Published October 2021 | 330 pages, 56 tables, 66 figures | Table of contents
Global plastics production totaled 368 million metric tons in 2019. Apart from the environmental problems associated with extracting the non-renewable resource, nearly 80 million tonnes of plastics end up in landfills. Bioplastics and biopolymers are a biodegradable and natural alternative.
Polymeric biomaterials are biobased products that allow for greater product sustainability due to their biodegradability and renewability. Their use is attractive as bioplastics that biodegrade to CO2 and H2O mitigate the negative effects of standard plastic (litter and damage to aqua environments). Renewable feedstocks can be utilized instead of petroleum, thereby reducing global dependence on crude oil and lessening the impact on climate.
The sky rocketing price of petroleum coupled with global environmental concerns, and continued population growth is pushing the plastic industries towards sustainability. Growing government regulatory restrictions, consumers’ desire and energy conservation are some of the key factors that drive research and proudcet development towards renewable resource-based polymeric biomaterials. The performance of bioplastics is also improving and range of applications expanding.
Bioplastics are defined as 'biobased and/or biodegradable plastics', a globally accepted definition. Not all bioplastics are biobased and if referring to the plastic problem of non-biodegradability, not all bioplastics are biodegradable. Biobased is based upon the carbon source while biodegradability upon chemical structure.
These include:
- Biobased plastics that are not necessarily biodegradable (including conventional polymers, e.g. PE, made from biobased monomers.
- Plastics containing both petro-based and bio-based components, e.g. PET, not necessarily biodegradable.
- Biodegradable or compostable plastics derived from biobased materials, such as starch, cellulose, polylactides or polyhydroxyalkaboates.
- Biodegradable petroleum-based plastics, e.g. PBAT.
This report covers:
- Analysis of non-biodegradable bio-based plastics and biodegradable plastics and polymers.
- Global production capacities, market demand and trends
- Analysis of synthetic biopolymers market including Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA), Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET), Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT), Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF), Polyamides (Bio-PA), Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT), Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers, Polyethylene (Bio-PE), Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
- Analysis of naturally produced bio-based polymers including Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polysaccharides, Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), Cellulose nanocrystals, Cellulose nanofibers, Protein-based bioplastics, Algal and fungal.
- Market segmentation analysis. Markets analysed include packaging, consumer goods, automotive, building & construction, textiles, electronics, agriculture & horticulture.
- More than 300 companies profiled including products and production capacities. Companies profiled include major producers such as NatureWorks, Total Corbion, Danimer Scientific, Novamont, Mitsubishi Chemicals, Indorama, Braskem, Avantium, Borealis, Cathay, Dupont, BASF, Arkema, DuPont, BASF and many more. Profiles include products and production capacities.
- Profiles of start-up producers and product developers including AMSilk GmbH, Notpla, Loliware, Bolt Threads, Ecovative, Kraig Biocraft Laboratories Spiber and many more.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 18
- 1.1 Market trends 19
- 1.2 Global production to 2030 20
- 1.3 Main producers and global production capacities 22
- 1.3.1 Producers 22
- 1.3.2 By biobased and sustainable plastic type 23
- 1.3.3 By region 27
- 1.4 Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics 2020, by market 29
- 1.5 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the bioplastics market and future demand 32
- 1.6 Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market 32
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 34
3 THE GLOBAL PLASTICS MARKET 35
- 3.1 Global production 35
- 3.2 The importance of plastic 35
- 3.3 Issues with plastics use 36
