The Global Market for Printed Electronics - Nanotechnology Market Research

Printing and imaging methods are being used to create innovative electronic components on a variety of substrates. Ultra thin printable electronic devices can be implemented flexibly and seamlessly in automobiles, energy generation, healthcare, or clothing, opening up possibilities in new industries and application areas.

This 320 page report highlights the latest innovations and products in the printed electronics market, developed by large companies and start-ups. Report contents include:

Key industry developments in 2017 and market predictions for 2018.
Materials analysis: Materials used in printed electronics.
Types of printed electronics, properties, advantages and disadvantages.
Analysis of printing methods.
Market drivers and challenges in the printed electronics market.
Market analysis: Analysis of printed electronics markets and applications:
- Conductive inks.
- Wearables and IoT (flexible and stretchable electronics, components and systems for IoT and wireless sensors).
- Medical and healthcare sensors and wearables (medicine, fitness and health, functional textiles with integrated displays, pharmaceutical packaging, biocompatible and biodegrdable substrates, biosensors )
- Smart textiles and fabrics (stretchable and ultraflexible electronics in smart fabrics).
- Energy storage and conversion (RF, piezo, thermal and solar harvesting).
- Displays (flexible displays, electrochromic dimming mirrors and OLEDs in automotive, large-area electronic sensors).
- Batteries (printable batteries and supercapacitors).
- Logic and memory (novel interconnects, flexible transistors, organic and inorganic semiconductors).

Market revenues forecasts: Detailed forecasts of the printed electronics market, by end user markets, regions and applications (revenues $ millions), to 2027.
Producer profiles: Printed electronics company profiles (Profiles of over 300 companies)

Published December 2017 | 320 pages | Price £1100 | Table of contents

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 25

1.1 The evolution of electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
- 1.1.1 The wearables revolution……………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
- 1.1.2 Flexible, thin, and large-area form factors………………………………………………………………. 27
1.2 What are printed electronics?…………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
- 1.2.1 From rigid to printable…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
- 1.2.2 Organic and printed electronics……………………………………………………………………………… 31
- 1.2.3 New conductive materials………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
1.3 Growth in the printed electronics market………………………………………………………………………… 36
- 1.3.1 Recent growth in printable electronics products…………………………………………………….. 36
- 1.3.2 Future growth…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
- 1.3.3 Nanotechnology as a market driver……………………………………………………………………….. 37
- 1.3.4 Growth in wearables………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
- 1.3.5 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics……………………………………………… 39
- 1.3.6 Growth in printed automotive electronics……………………………………………………………….. 40
1.4 Global market revenues to 2027…………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
- 1.4.1 Market structure……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42
- 1.4.2 Current market size………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
- 1.4.3 Global market by region…………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
- 1.4.4 Global market by applications………………………………………………………………………………… 45
1.5 Market challenges………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 47

2.1 Study aims and objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………… 47
2.2 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47

3 INTRODUCTION AND KEY MATERIALS ANALYSIS…………………. 49

3.1 Organic and inorganic electronics………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
3.2 Rigid versus printed, flexible and stretchable electronics……………………………………………….. 50
3.3 Key materials in printed electronics, properties, benefits and applications…………………….. 52

4 CONDUCTIVE INKS……………………………………………………………….. 55

4.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
4.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
4.3 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58
- 4.3.1 Current products…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
- 4.3.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………… 59
- 4.3.3 Touch screens……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
- 4.3.4 Photovoltaics………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
- 4.3.5 RFID………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66
- 4.3.6 Smart labels…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 68
- 4.3.7 Smart clothing………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
- 4.3.8 Printable sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
- 4.3.9 Printable antennas…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
- 4.3.10 In-mold electronics…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
- 4.3.11 Printed transistors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
- 4.3.12 Stretchable inks…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
4.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
- 4.4.1 Global market revenues 2017-2027……………………………………………………………………….. 76
4.5 COMPANY PROFILES…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 78-113 (90 company profiles)

5 PRINTED SENSORS AND COMPONENTS FOR WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND IOT………………………………………………………….. 115

