Published March 2022 | 95 pages, 25 tables, 22 figures | Download table of contents
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are wax-like thermal compounds that change phase at a specifically formulated temperature. A wide range of PCMs have been developed including organic (paraffins and fatty acids), inorganics (salt hydrates and metallic) and eutectic combination of organic and/or inorganic materials. Thermal energy storage using PCMs is an effective way to store thermal energy, and makes them attractive for sustainable, environmentally friendly solutions. PCMs store thermal energy in the form of latent heat and provide maximum energy performance with minimal impact on the environment.
Latent heat energy storage (LHES) system PCMs are well known for its excellent thermal energy storage and release during melting and solidifications respectively, and are a key solution for the implementation of renewable energies. PCMs can be efficiently deployed in applications where significant temperature difference exists in the system for intermittent thermal energy storage. These systems take advantage of the latent heat of phase change of PCM during their melting/ solidification processes to store or release heat depending on the needs and availability.
PCM products are used to improve whole-building energy efficiency in retail, commercial, hospitality, and industrial applications; enable safe transport of sensitive food and pharmaceutical products; and provide enhanced thermal storage capabilities for industrial and commercial processes, among other applications. The use of PCM thermal energy storage optimizes the energy production of buildings and in office cooling systems (e.g. data centers, telecommunication sites, office buildings) their use ensures operation safety.
Markets where PCMs are applied include:
- buildings for thermal management.
- cement and pavements.
- heat pumps.
- electronic devices.
- solar power plants.
- cooling vests and clothing in medical and textiles.
- thermal management in electric vehicle batteries.
- thermal batteries.
- refrigerated packaging and transport.
Report contents include:
- Types of phase change materials, properties, advantages, drawbacks. Types covered include paraffins, non-paraffins, salt and salt composites, metal and metal alloys, bio-based, nanomaterials based.
- Patent analysis.
- Markets for phase change materials including aerospace, automotive, building and construction, energy, electronics, medical, food and drink, packaging, shipping, solar thermal systems, textiles and apparel.
- Global revenues for phase change materials by type, market and region.
- In depth profiles of 51 companies including types of phase change materials produced, products, target markets, production capabilities, contact details. Companies profiled include Advanced Cooling Technologies, Azelio, Axiotherm GmbH, Azelio, Boyd Corporation, HeatVentors, Croda, Hangzhou Ruhr New Material Technology Co., Ltd. and many more.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
- 1.1 What are Phase change materials (PCMs)? 9
- 1.2 Markets 9
- 1.3 Market drivers 11
- 1.4 Properties of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) 12
- 1.5 Phase change materials (PCM) drawbacks 13
- 1.6 Global revenues, 2019-2032 13
- 1.6.1 By type 13
- 1.6.2 By market 15
2 INTRODUCTION 20
- 2.1 Thermal energy storage (TES) 20
- 2.1.1 Sensible heat storage 20
- 2.1.2 Latent heat storage 21
- 2.2 Phase change materials 21
- 2.2.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials 23
- 2.2.1.1 Advantages and disadvantages 23
- 2.2.1.2 Paraffin wax 23
- 2.2.1.3 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based 24
- 2.2.2 Inorganic phase change materials 25
- 2.2.2.1 Salt hydrates 25
- 2.2.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature) 26
- 2.2.3 Eutectic mixtures 27
- 2.2.4 Encapsulation of PCMs 27
- 2.2.4.1 Macroencapsulation 27
- 2.2.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation 27
- 2.2.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials 28
- 2.2.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials 23
3 PATENT ANALYSIS 29
4 END USER MARKETS FOR PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS 31
- 4.1 AEROSPACE 31
- 4.1.1 Coatings 31
- 4.1.2 Propulsion 31
- 4.2 AUTOMOTIVE 32
- 4.3 BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION 33
- 4.3.1 Improved energy efficiency 33
- 4.3.2 Concrete 35
- 4.3.3 HVAC 35
- 4.4 ELECTRONICS 38
- 4.4.1 Thermal management and cooling 38
- 4.5 PACKAGING AND COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS 40
- 4.5.1 Temperature-controlled shipping 40
- 4.6 REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS 42
- 4.6.1 Commercial refrigeration 42
- 4.7 THERMAL STORAGE SYSTEMS 44
- 4.7.1 Water heaters 44
- 4.7.2 Thermal batteries for water heaters and EVs 44
- 4.8 TEXTILES AND APPAREL 47
- 4.8.1 Temperature controlled fabrics 47
- 4.8.2 Cooling vests 47
5 COMPANY PROFILES 50
6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 93
7 REFERENCES 94
List of Tables
- Table 1. Market drivers for phase change materials. 11
- Table 2. Properties of PCMs. 12
- Table 3. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2019, by type. 14
- Table 4. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2020, by type. 15
- Table 5. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2019-2032, by market, conservative estimate (millions USD). 15
- Table 6. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2019-2032, by market, high estimate (millions USD). 18
- Table 7. PCM Types and properties. 22
- Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCMs. 23
- Table 9. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids. 24
- Table 10. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates 26
- Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals. 26
- Table 12. Advantages and disadvantages of eutectics. 27
- Table 13. Recent PCM patents. 29
- Table 14. Market assessment for PCMs in automotive-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 32
- Table 15. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 36
- Table 16. Market assessment for PCMs in electronics-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 38
- Table 17. PCMs used in cold chain applications. 40
- Table 18. Market assessment for phase change materials in packaging and cold chain logistics-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 41
- Table 19. Market assessment for PCMs in refrigeration systems -market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 42
- Table 20. Market assessment for PCMs in thermal storage systems-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 45
- Table 21. Commercially available PCM cooling vest products. 48
- Table 22. Market assessment for PCMs textiles and apparel-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges. 49
- Table 23. Type of PCM produced, by company. 50
- Table 24. Target markets for PCMS, by company. 51
- Table 25. CrodaTherm Range. 60
List of Figures
- Figure 1. PCM mode of operation. 9
- Figure 2. Applications of PCM by temperature range. 11
- Figure 3. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2019-2032, by market, conservative estimate (millions USD). 17
- Figure 4. Global revenues for phase change materials, 2019-2032, by market, high estimate (millions USD). 19
- Figure 5. Thermal energy storage materials. 20
- Figure 6. Phase Change Material transient behaviour. 21
- Figure 7. Classification of PCMs. 21
- Figure 8. Phase-change materials in their original states. 22
- Figure 9. Phase change materials patents 2001-2021. 29
- Figure 10. Schematic representation of the PCM de-icing. 31
- Figure 11. Global energy consumption growth of buildings. 33
- Figure 12. Energy consumption of residential building sector. 33
- Figure 13. Schematic of PCM use in buildings. 34
- Figure 14. Comparison of the maximum energy storage capacity of 10 mm thickness of different building materials operating between 18 °C and 26 °C for 24 h. 35
- Figure 15. Schematic of PCM in storage tank linked to solar collector. 44
- Figure 16. UniQ line of thermal batteries. 45
- Figure 17. PCMs-containing microcapsules incorporated into textiles. 47
- Figure 18. PCM cooling vest. 48
- Figure 19. Solid State Reflective Display (SRD®) schematic. 57
- Figure 20. Transtherm® PCMs. 58
- Figure 21. HI-FLOW Phase Change Materials. 70
- Figure 22. Crēdo™ ProMed transport bags. 76
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