4 BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOPLASTICS 37
- 4.1 Bio-based or renewable plastics 37
- 4.1.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics 37
- 4.1.2 Novel bio-based plastics 38
- 4.2 Biodegradable and compostable plastics 39
- 4.2.1 Biodegradability 39
- 4.2.2 Compostability 40
- 4.3 Advantages and disadvantages 40
- 4.4 Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics 41
- 4.5 Market leaders by biobased and/or biodegradable plastic types 43
- 4.6 SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS 44
- 4.6.1 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) 44
- 4.6.1.1 Market analysis 44
- 4.6.1.2 Producers 46
- 4.6.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) 47
- 4.6.2.1 Market analysis 47
- 4.6.2.2 Producers 48
- 4.6.3 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT) 48
- 4.6.3.1 Market analysis 48
- 4.6.3.2 Producers 49
- 4.6.4 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) 49
- 4.6.4.1 Market analysis 50
- 4.6.4.2 Comparative properties to PET 51
- 4.6.4.3 Producers 51
- 4.6.5 Polyamides (Bio-PA) 52
- 4.6.5.1 Market analysis 52
- 4.6.5.2 Producers 53
- 4.6.6 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) 54
- 4.6.6.1 Market analysis 54
- 4.6.6.2 Producers 54
- 4.6.7 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers 55
- 4.6.7.1 Market analysis 56
- 4.6.7.2 Producers 56
- 4.6.8 Polyethylene (Bio-PE) 57
- 4.6.8.1 Market analysis 57
- 4.6.8.2 Producers 57
- 4.6.9 Polypropylene (Bio-PP) 58
- 4.6.9.1 Market analysis 58
- 4.6.9.2 Producers 58
- 4.6.1 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) 44
- 4.7 NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS 59
- 4.7.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) 59
- 4.7.1.1 Types 61
- 4.7.1.2 Market analysis 63
- 4.7.1.3 Commercially available PHAs 64
- 4.7.1.4 Markets for PHAs 65
- 4.7.1.5 Producers 67
- 4.7.2 Polysaccharides 68
- 4.7.2.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 68
- 4.7.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals 69
- 4.7.2.3 Cellulose nanofibers 71
- 4.7.3 Protein-based bioplastics 74
- 4.7.3.1 Types, applications and producers 74
- 4.7.4 Algal and fungal 76
- 4.7.4.1 Algal 76
- 4.7.4.2 Mycelium 78
- 4.7.5 Chitosan 81
- 4.7.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) 59
- 4.8 PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED AND SUSTAINABLE PLASTICS, BY REGION 82
- 4.8.1 North America 83
- 4.8.2 Europe 83
- 4.8.3 Asia-Pacific 84
- 4.8.3.1 China 84
- 4.8.3.2 Japan 84
- 4.8.3.3 Thailand 85
- 4.8.3.4 Indonesia 85
- 4.8.4 Latin America 86
- 4.9 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF BIOPLASTICS 87
- 4.9.1 Packaging 89
- 4.9.2 Consumer products 90
- 4.9.3 Automotive 91
- 4.9.4 Building & construction 92
- 4.9.5 Textiles 93
- 4.9.6 Electronics 94
- 4.9.7 Agriculture and horticulture 95
5 COMPANY PROFILES 97
- 5.1 9Fiber, Inc. 97
- 5.2 ADBioplastics 98
- 5.3 Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 98
- 5.4 AGRANA Staerke GmbH 99
- 5.5 Algix LLC 100
- 5.6 AlgiKnit 101
- 5.7 AMSilk GmbH 102
- 5.8 An Phát Bioplastics 102
- 5.9 Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd. 103
- 5.10 Anellotech, Inc. 104
- 5.11 Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd. 105
- 5.12 Applied Bioplastics 105
- 5.13 Aquafil S.p.A. 106
- 5.14 Aquapak Polymers Ltd 106
- 5.15 Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM) 107
- 5.16 Arctic Biomaterials Oy 108
- 5.17 Arkema S.A 109
- 5.18 Arlanxeo 109
- 5.19 Arrow Greentech 110
- 5.20 Arzeda Corp. 111
- 5.21 Attis Innovations, llc 112
- 5.22 AVA Biochem AG 112
- 5.23 Avantium B.V. 113
- 5.24 Avani Eco 114
- 5.25 Ayas Renewables Inc. 115
- 5.26 Azolla 115
- 5.27 BASF SE 116
- 5.28 BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd. 117
- 5.29 Bcomp ltd. 118
- 5.30 Bioextrax AB 119
- 5.31 Bio Fab NZ 119
- 5.32 BIO-FED 120
- 5.33 Biofibre GmbH 121
- 5.34 Biofine Technology, LLC 121
- 5.35 BioLogiQ, Inc. 122
- 5.36 Bioextrax AB 123
- 5.37 Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd. 124
- 5.38 Biome Bioplastics 125
- 5.39 BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG 125
- 5.40 Biofiber Tech Sweden AB 126
- 5.41 Bioplastech Ltd 127
- 5.42 Biotrem 127
- 5.43 BlockTexx Pty Ltd. 128
- 5.44 BluCon Biotech GmbH 128
- 5.45 Blue BioFuels, Inc. 129
- 5.46 Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd. 130