5.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 115
5.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 119
5.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 119
- 5.3.1 Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………. 120
- 5.3.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 122
- 5.3.3 Transparent conductive films……………………………………………………………………………….. 123
  - 5.3.3.1 Carbon nanotubes (SWNT)…………………………………………………………………………. 128
  - 5.3.3.2 Double-walled carbon nanotubes………………………………………………………………… 129
  - 5.3.3.3 Graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 129
  - 5.3.3.4 Silver nanowires………………………………………………………………………………………….. 131
  - 5.3.3.5 Nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………. 133
  - 5.3.3.6 Copper nanowires……………………………………………………………………………………….. 137
  - 5.3.3.7 Nanofibers…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 137
- 5.3.4 Wearable sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………… 137
  - 5.3.4.1 Current stage of the art………………………………………………………………………………… 137
  - 5.3.4.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………. 140
  - 5.3.4.3 Wearable gas sensors…………………………………………………………………………………. 145
  - 5.3.4.4 Wearable strain sensors………………………………………………………………………………. 146
  - 5.3.4.5 Wearable tactile sensors……………………………………………………………………………… 146
  - 5.3.4.6 Industrial monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………….. 147
  - 5.3.4.7 Military…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 147
- 5.3.5 Biomedical sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 148
- 5.3.6 Touch sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 149
- 5.3.7 Light sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 150
- 5.3.8 Temperature sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………… 152
5.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 152
5.4.1 Transparent conductive electrodes………………………………………………………………………. 154
5.5 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 155-178 (59 company profiles)

6 PRINTED MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE SENSORS AND WEARABLES………………………………………………………………………….. 179

6.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 179
6.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 182
6.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 183
- 6.3.1 Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………. 183
- 6.3.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 189
- 6.3.2.1 Skin sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………… 189
- 6.3.2.2 Nanomaterials-based devices……………………………………………………………………… 190
- 6.3.3 Printable health monitors……………………………………………………………………………………… 191
  - 6.3.3.1 Patch-type skin sensors………………………………………………………………………………. 193
  - 6.3.3.2 Skin temperature monitoring………………………………………………………………………… 197
  - 6.3.3.3 Hydration sensors………………………………………………………………………………………… 198
  - 6.3.3.4 Wearable sweat sensors……………………………………………………………………………… 199
  - 6.3.3.5 UV patches………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 201
  - 6.3.3.6 Smart footwear…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 203
6.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 203
6.5 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 206-220 (34 company profiles)

7 PRINTED ELECTRONIC CLOTHING AND APPAREL………………. 221

7.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 221
7.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 223
7.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 223
- 7.3.1 Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………. 225
- 7.3.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 227
- 7.3.3 Conductive yarns…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 231
- 7.3.4 Conductive coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 231
- 7.3.5 Smart helmets………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 234
7.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 235
7.5 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 237-252 (35 company profiles)

8 PRINTED ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION………………… 252

8.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 252
8.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 255
8.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 255
- 8.3.1 Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………. 255
- 8.3.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 257
  - 8.3.2.1 Printed photovoltaics……………………………………………………………………………………. 258
  - 8.3.2.2 Flexible and stretchable batteries………………………………………………………………… 259
  - 8.3.2.3 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors…………………………………………………….. 260
  - 8.3.2.4 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries………………………………………………………………. 263
  - 8.3.2.5 Flexible OLED lighting…………………………………………………………………………………. 263
  - 8.3.2.6 Quantum dot lighting……………………………………………………………………………………. 265
  - 8.3.2.7 Solar energy harvesting textiles…………………………………………………………………… 266
  - 8.3.2.8 Stretchable piezoelectric energy harvesting………………………………………………… 270
  - 8.3.2.9 Stretchable triboelectric energy harvesting………………………………………………….. 270
8.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 271
8.5 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 272-278 (24 company profiles)

9 PRINTABLE LOGIC AND MEMORY………………………………………. 278

9.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 278
9.2 MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 279
9.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 279
- 9.3.1 Oxide semiconductors………………………………………………………………………………………….. 279
- 9.3.2 Organic semiconductors………………………………………………………………………………………. 280
- 9.3.3 Printable circuit boards and interconnects……………………………………………………………. 280
- 9.3.4 Printable transistors……………………………………………………………………………………………… 281
- 9.3.5 Memory………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 282
9.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 283
9.5 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 283-285 (6 company profiles)

10 PRINTABLE DISPLAYS……………………………………………………….. 286

10.1 MARKET DRIVERS…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 286
10.2 MARKET CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………………………………. 287
10.3 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 287
- 10.3.1 Flexible LCDs…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 289
- 10.3.2 Flexible OLEDs (FOLED)…………………………………………………………………………………. 290
- 10.3.3 Flexible AMOLED…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 291
- 10.3.4 Flexible electrophoretic displays………………………………………………………………………. 294
- 10.3.5 Electrochromic displays……………………………………………………………………………………. 294
- 10.3.6 Thermochromic………………………………………………………………………………………………… 295
10.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………….. 295
10.5 COMPANY PROFILES…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 296-303 (20 company profiles)

