The Global Market for Advanced Displays 2021-2031 - Nanotechnology Market Research

Flexible & rollable displays, automotive displays and lighting, smart glasses & VR/AR/MR, quantum dot displays, microLEDs, OLEDs, Artificial Intelligence

Published July 2021 | 490 pages, 138 figures, 50 tables | Table of contents

The Global Market for Advanced Displays 2021-2031 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the global advanced displays technologies market and applications in a range of devices, from foldable smartphone displays to digital signage.

Markets and technologies covered in-depth include flexible & rollable displays, automotive displays and lighting, smart glasses & VR/AR/MR, quantum dot displays, digital signage, microLEDs, OLEDs, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in displays.

Report contents include:

Current state of the art and products.
Recent industry developments and trends.
Global revenues by market, 2018-2031.
Profiles of over 330 product developers from SMEs to multi-national electronics companies. Companies profiled include Keiron Printing Technologies, CHASM Advanced Materials, Tianma, Dexerials Corporation, AU Optronics Corp. VueReal Inc, Flexbright Oy, Samsung, Seoul Semiconductor/Seoul Viosys Co., Ltd., Dispelix Oy, SCHOTT, kBOE Display Technology Co., Ltd., Etulipa, FRONICS, iBeam Materials, eMagin, QustomDot, Cynora and OTI Lumionics.

1 REPORT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 29

2 DISPLAY INDUSTRY-MARKET STATUS AND OUTLOOK 30

3 FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED DISPLAYS 32

3.1 Current state of the art 32
- 3.1.1 Printed OLEDs 33
- 3.1.2 Flexible and printed circuit boards and interconnects 34
- 3.1.3 Flexible and printed transistors 35
3.2 OTFT materials for LCD and electrophoretic displays 37
3.3 Foldable and rollable smartphones 38
3.4 Foldable and rollable displays 40
3.5 OLCD Glass-Free Flexible Displays 42
3.6 Flexible lighting 45
3.7 Flexible electrophoretic displays 47
3.8 Outdoor displays and signage 48
- 3.8.1 Reflective Displays 48
- 3.8.2 Energy harvesting 49
3.9 Electrowetting displays 51
3.10 Electrochromic displays 52
- 3.10.1.1 Inorganic metal oxides 53
- 3.10.1.2 Organic EC materials 53
- 3.10.1.3 Nanomaterials 53
3.11 Flexible organic liquid crystal displays 54
- 3.11.1 Red Perovskite Emitters 55
3.12 Global market revenues 2018-2031 55
3.13 Company profiles 58

4 AUTOMOTIVE DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING 101

4.1 Electric vehicles 102
4.2 Interior displays and lighting 106
- 4.2.1 OLED and flexible displays 107
- 4.2.2 Transparent OLEDs 108
4.3 Exterior displays and lighting 109
4.4 Global market revenues 2018-2031 (Millions USD) 110
4.5 Company profiles 112

5 SMART GLASSES AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS (VR, AR, MR, vision loss and eye trackers) 137

5.1 Products 137
5.2 Virtual Reality (VR) devices 141
5.3 Augmented (AR) headsets and smart glasses 141
5.4 Mixed Reality (MR) smart glasses 142
5.5 Global market size 143
5.6 Company profiles 144

