Lightweight Strength: Their high strength-to-weight ratio makes them ideal for reducing material use while maintaining or improving performance in applications like automotive and aerospace.
  • Barrier Properties: They can enhance the barrier properties of packaging materials, potentially extending food shelf life and reducing plastic use.
  • Biomedical Applications: Their biocompatibility opens up possibilities in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
  • Advanced Materials: They can be used to create flexible electronics, smart textiles, and high-performance composites.
  • Energy Efficiency: In papermaking, they can reduce energy consumption while improving paper quality.

 

As industries worldwide seek sustainable, high-performance materials, micro and nanocellulose are poised to play a crucial role in driving innovation and supporting the transition to a more sustainable, bio-based economy.

This comprehensive market report provides an analysis of the global micro and nanocellulose market from 2025 to 2035. The report covers various aspects of cellulose-based materials, including microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). Report contents include: 

  • Overview of cellulose, its sources, and various types of cellulose fibers. 
    • Feedstocks: wood, plant, tunicate, algae, and bacteria
    • Commercial production of cellulose fibers from plants
  • Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC) market analysis including:
    • Production capacities
    • Global market demand from 2018 to 2035 (by market and revenues)
    • Market supply chain
    • Price and cost analysis
    • SWOT analysis
    • Products and future outlook
    • Risks and opportunities
    • Key end-use markets for MFC:
      • Paperboard and packaging
      • Textiles
      • Personal care
      • Paints and coatings
  • Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) market analysis including:
    • Advantages of cellulose nanofibers
    • Pre-treatment and synthesis methods
    • Production methods by producer
    • Applications
    • SWOT analysis
    • Production capacities
    • Pricing
    • Commercial CNF products
    • End-use markets for CNF, including:
      • Composites
      • Automotive
      • Buildings and construction
      • Paper and board packaging
      • Textiles and apparel
      • Biomedicine and healthcare
      • Hygiene and sanitary products
      • Paints and coatings
      • Aerogels
      • Oil and gas
      • Filtration
      • Rheology modifiers
      • Printed, stretchable and flexible electronics
      • 3D printing
      • Aerospace
      • Batteries
  • Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) market analysis including:
    • Synthesis methods
    • Properties
    • Production techniques
    • Pricing
    • SWOT analysis
    • Markets and applications
    • Production capacities
    • Global demand forecasts by market
  • Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) market analysis including: 
    • Production methods
    • Pricing
    • SWOT analysis
    • Markets and applications, including:
      • Biomedical
      • Electronics
      • Food industry
      • Pharmaceuticals
      • Cosmetics and personal care
      • Paper and composites
      • Filtration membranes
      • Acoustics
      • Textiles
  • Company Profiles of over 230 companies involved in the micro and nanocellulose market. Companies profiled include 525 Solutions, Adsorbi, AgriSea NZ Seaweed, Aichemist Metal, Alberta Innovates, Anomera, ANPOLY, Asahi Kasei, Axcelon Biopolymers, Azolla, Betulium, BIO-LUTIONS International, Bioweg, Birla Cellulose, BlockTexx, Blue BioFuels, Blue Goose Biorefineries, Borregaard ChemCell, Bowil Biotech, Bucha Bio, Cass Materials, Ceapro, Cellucomp, Celluforce, Cellugy, CH Bioforce, CIRC, Circular Systems, CreaFill Fibers, Daicel, Daio Paper, Daito Kasei Kogyo, DePuy Synthes, Eastman Chemical, Evrnu, Fiberlean Technologies, Freyzein, FZMB, GenCrest Bio Products, HeiQ Materials, Honext Material, Ioncell, Kelheim Fibres, Klabin, Kruger Biomaterials, Kusano Sakko, Lenzing, LIST Technology, Lixea, Lohmann & Rauscher, MakeGrowLab, Melodea, Metsä Group, Modern Synthesis, Nanollose, Nippon Paper, Noosa Fiber, Nordic Bioproducts Group, Norske Skog, Oji Holdings, Orange Fiber, Organic Disposables, Panasonic, Performance BioFilaments, Polybion, Re-Fresh Global, Releaf Paper, Re:newcell, Rise Innventia, Sappi, SaXcell, ScobyTec, Seven Industria De Produtos Biotecnologicos, Simplifyber, Smartfiber, Soma Bioworks, Spinnova, Stora Enso, Suzano, TreeToTextile, UPM Biocomposites, Valmet, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Weidmann Fiber Technology, Woodly, Worn Again Technologies, Zelfo Technology. These profiles contain information on Company background, Production processes, Products, Target markets and Recent developments. 

