The Global Market for Bio-based and Sustainable Construction 2025-2035

1             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              13

2             INTRODUCTION          14

• 2.1        Market overview           14
  • 2.1.1    Benefits of Sustainable Construction            14
  • 2.1.2    Global Trends and Drivers     14
• 2.2        Global revenues           16
  • 2.2.1    By materials type         16
  • 2.2.2    By market         19

3             TYPES OF SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS     22

• 3.1        Established bio-based construction materials       22
• 3.2        Hemp-based Materials           24
  • 3.2.1    Hemp Concrete (Hempcrete)              25
  • 3.2.2    Hemp Fiberboard        25
  • 3.2.3    Hemp Insulation          25
• 3.3        Mycelium-based Materials   26
  • 3.3.1    Insulation         27
  • 3.3.2    Structural Elements  27
  • 3.3.3    Acoustic Panels           27
  • 3.3.4    Decorative Elements 28
• 3.4        Sustainable Concrete and Cement Alternatives     28
  • 3.4.1    Geopolymer Concrete              28
  • 3.4.2    Recycled Aggregate Concrete             29
  • 3.4.3    Lime-Based Materials              29
  • 3.4.4    Self-healing concrete                30
    • 3.4.4.1 Bioconcrete    31
    • 3.4.4.2 Fiber concrete               33
  • 3.4.5    Microalgae biocement             34
  • 3.4.6    Carbon-negative concrete     35
  • 3.4.7    Biomineral binders     36
  • 3.4.8    Clinker substitutes     37
  • 3.4.9    Other Alternative cementitious materials   38
• 3.5        Natural Fiber Composites     40
  • 3.5.1    Types of Natural Fibers            40
  • 3.5.2    Properties         40
  • 3.5.3    Applications in Construction              40
• 3.6        Cellulose nanofibers 41
  • 3.6.1    Sandwich composites             42
  • 3.6.2    Cement additives       42
  • 3.6.3    Pump primers                42
  • 3.6.4    Insulation materials  43
  • 3.6.5    Coatings and paints  43
  • 3.6.6    3D printing materials 44
• 3.7        Sustainable Insulation Materials      45
  • 3.7.1    Types of sustainable insulation materials   45
  • 3.7.2    Aerogel Insulation       45
    • 3.7.2.1 Silica aerogels               48
    • 3.7.2.2 Aerogel-like foam materials 59
    • 3.7.2.3 Metal oxide aerogels 60
    • 3.7.2.4 Organic aerogels         61
    • 3.7.2.5 Biobased and sustainable aerogels (bio-aerogels)               63
    • 3.7.2.6 Carbon aerogels          69
    • 3.7.2.7 Additive manufacturing (3D printing)             73
    • 3.7.2.8 Hybrid aerogels            75
• 3.8        Carbon capture and utilization          76
  • 3.8.1    Overview           76
  • 3.8.2    Market structure          79
  • 3.8.3    CCUS technologies in the cement industry               81
  • 3.8.4    Products           84
    • 3.8.4.1 Carbonated aggregates          84
    • 3.8.4.2 Additives during mixing           85
    • 3.8.4.3 Carbonates from natural minerals  86
    • 3.8.4.4 Carbonates from waste          86
  • 3.8.5    Concrete curing           88
  • 3.8.6    Costs  88
  • 3.8.7    Challenges      89
• 3.9        Green steel      90
  • 3.9.1    Current Steelmaking processes        90
  • 3.9.2    Decarbonization target and policies               92
    • 3.9.2.1 EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)            95
  • 3.9.3    Advances in clean production technologies             96
  • 3.9.4    Production technologies        96
    • 3.9.4.1 The role of hydrogen  96
    • 3.9.4.2 Comparative analysis              98
    • 3.9.4.3 Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)              99
    • 3.9.4.4 Electrolysis      100
    • 3.9.4.5 Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)  101
    • 3.9.4.6 Biochar replacing coke            103
    • 3.9.4.7 Hydrogen Blast Furnace         104
    • 3.9.4.8 Renewable energy powered processes        105
    • 3.9.4.9 Flash ironmaking        105
    • 3.9.4.10            Hydrogen Plasma Iron Ore Reduction           106
    • 3.9.4.11            Ferrous Bioprocessing            108
    • 3.9.4.12            Microwave Processing             108
    • 3.9.4.13            Additive Manufacturing          109
    • 3.9.4.14            Technology readiness level (TRL)      110
  • 3.9.5    Properties         110
• 3.10     Alternative Fuels for Cement Production    113
  • 3.10.1 Fuel switching for cement kilns         113
  • 3.10.2 Kiln electrification       115
  • 3.10.3 Solar power for cement production 117

4             MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS           119

• 4.1        Residential Buildings                121
• 4.2        Commercial and Office Buildings    122
• 4.3        Infrastructure 124