6 QUANTUM DOTS IN ADVANCED DISPLAYS 204

6.1 Properties 205
6.2 Synthesis 207
6.3 Types 208
- 6.3.1 Cadmium Selenide, Cadmium Sulfide and other materials 208
- 6.3.2 Cadmium free quantum dots 209
- 6.3.3 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) 209
  - 6.3.3.1 Properties 209
  - 6.3.3.2 Synthesis 210
  - 6.3.3.3 Applications in advanced displays 211
- 6.3.4 Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) 213
  - 6.3.4.1 Properties 213
  - 6.3.4.2 Comparison to conventional quantum dots 214
  - 6.3.4.3 Synthesis methods 215
  - 6.3.4.4 Applications in advanced displays 215
- 6.4 Quantum dots in advanced displays 218
6.4.1 LCDS vs. OLEDs vs. QD-LCDs/QLEDs 218
- 6.4.1.1 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) 218
6.4.2 QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs 220
6.4.3 Quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) for current QLEDs 224
6.4.4 Quantum Dot on Glass (QDOG) 224
6.4.5 Quantum dot colour filters 225
6.4.6 Quantum dots on-chip 227
6.4.7 Electroluminescent quantum dots 227
- 6.4.7.1 QD-Micro-LEDs 228
6.4.8 Flexible QD displays 230
- 6.4.8.1 Flexible QLEDs 231
6.4.9 Transparent QD displays 232
6.4.10 Samsung QD Display 233
6.4.11 LG's "QNED" LCD TVs 234
6.5 Global market for quantum dots in TVs and displays 234
- 6.5.1 QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031 235
- 6.5.2 QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2031 237
6.6 Company profiles 240

7 MICROLEDS 315

7.1 The MiniLED market 315
7.2 The MicroLED market 316
7.3 The Global display market 316
- 7.3.1 Display technologies assessment 317
7.4 Motivation for use of MicroLEDs 319
7.5 MicroLEDs applications 320
7.6 Market and technology challenges 322
7.7 Industry developments 2020-2021 324
7.8 CES 2021 326
7.9 Market activity in China 327
7.10 Global shipment forecasts for MicroLEDs 328
- 7.10.1 Units 328
- 7.10.2 TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING ANALYSIS 330
  - 7.10.2.1 MiniLED (mLED) vs MicroLED (µLED) 330
7.11 Development 331
- 7.11.1 Sony 332
7.12 Types 333
7.13 Comparison to LCD and OLED 333
7.14 MicroLED displays 335
7.15 Advantages 336
- 7.15.1 Transparency 337
- 7.15.2 Borderless 338
- 7.15.3 Flexibility 338
7.16 Costs 338
7.17 Manufacturing 339
- 7.17.1 Epitaxy and Chip Processing 340
  - 7.17.1.1 Uniformity 340
- 7.17.2 Assembly Technologies 341
  - 7.17.2.1 Monolithic fabrication of microdisplays 341
  - 7.17.2.2 Mass transfer 342
  - 7.17.2.3 Mass Transfer Processes 344
    - 7.17.2.3.1 Elastomer Stamp Transfer 345
    - 7.17.2.3.2 Roll-to-Roll or Roll-to-Panel Imprinting 346
    - 7.17.2.3.3 Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) 347
    - 7.17.2.3.4 Electrostatic Transfer 348
    - 7.17.2.3.5 Micro vacuum-based transfer 349
    - 7.17.2.3.6 Adhesive Stamp 349
    - 7.17.2.3.7 Fluidically Self-Assembled Transfer 349
- 7.17.3 Full colour conversion 350
  - 7.17.3.1 Phosphor Colour Conversion LEDs 352
  - 7.17.3.2 Quantum dots colour conversion 353
7.18 MICROLED TVs 354
- 7.18.1 The market in 2021 354
  - 7.18.1.1 Comparison of microLED to other LED TV technologies 354
- 7.18.2 Samsung 355
  - 7.18.2.1 Wall display and microLED TV 355
- 7.18.3 LG 355
  - 7.18.3.1 MAGNIT MicroLED TV 355
- 7.18.4 Unit shipments 2020-2027 356
7.19 MICROLED SMARTWATCHES AND WEARABLES 358
- 7.19.1 Products and prototypes 358
- 7.19.2 Unit shipments 2020-2027 359
7.20 MICROLED SMARTPHONES 360
7.21 MICROLED FLEXIBLE, STRETCHABLE AND FOLDABLE DISPLAYS 361
- 7.21.1 Foldable microLED displays 362
- 7.21.2 Product developers 363
7.22 MICROLED BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL DISPLAYS 364
- 7.22.1 Applications 364
- 7.22.2 Product developers 365
7.23 MICROLED AUTOMOTIVE DISPLAYS 366
- 7.23.1 Applications 366
- 7.23.2 Head-up display (HUD) 369
- 7.23.3 Headlamps 370
- 7.23.4 Product developers 371
7.24 MICROLED VIRTUAL (VR) AND AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) 372
- 7.24.1 Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs) 372
- 7.24.2 Product developers 373
7.25 MICROLED TRANSPARENT DISPLAYS 374
- 7.25.1 Applications 374
- 7.25.2 Product developers 375
7.26 Company profiles 377

