What is it?
4D printing combines the principles of 3D printing with smart materials that can change shape, properties, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli. This adds a fourth dimension – time – to traditional 3D printing, allowing for the creation of dynamic, adaptive, and self-transforming structures.
Why is it important?
4D printing enables objects that can change functionality or properties over time, allowing for more adaptive systems. 4D-printed objects can self-assemble into complex structures or self-repair when damaged, reducing the need for manual intervention. By programming the desired transformation into the material, 4D printing can simplify mechanical systems and eliminate the need for additional components.
What industries will it impact?
Aerospace and automotive, Biomedical and healthcare, Robotics and soft robotics, Construction and architecture, Fashion and textiles, Packaging and logistics, Energy and environmental systems.
Market players
HP, Stratasys, Optomec, Markforged . Mainly players from the broader