11 PRINTED BATTERIES………………………………………………………….. 305

11.1 MARKET DRIVERS…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 305
11.2 MARKET CHALLENGES…………………………………………………………………………………………. 305
11.3 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 306
- 11.3.1 Types of printed batteries………………………………………………………………………………… 307
11.4 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………….. 309
11.5 COMPANY PROFILES…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 311

TABLES

Table 1: Evolution of wearable devices, 2011-2017……………………………………………………………………. 27
Table 2: Advanced materials for printable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
Table 3: Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)……………………………………….. 34
Table 4: Markets for wearable devices and applications…………………………………………………………….. 36
Table 5: Global market for printed electronics, by application to 2027, millions USD…………………. 43
Table 6: Market challenges for printed electronics……………………………………………………………………… 46
Table 7: Materials utilized in printed electronics…………………………………………………………………………. 52
Table 8: Market drivers for printable conductive inks………………………………………………………………….. 55
Table 9: Market challenges for printable conductive inks……………………………………………………………. 56
Table 10: Printable electronics products…………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
Table 11: Comparative properties of conductive inks…………………………………………………………………. 58
Table 12: Applications in conductive inks by materials type and benefits thereof……………………….. 59
Table 13: Opportunities for advanced materials in printed electronics……………………………………….. 67
Table 14: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology…………………………. 72
Table 15: Main markets for conductive inks, applications and revenues…………………………………….. 74
Table 16: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types……………………………………………………………………………………………. 77
Table 17: Market drivers for printed sensors and components for wearables and IoT……………… 114
Table 18: Market challenges for printed sensors and components for wearables and IoT……….. 118
Table 19: Wearable electronics devices and stage of development…………………………………………. 119
Table 20: Comparison of ITO replacements……………………………………………………………………………… 123
Table 21: Applications in printable, flexible and stretchable sensors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
Table 22: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors……………………………………………. 142
Table 23: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $………….. 152
Table 24: Market drivers for printed medical healthcare sensors and wearables……………………… 178
Table 25: Market challenges for printed medical healthcare sensors and wearables……………….. 181
Table 26: Wearable medical device products and stage of development…………………………………. 184
Table 27: Applications in printable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 190
Table 28: Applications in patch-type skin sensors, by materials type and benefits thereof………. 195
Table 29: Potential addressable market for smart textiles and wearables in medical and healthcare…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 203
Table 30: Global market fro printed medical and healthcare sensors and wearables 2017-2027. 203
Table 31: Market drivers for printed electronic clothing and apparel…………………………………………. 220
Table 32: Market challenges printed electronic clothing and apparel……………………………………….. 222
Table 33: Types of smart textiles………………………………………………………………………………………………. 222
Table 34: Examples of smart textile products…………………………………………………………………………… 223
Table 35: Currently available technologies for smart textiles……………………………………………………. 224
Table 36: Smart clothing and apparel and stage of development…………………………………………….. 224
Table 37: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof…………………. 227
Table 38: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel………………………………….. 231
Table 39: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market…………………………………… 235
Table 40: Market drivers for printed electronic energy storage and converison………………………… 251
Table 41: Market challenges for printable logic, memry and electronic components………………… 254
Table 42: Wearable energy and energy harvesting devices and stage of development…………… 255
Table 43: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 258
Table 44: Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 261
Table 45: Applications in energy harvesting textiles, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 267
Table 46: Market drivers for printable logic and memory………………………………………………………….. 277
Table 47: Market challenges for printable logic and memory……………………………………………………. 278
Table 48: Applications in printable circuit boards, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 279
Table 49: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology……………………….. 281
Table 50: Market drivers for printable displays…………………………………………………………………………. 285
Table 51: Market challenges for printable displays…………………………………………………………………… 286
Table 52: Market challenges for printed batteries…………………………………………………………………….. 304
Table 53: Market challenges for printed batteries…………………………………………………………………….. 304
Table 54: Applications in printed batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof…………………… 306
Table 55: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries…………………… 308