 

1             INTRODUCTION          39

  • 1.1        Definitions       40
  • 1.2        Cellulose          40
  • 1.3        Feedstocks      42
    • 1.3.1    Wood  42
    • 1.3.2    Plant    43
    • 1.3.3    Tunicate             44
    • 1.3.4    Algae   44
    • 1.3.5    Bacteria             44
  • 1.4        Cellulose fibers            45
    • 1.4.1    Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)        45
    • 1.4.2    Commercial production of cellulose fibers from plants    46
      • 1.4.2.1 Seed fibers      46
        • 1.4.2.1.1           Cotton 46
        • 1.4.2.1.1.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       48
        • 1.4.2.1.2           Kapok 48
        • 1.4.2.1.2.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       49
        • 1.4.2.1.3           Luffa    50
      • 1.4.2.2 Bast fibers        51
        • 1.4.2.2.1           Jute       51
          • 1.4.2.2.1.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       52
        • 1.4.2.2.2           Hemp  53
          • 1.4.2.2.2.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       54
        • 1.4.2.2.3           Flax       55
          • 1.4.2.2.3.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       56
        • 1.4.2.2.4           Ramie 56
          • 1.4.2.2.4.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       57
        • 1.4.2.2.5           Kenaf   58
          • 1.4.2.2.5.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       59
      • 1.4.2.3 Leaf fibers        60
        • 1.4.2.3.1           Sisal     60
          • 1.4.2.3.1.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       61
        • 1.4.2.3.2           Abaca 61
        • 1.4.2.3.2.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       63
      • 1.4.2.4 Fruit fibers       63
        • 1.4.2.4.1           Coir      63
          • 1.4.2.4.1.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       64
        • 1.4.2.4.2           Banana              65
          • 1.4.2.4.2.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       66
        • 1.4.2.4.3           Pineapple         67
      • 1.4.2.5 Stalk fibers from agricultural residues          68
        • 1.4.2.5.1           Rice fiber          68
        • 1.4.2.5.2           Corn     69
      • 1.4.2.6 Cane, grasses and reed           70
        • 1.4.2.6.1           Switch grass   70
        • 1.4.2.6.2           Sugarcane (agricultural residues)    70
        • 1.4.2.6.3           Bamboo            71
          • 1.4.2.6.3.1      Production volumes 2018-2035       72
        • 1.4.2.6.4           Fresh grass (green biorefinery)           72
    • 1.4.3    Regenerated cellulose fibers               73
    • 1.4.4    Ionic liquids    74
  • 1.5        “Nano” Cellulose (CNF, CNC, BNC)               74
  • 1.6        Cellulose filaments   75

 

2             MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE     77

  • 2.1        Production capacities              77
  • 2.2        Global market demand 2018-2035 78
    • 2.2.1    By market, tons            78
    • 2.2.2    By market, revenues  80
  • 2.3        Market supply chain  82
  • 2.4        Price and Costs Analysis       83
  • 2.5        SWOT analysis              85
  • 2.6        Products           86
  • 2.7        Future Outlook             87
  • 2.8        Risks and Opportunities         88
  • 2.9        End use markets          89
    • 2.9.1    Paperboard and packaging  89
      • 2.9.1.1 Market overview           89
      • 2.9.1.2 Global market 2018-2024     90
        • 2.9.1.2.1           Tons     90
        • 2.9.1.2.2           Revenues          91
        • 2.9.1.2.3           By Region         93
    • 2.9.2    Textiles               95
      • 2.9.2.1 Market overview           95
      • 2.9.2.2 Global market 2018-2035     95
        • 2.9.2.2.1           Tons     95
        • 2.9.2.2.2           Revenues          97
        • 2.9.2.2.3           By Region         98
    • 2.9.3    Personal care 100
      • 2.9.3.1 Market overview           100
      • 2.9.3.2 Global market 2018-2035     101
        • 2.9.3.2.1           Tons     101
        • 2.9.3.2.2           Revenues          102
        • 2.9.3.2.3           By Region         104
    • 2.9.4    Paints and coatings   105
      • 2.9.4.1 Market overview           105
      • 2.9.4.2 Global market 2018-2035     106
        • 2.9.4.2.1           Tons     106
        • 2.9.4.2.2           Revenues          108
        • 2.9.4.2.3           By Region         109
    • 2.9.5    Other markets               111
  • 2.10     Company profiles       112 (59 company profiles)

 

