Published October 2022 | 160 pages, 29 figures, 31 tables | Download table of contents
The graphite market is experiencing sustained growth due to the development of electric vehicles and green energy. Future energy needs will require supply of raw materials for the development of low-carbon technologies. Graphite is viewed as a critical material for decarbonizing transportation and heavy industry, resulting in high market growth in the coming years.
Graphite is used across multiple industries such as automotive, steel-making, powder metallurgy, fuel cells, and flame retardants. Graphite is the dominant active anode material used in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV). Huge growth in demand for batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems has underpinned recent changes in the graphite market landscape.
Desirable properties of graphite include:
- good conductor of heat and electricity.
- high regular stiffness and strength.
- maintains firmness and strength up to temperature more than 3600 °C
- highly lubricating material with chemical inertness and corrosion resistance.
Graphite is classified as natural and synthetic. Natural graphite is further classified into three principal types, crystalline small flake graphite (or flake graphite), crystalline vein or lump graphite, and amorphous graphite (very fine flake graphite), which have different physical properties, appearance, chemical composition, and impurities. Natural graphite can is mined in multiple countries. Synthetic graphite is produced from oil or coal-based needle coke and is preferred in the production electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for steelmaking. Battery producers can use both synthetic and natural graphite as their raw material.
Report contents include:
- In-depth analysis of the global market for graphite.
- Analysis of types of graphite, markets, applications and producers.
- Recent market activity, drivers and trends.
- Graphite pricing, historical, current and forecasts.
- Market tonnage data-historical (2010-2021), estimates for 2022, and projections to 2033.
- Regional market analysis.
- Market share analysis based on type of graphite, end-use industry, and geographic region.
- Graphite market in China.
- Profiles of 55 companies. Companies profiled include Heilongjiang Aoyu Energy, Qingdao Haida Graphite, Xincheng Graphite Co. Ltd, Tirupati Carbon & Graphite, Syrah Resources, GrafTech International, Showa Denko, SGL Group, Graphite India, Tokai Carbon, Leading Edge Materials, Nippon Carbon, SEC Carbon, First Graphene, Gratomic and Kaifeng Carbon.
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9
2 INTRODUCTION 10
- 2.1 Types of graphite 11
- 2.1.1 Natural vs synthetic graphite 12
- 2.2 Natural graphite 16
- 2.2.1 Classification 16
- 2.2.2 Processing 17
- 2.2.3 Flake 18
- 2.2.3.1 Grades 18
- 2.2.3.2 Applications 18
- 2.2.4 Amorphous 19
- 2.2.4.1 Applications 20
- 2.2.5 Vein graphite 21
- 2.2.5.1 Applications 21
- 2.3 Synthetic graphite 22
- 2.3.1 Classification 23
- 2.3.2 Production of synthetic graphite 23
- 2.3.3 Issues with synthetic graphite production 24
- 2.3.4 Fine-grain graphite 25
- 2.3.5 Isostatic Graphite 26
- 2.3.5.1 Description 26
- 2.3.5.2 Markets 27
- 2.3.5.3 Producers and production capacities 28
- 2.3.6 Extruded Graphite 28
- 2.3.7 Vibration Molded Graphite 30
- 2.3.8 Die-molded graphite 31
- 2.4 Recycling of graphite materials 32
- 2.5 Applications of graphite 33
- 2.6 Graphite pricing (ton) 35
- 2.7 Graphene 39
3 MARKETS FOR GRAPHITE 41
- 3.1 Market drivers for graphite 41
- 3.2 Global production of graphite 44
- 3.2.1 Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite 45
- 3.2.2 Global graphite production in tonnes, 2010-2021 46
- 3.2.3 Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2022-2033 49
- 3.2.4 Graphite production by country 50
- 3.2.5 Synthetic graphite supply 51
- 3.3 Consumption of graphite by end use markets, 2021 52
- 3.4 Consumption of graphite by end use markets, 2033 53
- 3.5 Consumption by region 53
- 3.5.1 China 54
- 3.5.2 Asia-Pacific 56
- 3.5.2.1 Synthetic graphite 57
- 3.5.2.2 Natural graphite 58
- 3.5.3 USA 59
- 3.5.3.1 Synthetic graphite 59
- 3.5.3.2 Natural graphite 61
- 3.5.4 Europe 62
- 3.5.4.1 Synthetic graphite 62
- 3.5.4.2 Natural graphite 63
- 3.6 Factors that aid graphite market growth 65
- 3.7 Factors that hinder graphite market growth 66
- 3.8 The graphite market 2017-2021 67
- 3.9 The graphite market in 2022 and beyond 69
- 3.10 Graphite industry developments 2020-2022 70
- 3.11 Main market players 73
- 3.11.1 Natural graphite 73
- 3.11.2 Synthetic graphite 75
- 3.12 Market supply chain 77
- 3.13 Lithium-ion batteries 78
- 3.13.1 Anode material in electric vehicles 80
- 3.13.2 Recent trends in the automotive market and EVs 81
- 3.13.3 Higher costs and tight supply 82
- 3.13.4 Forecast for EVs 82
