Published December 2022 | 740 pages, 271 figures, 83 tables | Download Table of contents
Wearable electronics have progressed hugely in the last few years, from simple activity tracking to personal healthcare tools. The market has experienced massive growth since 2020, but has slowed down lately, with many large corporations witnessing sales decline.
However demand from sectors such as remote medical monitoring will continue to drive the market moving forward. Wearable and mobile health monitoring technologies are important due to the rapidly aging global populations and the drastically increasing demand for in-home healthcare. Commercially available and near commercial wearable devices facilitate the transmission of biomedical informatics and personal health recording. Body worn sensors, which can provide real-time continuous measurement of pertinent physiological parameters noninvasively and comfortably for extended periods of time, are of crucial importance for applications of mobile medicine.
Monitoring of sleep, fitness, pet, and work & labour activities are also driving demand for wearable technology for improved analytics and performance. New energy harvesting materials and technologies will enable wearables that can be worn constantly without needing to remove or charge.
The Global Market for Wearable Electronics to 2033 offers comprehensive analysis of this fast-moving marketT. he report explores key trends and developments. Report contents include:
- In-depth market review of current products and technology development in
- Smartwatches
- Sports and fitness trackers
- Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
- Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (VR, AR, MR, vision loss and eye trackers)
- Military wearables
- Industrial and workplace monitoring,
- Flexible and stretchable electronics
- E-textiles and smart clothing
- Pet wearables
- Wearable robotics
- Artificial skin
- Skin patches & wearable health alert and monitoring devices
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), hydration and sweat sensors
- Wearable drug delivery
- Cosmetics patches
- Smart footwear
- Smart contact lenses
- Femtech devices
- Metaverse
- Smart wound care
- Smart jewelry
- Exoskeletons
- Hearables.
- In depth product assessment including products, producers, functionalities and prices.
- Global market revenues, historical and forecast to 2033 for wearable electronics, medical wearables, gaming & entertainment wearables, electronic textiles and smart clothing and sub markets thereof.
- More than 600 company profiles. Companies profiled include Alimetry, BeBop Sensors, dorsaVi Ltd, Enhanlabo Co., Ltd., Equivital Inc., FeelIT, HP1 Technologies Ltd., miomove s.r.o, Neosensory, Abbott Laboratories, Add Care Ltd., AerBetic, Inc., Avanix srl, Biobeat Technologies Ltd., biolinq Inc, CareWear, Cari Health, Cosinuss GmbH, Seventh Sense Biosystems, Cogwear, WearOptimo, Playermaker, Rombit, Rhaeos, Shift Robotics Inc., Stryd, Sympatient, Neurava and many more.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 45
- 1.1 The evolution of electronics 46
- 1.2 The wearables revolution 48
- 1.3 The wearable tech market in 2022 52
- 1.4 Wearable market leaders 53
- 1.5 From rigid to flexible and stretchable 53
- 1.6 Flexible and stretchable electronics in wearables 55
- 1.7 Stretchable artificial skin 58
- 1.8 Organic and printed electronics 58
- 1.9 Role in the metaverse 59
- 1.10 Wearable electronics in the textiles industry 60
- 1.11 New conductive materials 61
- 1.12 Entertainment 64
- 1.13 Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market 65
- 1.13.1 Recent growth in Printed, flexible and stretchable products 65
- 1.13.2 Future growth 65
- 1.13.3 Advanced materials as a market driver 65
- 1.13.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics 66
- 1.14 Innovations at CES 2021 68
- 1.15 Innovations at CES 2022 68
- 1.16 Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2022 69
2 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY 73
- 2.1 Market drivers and trends 73
- 2.2 Recent developments 76
- 2.3 Smartwatches 77