8 ADVANCED OLEDs 448

8.1 OLED compared to LCD 448
8.2 Flexible AMOLEDs 448
8.3 Flexible PMOLED (Passive Matrix OLED) 450
8.4 Fluorescent OLED materials 453
8.5 Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLED) 455
8.6 OLED displays with Artificial Intelligence (AI) 456
8.7 TADF 457
8.8 Printed OLED displays 458
8.9 Transparent OLED display 461
8.10 Global market revenues 2018-2031 (Millions USD) 462
8.11 Company profiles 462

9 REFERENCES 479

Tables

Table 1. Flexible and printed displays products. 32
Table 2. Applications in flexible and stretchable circuit boards, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 34
Table 3. Foldable display products and prototypes. 37
Table 4. Companies developing transparent display products. 43
Table 5. Types of electrochromic materials and applications. 52
Table 6. Companies developing curved automotive displays. 101
Table 7. Smart glasses companies and products. 137
Table 8. VR headset products. 141
Table 9. Augmented reality (AR) smart glass products. 142
Table 10. Mixed Reality (MR) smart glass products. 143
Table 11: Chemical synthesis of quantum dots. 207
Table 12: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 210
Table 13. Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs. 214
Table 14. Development roadmap for perovskite QDs. 216
Table 15. Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED. 217
Table 16: Advantages and disadvantages of LCDs, OLEDs and QDs. 219
Table 17: Typical approaches for integrating QDs into displays. 222
Table 18: Current and planned Quantum Dot TVs by manufacturer, availability, size range and price range. 223
Table 19: QD colour filter options and advantages. 225
Table 20: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, conservative and optimistic estimate for QDEF film and Non-QDEF film. 236
Table 21. Summary of display technologies. 318
Table 22. MicroLED applications. 320
Table 23. Market and technology challenges for microLED. 322
Table 24. Micro and MicroLED industry developments 2020-2021. 324
Table 25. MiniLED and microLED product announcements at CES 2021. 326
Table 26. MicroLED acivity in China. 327
Table 27. MicroLED display forecast (thousands of units) to 2027. 328
Table 28. Comparison between miniLED and microLED. 331
Table 29. Comparison of MicroLEDs to conventional LEDs. 332
Table 30. Types of microLED. 333
Table 31. Comparison to LCD and OLED. 334
Table 32. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED. 335
Table 33. Commercially available microLED products and specifications. 335
Table 34. microLED-based display advantages and disadvantages. 336
Table 35. Mass transfer methods, by company. 343
Table 36. Comparison of various mass transfer technologies. 344
Table 37. Comparison of LED TV technologies. 354
Table 38. Flexible, stretchable and foldable miniLED and MicroLED products. 363
Table 39. Medical display MicroLED products. 365
Table 40. Automotive display & backlight architectures 366
Table 41. Applications of microLED in automotive. 367
Table 42. Automotive display MicroLED products and prototypes. 371
Table 43. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines. 372
Table 44. VR and AR MicroLED products. 373
Table 45. Applications of miniLED and microLED transparent displays. 374
Table 46. Companies developing MicroLED transparent displays. 375
Table 47. LG mini QNED range 413
Table 48. Samsung Neo QLED TV range. 429
Table 49. San’an Mini and Micro LED Production annual target. 430
Table 50. NPQDTM vs Traditional QD based Micro-LEDs. 432