3             CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS    166

  • 3.1        Advantages of cellulose nanofibers               166
  • 3.2        Pre-treatment and Synthesis methods         167
    • 3.2.1    Acid hydrolysis             171
    • 3.2.2    TEMPO oxidation         171
    • 3.2.3    Ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation         172
    • 3.2.4    Enzymatic Hydrolysis               172
    • 3.2.5    Ball milling      172
    • 3.2.6    Cryocrushing 173
    • 3.2.7    High-shear grinding   173
    • 3.2.8    Ultrasonication            173
    • 3.2.9    High-pressure homogenization         173
    • 3.2.10 Recent methods          174
      • 3.2.10.1            Microwave irradiation               174
      • 3.2.10.2            Enzymatic processing              174
      • 3.2.10.3            Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)           175
      • 3.2.10.4            Pulsed electric field   176
      • 3.2.10.5            Electron beam irradiation      176
  • 3.3        Production method, by producer      177
  • 3.4        Applications of cellulose nanofibers             179
  • 3.5        SWOT analysis              180
  • 3.6        Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2024  181
  • 3.7        Pricing 182
  • 3.8        Commercial CNF products  184
  • 3.9        End use markets for cellulose nanofibers  193
    • 3.9.1    Composites    193
      • 3.9.1.1 Market overview           193
      • 3.9.1.2 Markets and applications      197
        • 3.9.1.2.1           Automotive composites         198
        • 3.9.1.2.2           Biocomposite films & packaging      198
        • 3.9.1.2.3           Barrier packaging       198
        • 3.9.1.2.4           Thermal insulation composites         199
        • 3.9.1.2.5           Construction composites     199
      • 3.9.1.3 Global market 2018-2035     200
        • 3.9.1.3.1           Tons     200
        • 3.9.1.3.2           Revenues          201
        • 3.9.1.3.3           By Region         203
      • 3.9.1.4 Product developers    205
    • 3.9.2    Automotive      207
      • 3.9.2.1 Market overview           207
      • 3.9.2.2 Markets and applications      209
        • 3.9.2.2.1           Composites    210
        • 3.9.2.2.2           Air intake components            215
        • 3.9.2.2.3           Tires     216
      • 3.9.2.3 Global market 2018-2035     216
        • 3.9.2.3.1           Tons     216
        • 3.9.2.3.2           Revenues          217
        • 3.9.2.3.3           By Region         219
      • 3.9.2.4 Product developers    221
    • 3.9.3    Buildings and construction   224
      • 3.9.3.1 Market overview           224
      • 3.9.3.2 Markets and applications      227
        • 3.9.3.2.1           Sandwich composites             227
        • 3.9.3.2.2           Cement additives       227
        • 3.9.3.2.3           Pump primers                228
        • 3.9.3.2.4           Thermal insulation and damping      228
      • 3.9.3.3 Global market 2018-2035     229
        • 3.9.3.3.1           Tons     229
        • 3.9.3.3.2           Revenues          230
        • 3.9.3.3.3           By region           232
      • 3.9.3.4 Product developers    234
    • 3.9.4    Paper and board packaging 235
      • 3.9.4.1 Market overview           235
      • 3.9.4.2 Markets and applications      240
        • 3.9.4.2.1           Reinforcement and barrier    241
        • 3.9.4.2.2           Biodegradable food packaging foil and films            241
        • 3.9.4.2.3           Paperboard coatings 241
      • 3.9.4.3 Global market 2018-2035     242
        • 3.9.4.3.1           Tons     242
        • 3.9.4.3.2           Revenues          243
        • 3.9.4.3.3           By region           245
      • 3.9.4.4 Product developers    248
    • 3.9.5    Textiles and apparel  249
      • 3.9.5.1 Market overview           249
      • 3.9.5.2 Markets and applications      252
        • 3.9.5.2.1           CNF deodorizer and odour reducer (antimicrobial) in adult and child diapers   252
        • 3.9.5.2.2           Footwear           253
      • 3.9.5.3 Global market 2018-2035     253
        • 3.9.5.3.1           Tons     253
        • 3.9.5.3.2           Revenues          255
        • 3.9.5.3.3           By region           256
      • 3.9.5.4 Product developer profiles   258
    • 3.9.6    Biomedicine and healthcare                259
      • 3.9.6.1 Market overview           259
      • 3.9.6.2 Markets and applications      264
        • 3.9.6.2.1           Wound dressings        264
        • 3.9.6.2.2           Drug delivery stabilizers         265
        • 3.9.6.2.3           Tissue engineering scaffolds               265
      • 3.9.6.3 Global market 2018-2035     265
        • 3.9.6.3.1           Tons     265
        • 3.9.6.3.2           Revenues          266
        • 3.9.6.3.3           By region           268
      • 3.9.6.4 Product developers    271
    • 3.9.7    Hygiene and sanitary products          274
      • 3.9.7.1 Market overview           274
      • 3.9.7.2 Markets and applications      274
      • 3.9.7.3 Global market 2018-2035     275
        • 3.9.7.3.1           Tons     275
        • 3.9.7.3.2           Revenues          276
        • 3.9.7.3.3           By region           278
      • 3.9.7.4 Product developers    280
    • 3.9.8    Paints and coatings   281
      • 3.9.8.1 Market overview           281
      • 3.9.8.2 Markets and applications      284
      • 3.9.8.3 Global market 2018-2035     284
        • 3.9.8.3.1           Tons     284
        • 3.9.8.3.2           Revenues          286
        • 3.9.8.3.3           By region           287
      • 3.9.8.4 Product developers    290
    • 3.9.9    Aerogels            291
      • 3.9.9.1 Market overview           291
      • 3.9.9.2 Markets and applications      293
      • 3.9.9.3 Global market 2018-2035     294
        • 3.9.9.3.1           Tons     294
        • 3.9.9.3.2           Revenues          295
        • 3.9.9.3.3           By region           297
      • 3.9.9.4 Product developers    299
    • 3.9.10 Oil and gas      300
      • 3.9.10.1            Market overview           300
      • 3.9.10.2            Markets and applications      302
        • 3.9.10.2.1        Oil recovery applications (fracturing fluid) 302
        • 3.9.10.2.2        CNF Membranes for separation        302
        • 3.9.10.2.3        Oil and gas fluids additives  303
      • 3.9.10.3            Global market 2018-2035     303
        • 3.9.10.3.1        Tons     303
        • 3.9.10.3.2        Revenues          304
        • 3.9.10.3.3        By region           306
      • 3.9.10.4            Product developers    308
    • 3.9.11 Filtration            309
      • 3.9.11.1            Market overview           309
      • 3.9.11.2            Markets and applications      313
        • 3.9.11.2.1        Membranes for selective absorption             313
      • 3.9.11.3            Global market 2018-2035     313
        • 3.9.11.3.1        Tons     313
        • 3.9.11.3.2        Revenues          315
        • 3.9.11.3.3        By region           316
      • 3.9.11.4            Product developers    319
    • 3.9.12 Rheology modifiers    320
      • 3.9.12.1            Market overview           320
      • 3.9.12.2            Markets and applications      321
        • 3.9.12.2.1        Food additives              322
        • 3.9.12.2.2        Pickering stabilizers  322
        • 3.9.12.2.3        Hydrogels         322
        • 3.9.12.2.4        Cosmetics and skincare        323
      • 3.9.12.3            Global market 2018-2035     324
        • 3.9.12.3.1        Tons     324
        • 3.9.12.3.2        Revenues          325
        • 3.9.12.3.3        By region           327
      • 3.9.12.4            Product developers    329
    • 3.9.13 Other markets               331
      • 3.9.13.1            Printed, stretchable and flexible electronics             331
        • 3.9.13.1.1        Market assessment   331
        • 3.9.13.1.2        Product developers    334
      • 3.9.13.2            3D printing       336
        • 3.9.13.2.1        Market assessment   336
        • 3.9.13.2.2        Product developers    337
      • 3.9.13.3            Aerospace        337
        • 3.9.13.3.1        Market assessment   337
        • 3.9.13.3.2        Product developers    338
      • 3.9.13.4            Batteries            339
        • 3.9.13.4.1        Market assessment   339
  • 3.10     Cellulose nanofiber company profiles          340 (122 company profiles)