- 5.47 Bolt Threads 131
- 5.48 Borealis AG 131
- 5.48.1 Borregaard Chemcell 132
- 5.49 Bosk Bioproducts Inc. 133
- 5.50 B-PREG 134
- 5.51 Braskem SA 134
- 5.52 Bio Fab NZ 135
- 5.53 Carbiolice 136
- 5.54 Carbios 137
- 5.55 Cardia Bioplastics Ltd. 137
- 5.56 CARAPAC Company 138
- 5.57 Cargill 139
- 5.58 Catalyxx 139
- 5.59 Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd. 140
- 5.60 Celanese Corporation 140
- 5.61 Cellucomp Ltd. 141
- 5.62 Cellugy 142
- 5.63 Cellutech AB (Stora Enso) 143
- 5.64 CH-Bioforce Oy 144
- 5.65 Checkerspot, Inc. 144
- 5.66 Chempolis Oy 145
- 5.67 Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd. 146
- 5.68 Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd. 147
- 5.69 Circa Group 150
- 5.70 CJ CheilJedang Corporation 150
- 5.71 Corumat, Inc. 151
- 5.72 Clariant AG 151
- 5.73 Cristal Union Group 153
- 5.74 Cruz Foam 153
- 5.75 CuanTec Ltd. 154
- 5.76 Daicel Polymer Ltd. 155
- 5.77 Daio Paper Corporation 156
- 5.78 DAK Americas LLC 158
- 5.79 Danimer Scientific LLC 159
- 5.80 Diamond Green Diesel LLC 160
- 5.81 DIC Corporation 161
- 5.82 Dongying Hebang Chemical Corp. 161
- 5.83 Dow, Inc. 162
- 5.84 Royal DSM N.V 163
- 5.85 DuFor Resins B.V. 163
- 5.86 DuPont 164
- 5.87 DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Co., LLC 165
- 5.88 Eastman Chemical Ltd. Corporation 166
- 5.89 Ecoshell 167
- 5.90 Ecovia Renewables 167
- 5.91 Ecovative Design LLC 168
- 5.92 EggPlant Srl 169
- 5.93 EMS-Grivory 170
- 5.94 Eni S.p.A. 170
- 5.95 Eranova 171
- 5.96 Esbottle Oy 172
- 5.97 Evolved By Nature 173
- 5.98 Evonik Industries AG 174
- 5.99 Fairbrics 175
- 5.100 Far Eastern New Century Corporation 175
- 5.101 Fiberlean Technologies 176
- 5.102 Fiberight 177
- 5.103 FKuR Kunststoff GmbH 178
- 5.104 Floreon 179
- 5.105 Foamplant BV 180
- 5.106 Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC 180
- 5.107 Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF 181
- 5.108 Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd. 181
- 5.109 Full Cycle Bioplastics LLC 183
- 5.110 Futerro 184
- 5.111 Futuramat Sarl 184
- 5.112 Galatea Biotech Srl 185
- 5.113 Gen3Bio 186
- 5.114 Genecis Bioindustries, Inc. 186
- 5.115 Genomatica 187
- 5.116 Grabio Greentech Corporation 188
- 5.117 Granbio Technologies 188
- 5.118 Grupp MAIP 190
- 5.119 GS Alliance Co. Ltd 191
- 5.120 Guangzhou Bio-plus Materials Technology Co., Ltd. 192
- 5.121 Haldor Topsoe A/S 193
- 5.122 Hattori Shoten K.K. 193
- 5.123 Hebei Casda Biomaterials Co., Ltd. 194
- 5.124 Hebei Jiheng Chemical Co., Ltd. 195
- 5.125 Hebei Xinhua Lactic Acid Co. 195
- 5.126 Heilongjiang Chenneng Bioengineering Ltd. 196
- 5.127 Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd. 196
- 5.128 Henan Xinghan Biological Technology Co., Ltd. 197
- 5.129 Hengshui Jinghua Chemical Co., Ltd. 197
- 5.130 Hengli Petrochemical 198
- 5.131 Hokuetsu Toyo Fibre Co., Ltd. 199
- 5.132 Hubei Guangshui National Chemical Co., Ltd. 201
- 5.133 Humintech GmbH 202
- 5.134 Hunan Anhua Lactic Acid Co 202
- 5.135 India Glycols Ltd. 203
- 5.136 Indochine Bio Plastiques (ICBP) Sdn Bhd 203
- 5.137 Indorama Ventures Public Co. Ltd. 204
- 5.138 Inovyn 205
- 5.139 Inspidere B.V. 205
- 5.140 Ioniqa 206
- 5.141 Itaconix 206
- 5.142 Jiangsu Anpon Electrochemical Co., Ltd 207
- 5.143 Jiangsu Jinhe Hi-Tech Co., Ltd. 208
- 5.144 Jiangsu Senda Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. 208
- 5.145 Jiangsu Torise Biomaterials Co., Ltd 209
- 5.146 Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd. 210
- 5.147 Jiangsu Zhongzheng Biochemical Co., Ltd. 210
- 5.148 Jilin COFCO Biomaterial Corporation 211
- 5.149 JinHui ZhaoLang High Technology Co., Ltd. 211
- 5.150 Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG 213
- 5.151 Kaneka Corporation 213
- 5.152 Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd. 214
- 5.153 Kolon Industries, Inc. 215
- 5.154 Kraig Biocraft Laboratories 215
- 5.155 LAM’ON 216
- 5.156 Lactips S.A. 216
- 5.157 LCY Biosciences 217
- 5.158 Lean Orb 218
- 5.159 Lenzing AG 219
- 5.160 LEUNA-Harze GmbH 219
- 5.161 Lingrove, Inc. 220
- 5.162 Lixea Limited 221
- 5.163 Locus Fermentation Solutions 221
- 5.164 Loick Biowertstoff GmbH 222
- 5.165 Loliware LLC 222
- 5.166 LOTTE Chemical Corporation 223
- 5.167 LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V. 224
- 5.168 Made of Air GmbH 224
- 5.169 Mango Materials, Inc. 225
- 5.170 Marea 226