- 2.3.1 Health monitoring 77
- 2.3.2 Energy harvesting for powering smartwatches 78
- 2.3.3 Main smart watch producers and products 79
- 2.4 Sports and fitness 80
- 2.4.1 Wearable devices and apparel 81
- 2.4.2 Skin patches 81
- 2.4.3 Products 82
- 2.5 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors 84
- 2.5.1 Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers 85
- 2.5.2 Smart rings 86
- 2.5.3 Headbands 87
- 2.5.4 Sleep monitoring devices 87
- 2.5.4.1 Companies and products 88
- 2.6 Pet and animal wearables 90
- 2.7 Military wearables 91
- 2.8 Industrial and workplace monitoring 92
- 2.8.1 Products 92
- 2.9 Global market revenues 94
- 2.9.1 By product type, 2015-2033, billions USD 94
- 2.9.2 Market share by product type 97
- 2.10 Market challenges 98
- 2.11 Company profiles 99 (100 company profiles)
3 MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY 187
- 3.1 Market drivers 187
- 3.2 Current state of the art 190
- 3.2.1 Wearable medical device products 192
- 3.2.2 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring 194
- 3.3 Wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation 195
- 3.3.1 Companies and products 196
- 3.4 Electronic skin patches 202
- 3.4.1 Applications 202
- 3.4.2 Materials 203
- 3.4.2.1 Nanomaterials-based devices 204
- 3.4.3 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 207
- 3.4.3.1 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors 207
- 3.4.3.2 Non-invasive CGM sensors 210
- 3.4.3.3 Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring companies and products 212
- 3.4.4 Cardiovascular 215
- 3.4.4.1 ECG sensors 216
- 3.4.4.1.1 Companies and products 217
- 3.4.4.2 PPG sensors 218
- 3.4.4.2.1 Companies and products 219
- 3.4.4.1 ECG sensors 216
- 3.4.5 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring 219
- 3.4.5.1 Companies and products 219
- 3.4.6 Wearable temperature monitoring 221
- 3.4.6.1 Companies and products 222
- 3.4.7 Hydration sensors 223
- 3.4.7.1 Companies and products 224
- 3.4.8 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports) 224
- 3.4.8.1 Companies and products 226
- 3.5 Wearable drug delivery 227
- 3.5.1 Companies and products 228
- 3.6 Cosmetics patches 230
- 3.6.1 Companies and products 231
- 3.7 Femtech devices 231
- 3.7.1 Companies and products 231
- 3.8 Smart footwear for health monitoring 234
- 3.8.1 Companies and products 234
- 3.9 Smart contact lenses and smart glasses for visually impaired 235
- 3.9.1 Companies and products 235
- 3.10 Smart woundcare 236
- 3.10.1 Companies and products 238
- 3.11 Medical hearables 239
- 3.11.1 Companies and products 239
- 3.12 Wearable robotics-exo-skeletons, bionic prostheses, exo-suits, and body worn collaborative robots 241
- 3.12.1 Companies and products 241
- 3.13 Global market revenues 261
- 3.13.1 By product type, 2015-2033, billions USD 261
- 3.13.2 Market share, by product type 263
- 3.14 Market challenges 264
- 3.15 Company profiles 265 (289 company profiles)
4 GAMING AND ENTERTAINMENT WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY 475
- 4.1 Commercialization 475
- 4.2 Virtual Reality (VR) devices 475
- 4.2.1 VR headset products 477
- 4.3 Augmented (AR) headsets and smart glasses 478
- 4.3.1 Laser Beam Scanning 480
- 4.3.2 Products 481
- 4.4 Mixed Reality (MR) smart glasses 484
- 4.4.1 Mixed Reality (MR) smart glass products 484
- 4.5 OLED microdisplays 485
- 4.6 MiniLED 485
- 4.6.1 High dynamic range miniLED displays 487
- 4.6.2 Quantum dot films for miniLED displays 488
- 4.6.3 Perovskite colour enhancement film in MiniLEDs 489
- 4.7 MicroLED 489
- 4.7.1 Production 492
- 4.7.1.1 Integration 492
- 4.7.1.2 Transfer technologies 493
- 4.7.2 Comparison to LCD and OLED 497
- 4.7.3 MicroLED display specifications 498
- 4.7.4 Advantages 499
- 4.7.4.1 Transparency 500
- 4.7.4.2 Borderless 501
- 4.7.4.3 Flexibility 502
- 4.7.5 Costs 502
- 4.7.6 AR/VR Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs) 502
- 4.7.7 MicroLED contact lenses 503
- 4.7.8 Products and prototypes 504
- 4.7.9 Product developers 507
- 4.7.1 Production 492
- 4.8 Global market revenues 508