 

4             CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS             493

  • 4.1        Introduction    493
  • 4.2        Synthesis          493
  • 4.3        Properties         496
  • 4.4        Production       497
  • 4.5        Pricing 498
  • 4.6        SWOT analysis              499
  • 4.7        Markets and applications      500
  • 4.8        Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2023            501
  • 4.9        Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market         502
  • 4.10     Cellulose nanocrystal company profiles     504 (22 company profiles)

 

5             BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE (BNC)            536

  • 5.1        Overview           536
  • 5.2        Production       536
  • 5.3        Pricing 539
  • 5.4        SWOT analysis              540
  • 5.5        Markets and applications      541
    • 5.5.1    Biomedical      541
    • 5.5.2    Electronics      542
    • 5.5.3    Food industry 542
    • 5.5.4    Pharmaceuticals         543
    • 5.5.5    Cosmetics and personal care             543
    • 5.5.6    Paper and composites            544
    • 5.5.7    Filtration membranes               544
    • 5.5.8    Acoustics         545
    • 5.5.9    Textiles               545
  • 5.6        Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) company profiles  546 (20 company profiles)

 

6             RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY 562

  • 6.1        Report scope 562
  • 6.2        Research methodology           562

 

7             REFERENCES 564

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Length and diameter of nanocellulose types and MFC.  40
  • Table 3. Major polymers found in the extracellular covering of different algae.  44
  • Table 4. Overview of cotton fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.         47
  • Table 5. Overview of kapok fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.          49
  • Table 6. Overview of luffa fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.              50
  • Table 7. Overview of jute fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.               51
  • Table 8. Overview of hemp fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.           53
  • Table 9. Overview of flax fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications. 55
  • Table 10. Overview of ramie fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.        57
  • Table 11. Overview of kenaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.         58
  • Table 12. Overview of sisal fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.           60
  • Table 13. Overview of abaca fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.       61
  • Table 14. Overview of coir fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.             63
  • Table 15. Overview of banana fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.    65
  • Table 16. Overview of pineapple fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.              67
  • Table 17. Overview of rice fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.             68
  • Table 18. Overview of corn fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.           69
  • Table 19. Overview of switch grass fibers-description, properties and applications.     70
  • Table 20. Overview of sugarcane fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and application and market size.     70
  • Table 21. Overview of bamboo fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.  71
  • Table 22. Recycled cellulose fibers companies.    73
  • Table 23. Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC) production capacities in metric tons and production process, by producer, metric tons.      77
  • Table 24. Global market demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC). 2018-2035 (tons).        78
  • Table 25. Production costs.  83
  • Table 26. Commercially available Microfibrillated Cellulose products.  86
  • Table 27. Industry-wise Outlook.      87
  • Table 28. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paperboard and packaging-market age, key benefits, applications and producers.            89
  • Table 29. Global demand for cellulose microfibers (Microfibrillated Cellulose) in paper and packaging, 2018-2035 (tons).       90
  • Table 30. Global revenues for cellulose microfibers (Microfibrillated Cellulose) in paper and packaging, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   91
  • Table 31. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (Microfibrillated Cellulose) in paper and packaging, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  93
  • Table 32. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in textiles-market age, key benefits, applications and producers.  95
  • Table 33. Global demand for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in textiles, 2018-2035 (tons). 95
  • Table 34. Global revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in textiles, 2018-2035(millions USD). 97
  • Table 35. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in textiles, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             98
  • Table 36. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in personal care-market age, key benefits, applications and producers.       100
  • Table 37. Global demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose in personal care, 2018-2035 (tons).   101
  • Table 38. Global revenues for Microfibrillated Cellulose in personal care, 2018-2035 (millions USD).                102
  • Table 39. Revenues for Microfibrillated Cellulose in personal care, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).                104
  • Table 40. Market overview for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings-market age, key benefits, applications and producers.      106
  • Table 41. Global demand for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, 2018-2035 (tons).       106
  • Table 42. Global revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, 2018-2035(millions USD).    108
  • Table 43. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, by region, 2018-2035(millions USD).   109
  • Table 44. Other markets for Microfibrillated Cellulose.      111
  • Table 45. Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials.        166
  • Table 46. Extraction of nanocellulose (NC) from various lignocellulosic sources using different conventional technologies.  170
  • Table 47. CNF and CNC production method by producer.               177
  • Table 48. Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF).        179
  • Table 49. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tons.    181
  • Table 50: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers.   182
  • Table 51. Cellulose nanofiber-based commercial products.*        184
  • Table 52. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials.            193
  • Table 53. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs.     194
  • Table 54. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in composites.     197
  • Table 55. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2035 (metric tons).  200
  • Table 56. Revenues for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2035 (millions USD).            201
  • Table 57. Revenues for cellulose nanofibers in composites, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).     203
  • Table 58. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers in composites.   205
  • Table 59. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs.      207
  • Table 60. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in automotive.      209
  • Table 61. Components featured in the NCV.             211
  • Table 62. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, 2018-2035 (metric tons).  216
  • Table 63. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  217
  • Table 64. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             219
  • Table 65. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in the automotive industry.  221
  • Table 66. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs        224