Figures

Figure 1. Thin film transistor incorporating SWCNTs. 35
Figure 2. LG Signature OLED TV R. 36
Figure 3. Flexible display. 36
Figure 4. Rollable display producers and products. 39
Figure 5. LG Display transparent OLED touch display. 43
Figure 6. Transparent display in subway carriage window. 43
Figure 7. LG OLED flexible lighting panel. 45
Figure 8. Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight. 45
Figure 9. LECTUM® display. 47
Figure 10. Argil electrochromic film integrated with polycarbonate lenses. 54
Figure 11. Organic LCD with a 10-mm bend radius. 55
Figure 12. Global flexible and printed displays market revenues, 2017-2031 (billion $). 56
Figure 13. Global flexible and printed displays market revenues, 2017-2031 (billion $). 57
Figure 14. 1.39-inch full-circle microLED display 61
Figure 15. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 62
Figure 16. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix. 64
Figure 17. Flexible microLED. 76
Figure 18. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display. 80
Figure 19. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 90
Figure 20. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display. 90
Figure 21. Micro-LED stretchable display. 92
Figure 22. TCL phone and tablet concepts. 96
Figure 23. 7.56” Transparent Display. 98
Figure 24. Mercedes-Benz’s Hyperscreen. 106
Figure 25. LG OLED Car Infotainment Demo. 108
Figure 26. BOE Side Window Dimming Concept. 109
Figure 27. Global market revenues for advanced displays in automotive, 2018-2031 (Million USD). 110
Figure 28. Global market for flexible and printed electronics in the automotive sector, revenues (millions USD) by applications. 111
Figure 29. Vuzix Blade. 141
Figure 30. NReal Light MR smart glasses. 143
Figure 31. Global market revenues for smart glasses and head-mounted displays (VR, AR, MR) 144
Figure 32: Quantum dot schematic. 205
Figure 33. Quantum dot size and colour. 206
Figure 34: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 210
Figure 35: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 212
Figure 36: Graphene quantum dots. 212
Figure 37. A pQLED device structure. 214
Figure 38: Perovskite quantum dots under UV light. 217
Figure 39: QD-TVsupply chain. 219
Figure 40: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic. 221
Figure 41. Quantum dot film schematic. 224
Figure 42: Quantum Dots on Glass schematic. 225
Figure 43: Samsung 8K 65" QD Glass. 225
Figure 44: QD/OLED hybrid schematic. 227
Figure 45: Electroluminescent quantum dots schematic. 228
Figure 46: The Wall microLED display. 229
Figure 47: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots. 229
Figure 48: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi). 230
Figure 49: Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries. 231
Figure 50: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots. 232
Figure 51. Schematic of QD-OLED hybrid. 233
Figure 52: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, conservative estimates. 235
Figure 53: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2031, optimistic estimates. 236
Figure 54: QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2031. 238
Figure 55: InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 242
Figure 56. AU 85" bezel-less quantum dot TV. 248
Figure 57: InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 262
Figure 58: Quantum dots tag on plastic bottle. 265
Figure 59. QDSSC Module. 271
Figure 60: Quantum dot sheet. 284
Figure 61. SQ dots production process. 302
Figure 62. Infrared QD sensor company. 305
Figure 63. CQD™ photodiode schematic 306
Figure 64. TCL QLED TVs. 307
Figure 65. The progress of display technology-LCD to MicroLED. 319
Figure 66. MicroLED display forecast (thousands of units) to 2027. 329
Figure 67. Display system configurations. 330
Figure 68. MicroLED schematic. 331
Figure 69. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019. 333
Figure 70. Comparison of microLED with other display technologies. 336