- 5.171 Marine Innovation Co., Ltd 227
- 5.172 MedPHA Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. 227
- 5.173 Meghmani Finechem Ltd. 228
- 5.174 Mercurius Biorefining Inc 228
- 5.175 METabolic EXplorer S.A. (METEX) 229
- 5.176 Metgen Oy 229
- 5.177 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation 230
- 5.178 Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH 231
- 5.179 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. 232
- 5.180 Mobius 233
- 5.181 Mogu S.r.l. 233
- 5.182 Multibax Public Co., Ltd. 234
- 5.183 Mura Technology Limited 235
- 5.184 Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd. 236
- 5.185 MYCL 236
- 5.186 MycoWorks 237
- 5.187 Nabaco, Inc. 238
- 5.188 Nafigate Corporation a.s. 239
- 5.189 Nanollose Ltd 240
- 5.190 Nantong Cellulose Fibers Co., Ltd 241
- 5.191 Nantong Jiuding Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. 242
- 5.192 NatPol 242
- 5.193 Natural Fiber Welding, Inc. 243
- 5.194 NatureWorks LLC 244
- 5.195 NefFa 244
- 5.196 Neste Oyj 245
- 5.197 Newlight Technologies LLC 246
- 5.198 New Zealand Natural Fibers (NZNF) 246
- 5.199 NEXE Innovations Inc. 247
- 5.200 Ningbo Huanyang Chemical Co., Ltd. 248
- 5.201 Ningbo Tianan Biologic Material 248
- 5.202 Nippon Paper Industries 249
- 5.203 Norske Skog AS 251
- 5.204 Northern Technologies International 251
- 5.205 Notpla 252
- 5.206 Novamont S.p.A. 253
- 5.207 Novomer 254
- 5.208 NUREL S.A. 254
- 5.209 Nxtlevvel 255
- 5.210 Oakbio, Inc. 256
- 5.211 Oimo 257
- 5.212 Oleon N.V. 258
- 5.213 Oji Paper Company 258
- 5.214 Origin Materials 262
- 5.215 Paques Biomaterials 263
- 5.216 PHABuilder 263
- 5.217 PHB Industrial S.A. 264
- 5.218 Photanol B.V. 264
- 5.219 Plafco Fibertech Oy 265
- 5.220 Plantic Technologies Ltd. 266
- 5.221 Plantics B.V. 267
- 5.222 Polaris Renewables LLC 267
- 5.223 Polyferm 268
- 5.224 Pond Biomaterials 268
- 5.225 PT Intera Lestari Polimer 269
- 5.226 PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd. 270
- 5.227 Qnature UG 270
- 5.228 Radical Plastics 271
- 5.229 Radici Group 272
- 5.230 Red Avenue New Materials Group Co., Ltd. 273
- 5.231 RenCom AB 273
- 5.232 Relement BV 274
- 5.233 Ripro Corporation 275
- 5.234 Rodenburg Biopolymers B.V. 275
- 5.235 Roquette S.A. 276
- 5.236 RWDC Industries 276
- 5.237 Samyang Corporation 278
- 5.238 Saphium Biotechnology GMBH 278
- 5.239 Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC) 279
- 5.240 Sebacic Oman SAOC 279
- 5.241 Seevix Material Sciences Ltd. 280
- 5.242 Sebiplast s.r.l. 281
- 5.243 S-EnPol Co., Ltd. 281
- 5.244 Seiko PMC Corporation 282
- 5.245 Shandong Baisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 283
- 5.246 Shandong Fuwin New Material Co., Ltd. 284
- 5.247 Shandong Landian Biological Technology Co., Ltd. 284
- 5.248 Shandong Minji Chemical Co., Ltd. 285
- 5.249 Shandong Siqiang Chemical Group Co., Ltd. 286
- 5.250 Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Co., Ltd. 286
- 5.251 Shanxi Leda Biochemical Co., Ltd. 287
- 5.252 Shanxi Zhengang Chemical Co., Ltd. 287
- 5.253 Shenghong Group 288
- 5.254 Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 288
- 5.255 Shenzhen Esun Industrial Co., Ltd. 289
- 5.256 SK Chemicals Co., Ltd. 290
- 5.257 Smartfiber AG 290
- 5.258 Solvay SA 292
- 5.259 Soma Bioworks/White Lemur Co. 292
- 5.260 Spectrus Sustainable Solutions Pvt Ltd 293
- 5.261 Spiber, Inc. 294
- 5.262 Spidey Tek 294
- 5.263 Spolchemie 296
- 5.264 Stora Enso Oyj 296
- 5.265 Sulapac Oy 297
- 5.266 Sulzer Chemtech AG 298
- 5.267 Sunar Misir 299
- 5.268 SUPLA Bioplastics 300
- 5.269 TAIF-NK 301
- 5.270 Tanin sevnica kemicna industrija 301
- 5.271 TBM Co., Ltd. 302
- 5.272 TECNARO GmbH 302
- 5.273 TechnipFMC 304
- 5.274 Teijin Ltd 304
- 5.275 TerraVerdae BioWorks Inc 305
- 5.276 Teysha Technologies Limited 306
- 5.277 thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG 307
- 5.278 Tianan Biologic Material Co., Ltd. 308
- 5.279 Tianjin GreenBio Materials Co., Ltd 308
- 5.280 Tianxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 309
- 5.281 Tômtex 310
- 5.282 Tongliao Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 310
- 5.283 Toray Industries, Inc. 311
- 5.284 Total Corbion PLA 311
- 5.285 Toyobo Co., Ltd. 312
- 5.286 Treemera GmbH 313
- 5.287 TripleW 314
- 5.288 UBQ Materials 314
- 5.289 Uluu 315
- 5.290 Unitika Ltd. 315
- 5.291 UPM-Kymmene Oyj 316
- 5.292 VEnvirotech Biotechnology SL 317