  • Table 67. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in building and construction.     227
  • Table 68: Market demand for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, 2018-2035 (tons).  229
  • Table 69. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             230
  • Table 70. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             232
  • Table 71. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers in building and construction.   234
  • Table 72. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers.            235
  • Table 73. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs.     235
  • Table 74. Applications of cellulose nanofibers in paper and board packaging. 240
  • Table 75. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paper & board packaging market, 2018-2035 (tons).                242
  • Table 76. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   243
  • Table 77. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   245
  • Table 78. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paper and board.  248
  • Table 79. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs.               249
  • Table 80. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in textiles, 2018-2035 (tons).             253
  • Table 81. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles & apparel market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             255
  • Table 82. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles & apparel market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 256
  • Table 83. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in textiles and apparel.           258
  • Table 84. Market assessment for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs.   259
  • Table 85. Markets and applications of cellulose nanofibers in biomedicine and healthcare.   264
  • Table 86. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in biomedical and healthcare, 2018-2035 (tons). 265
  • Table 87. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the biomedicine & healthcare market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   266
  • Table 88. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the biomedicine & healthcare market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   268
  • Table 89. Nanocellulose product developers in medicine and healthcare.          271
  • Table 90. Markets and applications of cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products.              274
  • Table 91. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products, 2018-2035 (tons).                275
  • Table 92. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene & sanitary market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             276
  • Table 93. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene & sanitary market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 278
  • Table 94. Cellulose nanofibers product developers in hygiene and sanitary products. 280
  • Table 95. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs.               281
  • Table 96. Market and applications of cellulose nanofibers in paints and coatings.         284
  • Table 97. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2035 (tons).   284
  • Table 98. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paints & coatings market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             286
  • Table 99. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paints & coatings market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 287
  • Table 100. Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization.      290
  • Table 101. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs.            291
  • Table 102. Markets and applications for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels.           293
  • Table 103. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels, 2018-2035 (tons).       294
  • Table 104. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogels market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  295
  • Table 105. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogels market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             297
  • Table 106. Nanocellulose in product developers in aerogels.       299
  • Table 107. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs.       300
  • Table 108. Markets and applications of cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas.       302
  • Table 109. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2035 (tons).        303
  • Table 110. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the oil & gas market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  304
  • Table 111. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the oil & gas market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             306
  • Table 112. Cellulose nanofibers product developers in oil and gas exploration.               308
  • Table 113. CNF membranes.               310
  • Table 114. Market assessment for Cellulose nanofibers in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs.             310
  • Table 115. Market and applications of Cellulose nanofibers in filtration.               313
  • Table 116. Global demand for Cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2035 (tons).             313
  • Table 117. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  315
  • Table 118. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             316
  • Table 119. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in filtration.  319
  • Table 120. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs.   320
  • Table 121. Markets and applications of cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers.     321
  • Table 122. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2035 (tons).                324
  • Table 123. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 325
  • Table 124. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 327
  • Table 125. Commercial activity in cellulose nanofibers in rheology modifiers. 329
  • Table 126. Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper).       331
  • Table 127. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs.                332
  • Table 128. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics.     334
  • Table 129. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs.       336
  • Table 130. Companies developing cellulose nanofibers 3D printing products.  337
  • Table 131. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading.             337
  • Table 132: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in aircraft and aerospace. 338
  • Table 133. Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in Batteries-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks.             339
  • Table 134: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.        386
  • Table 135. Nippon Paper commercial CNF products.         429
  • Table 136. Oji Holdings CNF products.         441
  • Table 137. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).              494
  • Table 138. CNC sources, size and yield.      495
  • Table 139. CNC properties.  496
  • Table 140. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials. 496
  • Table 141. Production methods for cellulose nanocrystals.          497
  • Table 142. Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanocrystal producers.           498
  • Table 143. Markets and applications of cellulose nanocrystals. 500
  • Table 144: Cellulose nanocrystal capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tons.    501
  • Table 145. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2035 (metric tons).     502
  • Table 146. Overview of CNC producers.      504
  • Table 147. Production methods for bacterial nanocellulose.        537
  • Table 148: Product/price/application matrix of bacterial nanocellulose producers.      539
  • Table 149. Markets and applications of bacterial nanocellulose.               541
  • Table 150. Fibnano properties.           555