- 3.13.5 Graphite alternatives for batteries 84
- 3.14 Refractory manufacturing 85
- 3.14.1 Steel market trends and graphite growth 86
- 3.14.2 Carbon Sources for refractories 87
- 3.14.3 Electric arc furnaces in steelmaking 88
- 3.15 Brakes and clutches 90
- 3.16 Electronics 92
- 3.16.1 Thermal management 92
- 3.17 Electrode materials for fuel cells 94
- 3.18 Lubricants 95
- 3.19 Gaskets 96
- 3.20 Flame retardants 97
- 3.21 Water purification 98
- 3.22 Other applications 99
4 COMPANY PROFILES 100 (44 company profiles)
5 REFERENCES 157
List of Tables
- Table 1. Main characteristics of natural and synthetic graphite. 14
- Table 2. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics. 16
- Table 3. Characteristics of synthetic graphite. 23
- Table 4: Main markets and applications of isostatic graphite. 27
- Table 5. Current or planned production capacities for isostatic graphite. 28
- Table 6. Markets and applications of graphite. 33
- Table 7. Current pricing by type of graphite. 35
- Table 8. Market drivers for graphite. 42
- Table 9. Production of natural flake graphite globally in 2021. 43
- Table 10. Global mine Production of natural graphite 2020-2021, by country. 45
- Table 11. Global reserves of natural graphite 2020-2021, by country. 46
- Table 12. Global production of graphite 2010-2021 (tonnes). 47
- Table 13. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2022-2033. 49
- Table 14. Global supply of synthetic graphite 2018-2033 (tonnes). 51
- Table 15. Consumption of synthetic graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 57
- Table 16. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 57
- Table 17. Consumption of natural graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 58
- Table 18. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 58
- Table 19. Consumption of synthetic graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 59
- Table 20. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 60
- Table 21. Consumption of natural graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 61
- Table 22. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 61
- Table 23. Consumption of synthetic graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 62
- Table 24. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 63
- Table 25. Consumption of natural graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 63
- Table 26. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 64
- Table 27. Graphite industry developments 2020-2022. 70
- Table 28. Main graphite producers. 73
- Table 29. Main synthetic graphite producers. 75
- Table 30. Main Li-ion anode manufacturers, 2021. 79
- Table 31. Other applications of graphite. 99
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Flake graphite sample (left), and natural flake graphite after first grinding. 11
- Figure 2. Structure of graphite. 12
- Figure 3. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG). 13
- Figure 4. Production of synthetic graphite 23
- Figure 5: Isostatic pressed graphite. 27
- Figure 6. Natural graphite prices (ton). 36
- Figure 7. Anode grade graphite prices . 38
- Figure 8. Global supply of synthetic graphite 2018-2033 (tonnes). 52
- Figure 9. Consumption of graphite by end use markets, 2021. 52
- Figure 10. Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033. 53
- Figure 11. Global consumption of graphite by type and region, 2021. 54
- Figure 12. Consumption of synthetic graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 57
- Figure 13. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 58
- Figure 14. Consumption of natural graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 58
- Figure 15. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in Asia-Pacific 2015-2021, tonnes. 59
- Figure 16. Consumption of synthetic graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 60
- Figure 17. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 60
- Figure 18. Consumption of natural graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 61
- Figure 19. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in the USA 2015-2021, tonnes. 62
- Figure 20. Consumption of synthetic graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 62
- Figure 21. Estimated consumption of synthetic graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 63
- Figure 22. Consumption of natural graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 63
- Figure 23. Estimated consumption of natural graphite in Europe 2015-2021, tonnes. 64
- Figure 24. Battery market growth and graphite demand. 79
- Figure 25. Graphite demand for global LV BEV production. 83
- Figure 26. Steel production processes. 88
- Figure 27. Schematic illustration of an EAF. 89
- Figure 28. Global graphite demand from EAF electrodes. 89
- Figure 29. Turbiti series of nano bubble mixers. 102
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