- 4.8.1 By product type, 2018-2033, billions USD 508
- 4.9 Company profiles 509 (89 company profiles)
5 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART APPAREL 578
- 5.1 Market drivers 578
- 5.2 Performance requirements for E-textiles 581
- 5.3 Growth prospects for electronic textiles 582
- 5.4 Materials and components 583
- 5.4.1 Conductive and stretchable yarns 583
- 5.4.2 Conductive polymers 585
- 5.4.2.1 PDMS 586
- 5.4.2.2 PEDOT: PSS 586
- 5.4.3 Conductive coatings 588
- 5.4.4 Conductive inks 588
- 5.4.5 Nanomaterials 590
- 5.4.5.1 Nanocoatings in smart textiles 592
- 5.4.5.2 Graphene 595
- 5.4.5.3 Nanofibers 597
- 5.4.5.4 Carbon nanotubes 599
- 5.5 Phase change materials 601
- 5.5.1 Temperature controlled fabrics 602
- 5.6 Smart clothing products 603
- 5.7 Electronic textile products 604
- 5.8 Temperature monitoring and regulation 605
- 5.8.1 Heated clothing 605
- 5.8.2 Heated gloves 607
- 5.8.3 Heated insoles 607
- 5.8.4 Heated jacket and clothing products 608
- 5.8.5 Materials used in flexible heaters and applications 609
- 5.9 Stretchable E-fabrics 610
- 5.10 Wearable therapeutic products 611
- 5.11 Sports and fitness 611
- 5.12 Smart footwear 612
- 5.12.1 Companies and products 613
- 5.13 Military 614
- 5.14 Flexible and wearable display advertising 615
- 5.15 Textile-based lighting 615
- 5.15.1 OLEDs 615
- 5.16 Smart diapers 616
- 5.16.1 Companies and products 616
- 5.17 Automotive 617
- 5.18 Powering E-textiles 618
- 5.18.1 Supercapacitors 618
- 5.18.2 Batteries 619
- 5.18.3 Energy harvesting 620
- 5.18.3.1 Photovoltaic solar textiles 620
- 5.18.3.2 Energy harvesting nanogenerators 622
- 5.18.3.3 TENGs 622
- 5.18.3.4 PENGs 623
- 5.18.3.5 Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting 623
- 5.19 Global market revenues 623
- 5.19.1 By product type, 2015-2033, billions USD 624
- 5.19.2 Market share, by product type 626
- 5.20 Market challenges 627
- 5.21 Company profiles 629 (121 company profiles)
6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 724
7 REFERENCES 725
List of Tables
- Table 1. Types of wearable devices and applications. 49
- Table 2. Types of wearable devices and the data collected. 51
- Table 3. Main Wearable Device Companies by Shipment Volume, Market Share, and Year-Over-Year Growth, (million units). 52
- Table 4. New wearable tech products in 2022. 52
- Table 5. Wearable market leaders by market segment. 53
- Table 6. Applications in printed, flexible and stretchable electronics, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 56
- Table 7. Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages. 62
- Table 8. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE). 63
- Table 9. Wearable electronics at CES 2021. 68
- Table 10. Wearable electronics at CES 2022. 68
- Table 11. Wearables Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2022. 69
- Table 12. Market drivers and trends in wearable electronics. 73
- Table 13. Wearable health monitors. 77
- Table 14. Main smart watch producers and products. 79
- Table 15. Wearable sensors for sports performance. 82
- Table 16. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance. 82
- Table 17. Example wearable sleep tracker products and prices. 84
- Table 18. Smart ring products. 86
- Table 19. Sleep headband products. 87
- Table 20. Sleep monitoring products. 88
- Table 21. Pet wearable companies and products. 90
- Table 22. Wearable electronics applications in the military. 91
- Table 23. Wearable workplace products. 92
- Table 24. Global market for wearable consumer electronics, 2015-2033, by product type, millions of US dollars. 96
- Table 25. Market challenges in consumer wearable electronics. 98
- Table 26. Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables. 187
- Table 27. Examples of wearable medical device products. 192
- Table 28. Medical wearable companies applying products to COVID-19 monitoring and analysis. 194
- Table 29. Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 203
- Table 30. Wearable bio-signal monitoring devices. 206
- Table 31. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages. 208