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit.           41
  • Figure 2. Scale of cellulose materials.          42
  • Figure 3. Organization and morphology of cellulose synthesizing terminal complexes (TCs) in different organisms.      42
  • Figure 4. Biosynthesis of (a) wood cellulose (b) tunicate cellulose and (c) BC.  43
  • Figure 5. Cellulose microfibrils and nanofibrils.     45
  • Figure 6. SEM image of microfibrillated cellulose. 46
  • Figure 7. Cotton production volume 2018-2035(Million MT).         48
  • Figure 8. Kapok production volume 2018-2035(MT).          49
  • Figure 9.  Luffa cylindrica fiber.          50
  • Figure 10. Jute production volume 2018-2035(Million MT).            52
  • Figure 11. Hemp fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT).            54
  • Figure 12. Flax fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT). 56
  • Figure 13. Ramie fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT).            58
  • Figure 14. Kenaf fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT).             59
  • Figure 15. Sisal fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT). 61
  • Figure 16. Abaca fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT).            63
  • Figure 17. Coir fiber production volume 2018-2035(million MT). 65
  • Figure 18. Banana fiber production volume 2018-2035(MT).         66
  • Figure 19. Pineapple fiber.     67
  • Figure 20. A bag made with pineapple biomaterial from the H&M Conscious Collection 2019.             68
  • Figure 21. Bamboo fiber production volume 2018-2035(MILLION MT).  72
  • Figure 22. Global market demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC). 2018-2035 (tons).       79
  • Figure 23. Global market revenues for Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC). 2018-2035(millions USD).  81
  • Figure 24. Supply chain for the Microfibrillated Cellulose market.             82
  • Figure 25. SWOT analysis: Microfibrillated Cellulose market.       86
  • Figure 26. Global demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose in paper and packaging, 2018-2035 (tons). 91
  • Figure 27. Global demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose in paper and packaging, 2018-2035(millions USD).  93
  • Figure 28. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (Microfibrillated Cellulose) in paper and packaging, by region, 2018-2035(millions USD).   94
  • Figure 29. Global demand for Microfibrillated Cellulose in textiles, 2018-2035 (tons). 96
  • Figure 30. Global revenues for Microfibrillated Cellulose in textiles, 2018-2035(millions USD).            98
  • Figure 31. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in textiles, by region, 2018-2035(millions USD). 99
  • Figure 32. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in personal care, 2018-2035 (tons).            102
  • Figure 33. Global revenues for cellulose nanofibers in personal care, 2018-2035(millions USD).        103
  • Figure 34. Revenues for Microfibrillated Cellulose in personal care, by region, 2018-2035(millions USD).                105
  • Figure 35. Global demand for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, 2018-2035 (tons).       107
  • Figure 36. Global revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, 2018-2035(millions USD).    109
  • Figure 37. Revenues for cellulose microfibers (microfibrillated cellulose) in paints and coatings, by region, 2018-2035(millions USD).   110
  • Figure 38. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction.            119
  • Figure 39. Celish.        123
  • Figure 40. BELLOCEA™             124
  • Figure 41. Photograph (a) and micrograph (b) of mineral/ MFC composite showing the high viscosity and fibrillar structure.        128
  • Figure 42. Water-repellent cellulose.             129
  • Figure 43. HeiQ AeoniQ .        131
  • Figure 44. BioFlex process.   140
  • Figure 45. A vacuum cleaner part made of cellulose fiber (left) and the assembled vacuum cleaner.                147
  • Figure 46: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant.        150
  • Figure 47. 3D printed cellulose shoe.            153
  • Figure 48. Lyocell process.   154
  • Figure 49. Thales packaging incorporating Fibrease.           157
  • Figure 50. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.              161
  • Figure 51. Worn Again products.       164
  • Figure 52. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials.               168
  • Figure 53. Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass using enzymatic treatment (endoglucanases and xylanases) followed by mechanical treatment.     175
  • Figure 54. EBI pretreatment combined with HPH for CNC production.   177
  • Figure 55. SWOT analysis: Cellulose nanofibers market.  180
  • Figure 56. Aruba 23.  184
  • Figure 57. Dorayaki.   185
  • Figure 58. ENASAVE NEXT.    185
  • Figure 59. Flat4-KAEDE.          185
  • Figure 60. GEL-KAYANO™.      186
  • Figure 61. KAMIDE＋CNF paper container.                186
  • Figure 62. Hada care acty®.  187
  • Figure 63. Hiteeth All in One Mouth Gel.      187
  • Figure 64. HYPERNANO X series.      187
  • Figure 65. Kirekira! toilet wipes.         188
  • Figure 66. ONKYO® Scepter SC-3(B) 2-way Speaker System.         188
  • Figure 67. Pioneer® SE-MONITOR5 Headphones. 188
  • Figure 68. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet.   189
  • Figure 69. RUBURI Precursor Lubris for raw concrete pumping.  189
  • Figure 70. SC-3 (B) speakers.              190
  • Figure 71. SE-MONITOR5 headphones.       190
  • Figure 72. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers.   190
  • Figure 73. Spingle Company sneakers.         191
  • Figure 74. "SURISURI" Lotion.             191
  • Figure 75. X9400 series.          191
  • Figure 76. X Premium Sound Speaker Alps Alpine.                192
  • Figure 77. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2035 (metric tons). 201
  • Figure 78. Revenues for cellulose nanofibers in composites, 2018-2035 (millions USD).          202
  • Figure 79. Revenues for cellulose nanofibers in composites, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   204
  • Figure 80. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid).           205
  • Figure 81. CNF resin products.           206
  • Figure 82. Interior of NCV concept car.         207