- 5.293 Virent Inc. 317
- 5.294 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd 318
- 5.295 Vynova 319
- 5.296 WeylChem International GmbH 320
- 5.297 Woodly Ltd. 320
- 5.298 Wuhan Sanjiang Space Good Biotech Co., Ltd. 321
- 5.299 Xampla 321
- 5.300 Xinjiang Lanshan Tunhe 322
- 5.301 Zhangjiagang Glory Chemical Industry Co., Ltd 322
- 5.302 Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 323
- 5.303 Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd. 323
- 5.304 Zhejiang Youcheng New Materials Co., Ltd 324
6 REFERENCES 327
Tables
- Table 1. Market drivers and trends in biobased and sustainable plastics. 19
- Table 2. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons. 20
- Table 3. Global production capacities, by producers. 22
- Table 4. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons. 23
- Table 5. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2025, by region, tons. 27
- Table 6. Issues related to the use of plastics. 36
- Table 7. Type of biodegradation. 40
- Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics. 40
- Table 9. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications. 41
- Table 10. Market leader by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types. 43
- Table 11. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis. 44
- Table 12. Lactic acid producers and production capacities. 46
- Table 13. PLA producers and production capacities. 46
- Table 14. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis. 47
- Table 15. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers. 48
- Table 16. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis. 48
- Table 17. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers. 49
- Table 18. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis. 50
- Table 19. PEF vs. PET. 51
- Table 20. FDCA and PEF producers. 51
- Table 21. Bio-based polyamides (Bio-PA) market analysis. 52
- Table 22. Leading Bio-PA producers production capacities. 53
- Table 23. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) market analysis. 54
- Table 24. Leading PBAT producers, production capacities and brands. 54
- Table 25. Bio-PBS market analysis. 56
- Table 26. Leading PBS producers and production capacities. 56
- Table 27. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis. 57
- Table 28. Leading Bio-PE producers. 57
- Table 29. Bio-PP market analysis. 58
- Table 30. Leading Bio-PP producers and capacities. 58
- Table 31.Types of PHAs and properties. 62
- Table 32. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis. 63
- Table 33. Commercially available PHAs. 64
- Table 34. Markets and applications for PHAs. 66
- Table 35. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producers. 67
- Table 36. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis. 68
- Table 37. Leading MFC producers and capacities. 69
- Table 38. Cellulose nanocrystals analysis. 69
- Table 39: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer. 71
- Table 40. Cellulose nanofibers market analysis. 71
- Table 41. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tonnes. 73
- Table 42. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 74
- Table 43. Types of algal and fungal based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 76
- Table 44. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 76
- Table 45. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics. 78
- Table 46. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications. 78
- Table 47. Companies developing mycelium-based bioplastics. 81
- Table 48. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications. 81
- Table 49. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2025, by region, tons. 82
- Table 50. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in North America. 83
- Table 51. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Europe. 84
- Table 52. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Asia-Pacific. 85
- Table 53. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Latin America. 86
- Table 54. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes. 190
- Table 55. Lactips plastic pellets. 217
- Table 56. Oji Holdings CNF products. 262
Figures
- Figure 1. Total global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics, all types, 000 tons. 19
- Figure 2. Global production capacities of bioplastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons by biodegradable/non-biodegradable types. 21