5             COMPANY PROFILES                127 (165 company profiles)

6             REFERENCES 267

List of Tables

• Table 1. Global trends and drivers in sustainable construction materials.            15
• Table 2. Global revenues in sustainable construction materials, by materials type, 2020-2035 (millions USD).  17
• Table 3. Global revenues in sustainable construction materials, by market, 2020-2035 (millions USD).                19
• Table 4. Established bio-based construction materials.   23
• Table 5. Types of self-healing concrete.        31
• Table 6. General properties and value of aerogels.               47
• Table 7. Key properties of silica aerogels.   49
• Table 8. Chemical precursors used to synthesize silica aerogels.              50
• Table 9. Commercially available aerogel-enhanced blankets.      54
• Table 10. Main manufacturers of silica aerogels and product offerings. 58
• Table 11. Typical structural properties of metal oxide aerogels.  60
• Table 12. Polymer aerogels companies.      63
• Table 13. Types of biobased aerogels.           64
• Table 14. Carbon aerogel companies.          71
• Table 15. Conversion pathway for CO2-derived building materials.          77
• Table 16. Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector          81
• Table 17. Carbonation of recycled concrete companies. 87
• Table 18. Current and projected costs for some key CO2 utilization applications in the construction industry.            88
• Table 19. Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials.          89
• Table 20. Global Decarbonization Targets and Policies related to Green Steel.  92
• Table 21. Estimated cost for iron and steel industry under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).             95
• Table 22. Hydrogen-based steelmaking technologies.       97
• Table 23. Comparison of green steel production technologies.   98
• Table 24. Advantages and disadvantages of each potential hydrogen carrier.    99
• Table 25. CCUS in green steel production. 101
• Table 26. Biochar in steel and metal.             103
• Table 27. Hydrogen blast furnace schematic.          104
• Table 28. Applications of microwave processing in green steelmaking. 108
• Table 29. Applications of additive manufacturing (AM) in steelmaking.  109
• Table 30.  Technology readiness level (TRL) for key green steel production technologies.          110
• Table 31. Properties of Green steels.              110
• Table 32. Applications of green steel in the construction industry.            111

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global revenues in sustainable construction materials, by materials type, 2020-2035 (millions USD).  18
• Figure 2. Global revenues in sustainable construction materials, by market, 2020-2035 (millions USD).                21
• Figure 3. Luum Temple, constructed from Bamboo.            22
• Figure 4. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.         26
• Figure 5. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.       27
• Figure 6. Self-healing concrete test study with cracked concrete (left) and self-healed concrete after 28 days (right).     31
• Figure 7. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.     32
• Figure 8. Self-healing bio concrete. 33
• Figure 9. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.       35
• Figure 10. Classification of aerogels.             46
• Figure 11. Flower resting on a piece of silica aerogel suspended in mid air by the flame of a bunsen burner.                48
• Figure 12. Monolithic aerogel.            51
• Figure 13. Aerogel granules. 52
• Figure 14. Internal aerogel granule applications.   53
• Figure 15. 3D printed aerogels.          56
• Figure 16. Lignin-based aerogels.     67
• Figure 17. Fabrication routes for starch-based aerogels. 69
• Figure 18. Graphene aerogel.              73
• Figure 19. Schematic of CCUS in cement sector.  79
• Figure 20. Carbon8 Systems’ ACT process.               84
• Figure 21. CO2 utilization in the Carbon Cure process.     85
• Figure 22. Share of (a) production, (b) energy consumption and (c) CO2 emissions from different steel making routes.              91
• Figure 23. Transition to hydrogen-based production.          91
• Figure 24. CO2 emissions from steelmaking (tCO2/ton crude steel).       92
• Figure 25. CO2 emissions of different process routes for liquid steel.     95
• Figure 26. Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) process.  99
• Figure 27. Molten oxide electrolysis process.           101
• Figure 28. Steelmaking with CCS.    103
• Figure 29. Flash ironmaking process.            106
• Figure 30. Hydrogen Plasma Iron Ore Reduction process.               107
• Figure 31. Aizawa self-healing concrete.      130
• Figure 32. ArcelorMittal decarbonization strategy.                144
• Figure 33. Thermal Conductivity Performance of ArmaGel HT.     147
• Figure 34. SLENTEX® roll (piece).      150
• Figure 35. Biozeroc Biocement.         154
• Figure 36. Carbon Re’s DeltaZero dashboard.         168
• Figure 37. Neustark modular plant. 217
• Figure 38. HIP AERO paint.   226
• Figure 39. Sunthru Aerogel pane.     241
• Figure 40. Quartzene®.             243
• Figure 41. Schematic of HyREX technology.              249
• Figure 42. EAF Quantum.       251
• Figure 43. CNF insulation flat plates.             254

The Global Market for Bio-based and Sustainable Construction 2025-2035

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