  • Figure 83. Interior of the NCV prototype.     210
  • Figure 84. Global market demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, 2018-2035 (metric tons).  217
  • Figure 85. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             218
  • Figure 86. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             220
  • Figure 87: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car.      221
  • Figure 88: CNF composite.   222
  • Figure 89: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.         222
  • Figure 90. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project.       223
  • Figure 91. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.          224
  • Figure 92. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in construction, 2018-2035 (tons).              230
  • Figure 93. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             231
  • Figure 94. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in building and construction, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             233
  • Figure 95. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging market, 2018-2035 (tons). 243
  • Figure 96. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   245
  • Figure 97. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paper & board/packaging market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   247
  • Figure 98. Markets and applications of cellulose nanofibers in textiles and apparel.    252
  • Figure 99. Asics GEL-KAYANO™ 25 running shoe.  253
  • Figure 100. Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles sector, 2018-2035 (tons). 254
  • Figure 101. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles & apparel market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             256
  • Figure 102. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles & apparel market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 257
  • Figure 103. CNF deodorant products.           258
  • Figure 104. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in biomedical and healthcare, 2018-2035 (tons).                266
  • Figure 105. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the biomedicine & healthcare market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   268
  • Figure 106. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the biomedicine & healthcare market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).   270
  • Figure 107. Fibnano. 272
  • Figure 108. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in hygiene and sanitary products, 2018-2035 (tons).                276
  • Figure 109. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene & sanitary market, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 278
  • Figure 110. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the hygiene and sanitary products market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  279
  • Figure 111. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in paint and coatings, 2018-2035 (tons).               285
  • Figure 112. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paints & coatings market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             287
  • Figure 113. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the paints & coatings market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 289
  • Figure 114. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.             291
  • Figure 115: Global demand for nanocellulose in in aerogels, 2018-2035 (tons).              295
  • Figure 116. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogels market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  296
  • Figure 117. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogelsmarket, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             298
  • Figure 118. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market, 2018-2035 (tons).      304
  • Figure 119. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in oil & gas market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  306
  • Figure 120. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the oil & gas market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD).             307
  • Figure 121. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery.        308
  • Figure 122. Global demand for Cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2035 (tons).           314
  • Figure 123. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2018-2035 (millions USD).  316
  • Figure 124. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration packaging market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 318
  • Figure 125. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw.             319
  • Figure 126. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2035 (tons).                325
  • Figure 127. Global market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 326
  • Figure 128. Market revenues for cellulose nanofibers in the rheology modifiers market, by region, 2018-2035 (millions USD). 328
  • Figure 129. "SURISURI" products.    330
  • Figure 130. Foldable nanopaper antenna. 332
  • Figure 131: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.              334
  • Figure 132. Oji CNF transparent sheets.      334
  • Figure 133. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials. 335
  • Figure 134: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.  341
  • Figure 135. MEDICELLU™.      342
  • Figure 136: Ashai Kasei CNF production process. 344
  • Figure 137: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.  344
  • Figure 138: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.       345
  • Figure 139. CNF nonwoven fabric.   346
  • Figure 140. nanoforest products.     357
  • Figure 141. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.         358
  • Figure 142. nanoforest-S.      359
  • Figure 143. nanoforest-PDP. 359
  • Figure 144. nanoforest-MB.  360
  • Figure 145: Trunk lid incorporating CNF.      362
  • Figure 146. Daio Paper CNF production process.  364
  • Figure 147. ELLEX products. 366
  • Figure 148. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.            366
  • Figure 149. Kirekira! toilet wipes.      366
  • Figure 150. Color CNF.             368
  • Figure 151. DIC Products CNF production process.            370