FIGURES

Figure 1: Evolution of electronics………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
Figure 2: Wove Band………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Figure 3: Wearable graphene medical sensor……………………………………………………………………………. 31
Figure 4: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics……………………………………………… 32
Figure 5: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors……………………………….. 40
Figure 6: Market structure for the printed electronics market……………………………………………………… 42
Figure 7: Global market for printed electronics, by application to 2027, millions USD………………… 44
Figure 8: Global printed electronics market by region 2017-2027………………………………………………. 45
Figure 9: Global printed electronics market by applications 2017-2027……………………………………… 45
Figure 10: BGT Materials graphene ink product…………………………………………………………………………. 64
Figure 11: Flexible RFID tag……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
Figure 12: Graphene printed antenna…………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
Figure 13: Printed antennas for aircraft………………………………………………………………………………………. 71
Figure 14: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics………………………………………….. 72
Figure 15: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive……………………….. 72
Figure 16: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs……………………………………………………………………… 73
Figure 17: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types……………………………………………………………………………………………. 77
Figure 18: Covestro wearables…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
Figure 19: Royole flexible display……………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
Figure 20: Panasonic CNT stretchable Resin Film……………………………………………………………………. 125
Figure 21: Bending durability of Ag nanowires………………………………………………………………………….. 133
Figure 22: NFC computer chip………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 135
Figure 23: NFC translucent diffuser schematic…………………………………………………………………………. 135
Figure 24: Softceptor sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 138
Figure 25: BeBop Media Arm Controller…………………………………………………………………………………… 139
Figure 26: LG Innotek flexible textile pressure sensor………………………………………………………………. 139
Figure 27: <hitoe> nanofiber conductive shirt original design(top) and current design (bottom).. 141
Figure 28: Garment-based printable electrodes……………………………………………………………………….. 142
Figure 29: Wearable gas sensor………………………………………………………………………………………………. 146
Figure 30: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves………………………………………………………….. 147
Figure 31: Torso and Extremities Protection (TEP) system………………………………………………………. 148
Figure 32: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $…………. 153
Figure 33: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 154
Figure 34: BITalino systems……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 161
Figure 35: BITalino system……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 161
Figure 36: Connected human body…………………………………………………………………………………………… 184
Figure 37: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor…………………………………………………………………. 185
Figure 38: Prototype ECG sensor patch…………………………………………………………………………………… 189
Figure 39: Graphene-based E-skin patch…………………………………………………………………………………. 190
Figure 40: Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration……………………………. 193
Figure 41: Smart mouth guard………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193
Figure 42: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 195
Figure 43: Graphene medical patch………………………………………………………………………………………….. 196
Figure 44: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer…………………………………………………………….. 198
Figure 45: Mimo baby monitor………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 198
Figure 46: Nanowire skin hydration patch…………………………………………………………………………………. 199
Figure 47: Wearable sweat sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………… 200
Figure 48: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor………………………………………………………………………… 201
Figure 49: My UV Patch……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 202
Figure 50: Overview layers of L’Oreal skin patch……………………………………………………………………… 203
Figure 51: Global market fro printed medical and healthcare sensors and wearables 2017-2027. 205
Figure 52: Omniphobic-coated fabric………………………………………………………………………………………… 227
Figure 53: Conductive yarns…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 231
Figure 54: Work out shirt incorporating ECG sensors, flexible lights and heating elements……… 234
Figure 55: BeBop Sensors Smart Helmet Sensor System………………………………………………………. 235
Figure 56: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market 2015-2027 revenue forecast (million $)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 236
Figure 57 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment, 2016. 237
Figure 58: Energy harvesting textile…………………………………………………………………………………………. 254
Figure 59: StretchSense Energy Harvesting Kit……………………………………………………………………….. 255
Figure 60: LG Chem Heaxagonal battery…………………………………………………………………………………. 256
Figure 61: Printed 1.5V battery…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 259
Figure 62: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries………………………………. 261
Figure 63: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor………………………………………………………………………. 262
Figure 64: LG OLED flexible lighting panel……………………………………………………………………………….. 264
Figure 65: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight……………………………………………. 265
Figure 66: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots………………………………………………. 266
Figure 67: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper………………………………… 267
Figure 68: Global market for printed energy storage and conversion 2015-2027……………………… 271
Figure 69: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs……………………………………………………………………. 282
Figure 70: Global market for printed logic and memory 2015-2027………………………………………….. 283
Figure 71: LG Display LG Display 77-inch flexible transparent OLED display………………………….. 287
Figure 72: Flexible LCD……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 289
Figure 73: “Full ActiveTM Flex”…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 290
Figure 74: FOLED schematic……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 291
Figure 75: Foldable display………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 292
Figure 76: Stretchable AMOLED………………………………………………………………………………………………. 293
Figure 77: LGD 12.3” FHD Automotive OLED………………………………………………………………………….. 293
Figure 78: LECTUM® display…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 294
Figure 79: Global market for printed displays, 2015-2027 (billion $)…………………………………………. 296
Figure 80: Enfucell Printed Battery…………………………………………………………………………………………… 308
Figure 81: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2015, by market……………………….. 310
Figure 82: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2027, by market……………………….. 311
Figure 83: Global market for printed batteries, 2015-2027 (billion $)………………………………………… 311

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