Figure 71. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent microLED display. 337
Figure 72. Transition to borderless design. 338
Figure 73. Schematics of a elastomer stamping, b electrostatic/electromagnetic transfer, c laser-assisted transfer and d fluid self-assembly. 345
Figure 74. Schematics of Roll-based mass transfer. 347
Figure 75. Schematic of laser-induced forward transfer technology. 348
Figure 76. Schematic of fluid self-assembly technology. 350
Figure 77. Schematic of colour conversion technology. 351
Figure 78. Process flow of a full-colour microdisplay. 352
Figure 79. Samsung Wall display system. 355
Figure 80. LG MAGNIT MicroLED TV. 356
Figure 81. MicroLED display forecast for TVs (thousands of units) to 2027. 357
Figure 82. microLED wearable display prototype. 358
Figure 83. APHAEA Watch. 358
Figure 84. MicroLED display forecast for smart watches (thousands of units) to 2027. 359
Figure 85. AU Optonics Flexible MicroLED Display. 361
Figure 86. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level microLED transferring. 362
Figure 87. Foldable 4K C SEED M1. 362
Figure 88. MicroLEDs for medical applications 364
Figure 89. MicroLED automotive display. 367
Figure 90. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD. 369
Figure 91. Rear lamp utilizing flexible MicroLEDs. 370
Figure 92. Vuzix microLED microdisplay Smart Glasses. 373
Figure 93. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations. 375
Figure 94. 7.56" high transparency & frameless MicroLED display. 375
Figure 95. WireLED in 12” Silicon Wafer. 378
Figure 96. Typical GaN-on-Si LED structure. 379
Figure 97. 300 mm GaN-on-silicon epiwafer. 380
Figure 98. MicroLED chiplet architecture. 381
Figure 99. 1.39-inch full-circle microLED display 382
Figure 100. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 383
Figure 101. BOE MiniLED display TV. 384
Figure 102. BOE miniLED automotive display. 385
Figure 103. Image obtained on a blue active-matrix WVGA (wide video graphics array) microdisplay. 386
Figure 104. Fabrication of the 10-µm pixel pitch LED array on sapphire. 387
Figure 105. A 200-mm wafer with CMOS active matrices for GaN 873 × 500-pixel microdisplay at 10-µm pitch. 387
Figure 106. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26″ 1080p microLED display. 388
Figure 107. C Seed 165-inch M1 microLED TV. 390
Figure 108. Flexible microLED. 402
Figure 109. Jade Bird Display microdisplays. 403
Figure 110. JBD's 0.13-inch panel. 404
Figure 111. Prototype microLED display. 405
Figure 112. APHAEA MicroLED watch. 406
Figure 113. Lextar 2021 micro LED and mini LED products. 411
Figure 114. LSAB009 microLED display. 412
Figure 115. Schematic of Micro Nitride chip architecture. 417
Figure 116. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 422
Figure 117. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display. 422
Figure 118. 48 x 36 Passive Matrix microLED display. 424
Figure 119. Micro-LED stretchable display. 427
Figure 120. The Wall. 428
Figure 121. Samsung Neo QLED 8K. 429
Figure 122. NPQD™ Technology for MicroLEDs. 431
Figure 123. Wicop technology. 433
Figure 124. B-Series and C-Series displays. 436
Figure 125. Photo-polymer mass transfer process. 438
Figure 126. Vuzix uLED display engine. 439
Figure 127. The Cinema Wall MicroLED display. 440
Figure 128. 7.56” Transparent Display. 441
Figure 129. VueReal Flipchip microLED (30x15 um2). 445
Figure 130. AMOLED schematic. 449
Figure 131. Mirage smart speaker with wraparound touch display. 450
Figure 132. LG rollable OLED TV. 450
Figure 133. AU Optronics inkjet-printed OLED prototype. 458
Figure 134. AU Optronics inkjet-printed OLED prototype. 459
Figure 135. Xiaomi Mi TV LUX OLED Transparent Edition. 462
Figure 136. Global market revenues for OLEDs, 2018-2031 (Millions USD). 462
Figure 137. Transparent OLED made with OTI Lumionic’s ConducTorr™ CPM. 467
Figure 138. LG Display transparent OLED Panel in China subway. 468

The Global Market for Advanced Displays 2021-2031

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