  • Figure 152. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process.              372
  • Figure 153: Rheocrysta spray.             373
  • Figure 154. DKS CNF products.         374
  • Figure 155: CNF based on citrus peel.           375
  • Figure 156. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.         376
  • Figure 157. Filler Bank CNC products.          378
  • Figure 158. GREEN CHIP CMF pellets and injection moulded products.               380
  • Figure 159: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).          381
  • Figure 160: CNF products from Furukawa Electric.              383
  • Figure 161. Granbio CNF production process.         387
  • Figure 162: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.               390
  • Figure 163. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).     393
  • Figure 164: CNF gel.  394
  • Figure 165: Block nanocellulose material. 395
  • Figure 166: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.             396
  • Figure 167. Kami Shoji CNF products.           399
  • Figure 168. Dual Graft System.          401
  • Figure 169: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.      402
  • Figure 170. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).        402
  • Figure 171: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).                404
  • Figure 172. CNF deodorant. 407
  • Figure 173. Chitin nanofiber product.            408
  • Figure 174. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.           410
  • Figure 175. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.    411
  • Figure 176. Cellulomix production process.              413
  • Figure 177. Nanobase versus conventional products.        413
  • Figure 178. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307.             414
  • Figure 179: CNF slurries.        416
  • Figure 180. Range of CNF products.               416
  • Figure 181: Nanocell serum product.            421
  • Figure 182. Vatensel® product            422
  • Figure 183: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp.           424
  • Figure 184: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic.    424
  • Figure 185. Nippon Paper CNF production process.            427
  • Figure 186: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers.            429
  • Figure 187. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF.    431
  • Figure 188. CNF paint product.          434
  • Figure 189. CNF wet powder.               435
  • Figure 190. CNF transparent film.    436
  • Figure 191. Transparent CNF sheets.             436
  • Figure 192. Oji Paper CNF production process.      438
  • Figure 193. CNF clear sheets.             440
  • Figure 194. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.       443
  • Figure 195. Fluorene cellulose ® powder.    444
  • Figure 196. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process.               445
  • Figure 197. XCNF.       448
  • Figure 198. CNF insulation flat plates.          449
  • Figure 199. Seiko PMC CNF production process.  453
  • Figure 200. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.  454
  • Figure 201. Rubber soles incorporating CNF.            456
  • Figure 202. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite.       458
  • Figure 203. Sugino Machine CNF production process.      459
  • Figure 204. High Pressure Water Jet Process.           459
  • Figure 205. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.            460
  • Figure 206. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.         460
  • Figure 207. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.        461
  • Figure 208. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.       461
  • Figure 209. SVILOSA AD CNC products.      463
  • Figure 210. Silver / CNF composite dispersions.   468
  • Figure 211. CNF/nanosilver powder.               469
  • Figure 212: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.    471
  • Figure 213: CNF resin products.        474
  • Figure 214. University of Maine CNF production process.               475
  • Figure 215. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.       477
  • Figure 216. FibDex® wound dressing.            478
  • Figure 217. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process.   480
  • Figure 218: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.              481
  • Figure 219. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.            485
  • Figure 220. S-CNF in powder form. 487
  • Figure 221. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals. 493
  • Figure 222. CNC preparation.             494
  • Figure 223. Extracting CNC from trees.         495
  • Figure 224. SWOT analysis: Cellulose nanocrystals market.          499
  • Figure 225. CNC slurry.           500
  • Figure 226. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2035 (metric tons).   503
  • Figure 227. R3TM process technology.          508
  • Figure 228. Blue Goose CNC Production Process.                509
  • Figure 229: Celluforce production process.              514
  • Figure 230: NCCTM Process.               515
  • Figure 231: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:  515
  • Figure 232. Filler Bank CNC products.          516
  • Figure 233. Melodea CNC barrier coating packaging.        522
  • Figure 234. Plantrose process.           525
  • Figure 235. CNC solution.     529
  • Figure 236. University of Maine CNF production process.               531
  • Figure 237. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process.   533
  • Figure 238. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes             538
  • Figure 239. SWOT analysis: Bacterial Nanocellulose market.       540
  • Figure 240. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.     546
  • Figure 241. Cellugy materials.            553
  • Figure 242: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet.   554
  • Figure 243. TransLeather.       557
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The Global Market for Micro- and Nanocellulose 2025-2035
The Global Market for Micro- and Nanocellulose 2025-2035
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The Global Market for Micro- and Nanocellulose 2025-2035
The Global Market for Micro- and Nanocellulose 2025-2035
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