- Figure 3. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons. 25
- Figure 4. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2019-2025, by type. 25
- Figure 5. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2030, by type. 26
- Figure 6. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2020. 27
- Figure 7. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2025. 28
- Figure 8. Current and future applications of biobased and sustainable plastics. 29
- Figure 9. Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market, 2020. 30
- Figure 10. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019-2030, tons. 32
- Figure 11. Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market. 32
- Figure 12. Global plastics production 1950-2018, millions of tons. 35
- Figure 13. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®. 38
- Figure 14. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics. 38
- Figure 15. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to 2025. 52
- Figure 16. PHA family. 62
- Figure 17. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix. 77
- Figure 18. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam. 80
- Figure 19. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials. 80
- Figure 20. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2020. 82
- Figure 21. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2025. 83
- Figure 22. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019, 1,000 tons. 87
- Figure 23. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2020, 1,000 tons. 88
- Figure 24. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2030 89
- Figure 25. PHA bioplastics products. 89
- Figure 26. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in packaging 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 90
- Figure 27. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in consumer products 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 91
- Figure 28. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in automotive 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 92
- Figure 29. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in building and construction 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 93
- Figure 30. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in textiles 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 94
- Figure 31. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in electronics 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 95
- Figure 32. Biodegradable mulch films. 96
- Figure 33. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in agriculture 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons. 96
- Figure 34. Algiknit yarn. 101
- Figure 35. Bio-PA rear bumper stay. 117
- Figure 36. formicobio™ technology. 146
- Figure 37. nanoforest-S. 148
- Figure 38. nanoforest-PDP. 148
- Figure 39. nanoforest-MB. 149
- Figure 40. CuanSave film. 155
- Figure 41. ELLEX products. 157
- Figure 42. CNF-reinforced PP compounds. 158
- Figure 43. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 158
- Figure 44. Mushroom leather. 169
- Figure 45. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE). 183
- Figure 46. PHA production process. 184
- Figure 47. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials. 192
- Figure 48. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer). 195
- Figure 49. CNF gel. 200
- Figure 50. Block nanocellulose material. 201
- Figure 51. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu. 202
- Figure 52. Made of Air's HexChar panels. 225
- Figure 53. IPA synthesis method. 233
- Figure 54. MOGU-Wave panels. 235
- Figure 55. Reishi. 239
- Figure 56. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers. 252
- Figure 57. Compostable water pod. 254
- Figure 58. CNF clear sheets. 262
- Figure 59. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product. 263
- Figure 60. Manufacturing process for STARCEL. 284
- Figure 61. Lyocell process. 293
- Figure 62. Spider silk production. 297
- Figure 63. Sulapac cosmetics containers. 300
- Figure 64. Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing. 301
- Figure 65. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles. 307
- Figure 66. Corbion FDCA production process. 314
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