- Table 32. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market. 210
- Table 33. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products. 212
- Table 34. Pregnancy and newborn monitoring pregnancy products. 220
- Table 35. Companies developing wearable swear sensors. 226
- Table 36. Wearable drug delivery companies and products. 228
- Table 37. Companies and products, cosmetics and drug delivery patches. 231
- Table 38. Companies developing femtech wearable technology. 231
- Table 39. Companies and products in smart footwear. 234
- Table 40. Companies and products in smart contact lenses. 235
- Table 41. Companies and products in smart wound care. 238
- Table 42. Companies and products in hearables. 239
- Table 43. Companies developing wearable robotics. 241
- Table 44. Global medical and healthcare wearables market, 2017-2033, millions of US dollars, by product. 262
- Table 45. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables. 264
- Table 46. Example VR headset products. 477
- Table 47. Key requirements for AR wearable devices. 478
- Table 48. Augmented reality (AR) smart glass products. 481
- Table 49. Mixed Reality (MR) smart glass products. 484
- Table 50. Comparison between miniLED displays and other display types. 485
- Table 51. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines. 489
- Table 52. Comparison to conventional LEDs. 490
- Table 53. Types of microLED. 491
- Table 54. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies. 492
- Table 55. Summary of different mass transfer technologies. 494
- Table 56. Comparison to LCD and OLED. 497
- Table 57. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED. 498
- Table 58. Commercially available microLED products and specifications. 498
- Table 59. microLED-based display advantages and disadvantages. 500
- Table 60. MicroLED based smart glass products. 504
- Table 61. tooz technologies smart glasses. 506
- Table 62. VR and AR MicroLED products. 507
- Table 63. Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles. 578
- Table 64. Examples of smart textile products. 580
- Table 65. Performance requirements for E-textiles. 581
- Table 66. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications. 586
- Table 67. Typical conductive ink formulation. 588
- Table 68. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 589
- Table 69. Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 591
- Table 70. Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications. 592
- Table 71. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel. 595
- Table 72. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials. 599
- Table 73. Commercially available smart clothing products. 603
- Table 74. Electronic textile products. 604
- Table 75. Example heated jacket products. 606
- Table 76. Heated jacket and clothing products. 608
- Table 77. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications. 609
- Table 78. Companies and products in smart footwear. 613
- Table 79. Wearable electronics applications in the military. 614
- Table 80. Companies developing smart diaper products. 616
- Table 81. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance. 619
- Table 82. Global electronic textiles and smart clothing market 2017-2033, revenues (millions of US dollars). 624
- Table 83. Market challenges in E-textiles. 627
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Evolution of electronics. 47
- Figure 2. Wove Band. 54
- Figure 3. Wearable graphene medical sensor. 55
- Figure 4. Stretchable transistor. 56
- Figure 5. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition. 58
- Figure 6. Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics. 59
- Figure 7. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts. 60
- Figure 8. Systemization of wearable electronic systems. 61
- Figure 9. Baby Monitor. 67
- Figure 10. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors. 67
- Figure 11. FitBit Charge 5. 77
- Figure 12. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration. 81
- Figure 13. Beddr SleepTuner. 88
- Figure 14. Global market for wearable consumer electronics, 2015-2033, by product type, millions of US dollars. 95
- Figure 15. Global market for wearables, 2021-2033, by market share of product type 97
- Figure 16. The Apollo wearable device. 102
- Figure 17. Cyclops HMD. 106
- Figure 18. C2Sense sensors. 112
- Figure 19. Coachwhisperer device. 114
- Figure 20. Cogwear headgear. 116
- Figure 21. CardioWatch 287. 117
- Figure 22. FRENZ™ Brainband. 121
- Figure 23. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device. 122
- Figure 24. eQ02+LIfeMontor. 125
- Figure 25. Cove wearable device. 128
- Figure 26. German bionic exoskeleton. 131
- Figure 27. UnlimitedHand. 132
- Figure 28. Apex Exosuit. 133
- Figure 29. Humanox Shin Guard. 137
- Figure 30. Airvida E1. 138
- Figure 31. eMacula®. 140
- Figure 32. G2 Pro. 141
- Figure 33. REFLEX. 142
- Figure 34. Ring ZERO. 145
- Figure 35. Mawi Heart Patch. 147
- Figure 36. Ayo wearable light therapy. 154
- Figure 37. Nowatch. 156
- Figure 38. ORII smart ring. 159
- Figure 39. Proxxi Voltage. 162
- Figure 40. RealWear HMT-1. 163
- Figure 41. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc. 167
- Figure 42. SnowCookie device. 168
- Figure 43. Soter device. 169
- Figure 44. Feelzing Energy Patch. 174
- Figure 45. Wiliot tags. 182
- Figure 46. Connected human body and product examples. 191
- Figure 47. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products. 196
- Figure 48. Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs. 203
- Figure 49. Graphene medical patch. 205
- Figure 50. Graphene-based E-skin patch. 205
- Figure 51. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection. 207
- Figure 52. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor. 211
- Figure 53. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor. 212
- Figure 54. VitalPatch. 216
- Figure 55. Wearable ECG-textile. 217
- Figure 56. Wearable ECG recorder. 218
- Figure 57. Nexkin™. 218
- Figure 58. Bloomlife. 220
- Figure 59. Enfucell wearable temperature tag. 222
- Figure 60. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer. 223
- Figure 61. Nanowire skin hydration patch. 223
- Figure 62. NIX sensors. 224
- Figure 63. Wearable sweat sensor. 225
- Figure 64. Wearable sweat sensor. 225
- Figure 65. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch. 226
- Figure 66. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask. 226
- Figure 67. Lab-on-Skin™. 227
- Figure 68. D-mine Pump. 228
- Figure 69. My UV Patch. 230
- Figure 70. Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch. 230
- Figure 71. Brilliantly Warm. 232
- Figure 72. Ava Fertility tracker. 232
- Figure 73. S9 Pro breast pump. 233
- Figure 74. Tempdrop. 233
- Figure 75. Digitsole Smartshoe. 234
- Figure 76. Schematic of smart wound dressing. 237
- Figure 77. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. 238
- Figure 78. Nuheara IQbuds² Max. 239
- Figure 79. Honda Walking Assist. 241
- Figure 80. ABLE Exoskeleton. 241
- Figure 81. ANGEL-LEGS-M10. 242
- Figure 82. AGADEXO Shoulder. 242
- Figure 83. Enyware. 242
- Figure 84. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton. 243
- Figure 85. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton. 243
- Figure 86. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton. 243
- Figure 87. FreeGait. 243
- Figure 88. InMotion Arm. 244
- Figure 89. Biomotum SPARK. 244
- Figure 90. PowerWalk energy. 244
- Figure 91. Keeogo™. 245
- Figure 92. MATE-XT. 245
- Figure 93. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton. 245
- Figure 94. ALDAK. 245
- Figure 95. HAL® Lower Limb. 246
- Figure 96. DARWING PA. 246
- Figure 97. Dephy ExoBoot. 246
- Figure 98. EksoNR. 246
- Figure 99. Emovo Assist. 247
- Figure 100. HAPO. 247
- Figure 101. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton. 247
- Figure 102. ExoAtlet II. 248
- Figure 103. ExoHeaver. 248
- Figure 104. Exy ONE. 248
- Figure 105. ExoArm. 249
- Figure 106. ExoMotus. 249
- Figure 107. Gloreha Sinfonia. 249
- Figure 108. BELK Knee Exoskeleton. 249
- Figure 109. Apex exosuit. 250
- Figure 110. Honda Walking Assist. 250
- Figure 111. BionicBack. 251
- Figure 112. Muscle Suit. 251
- Figure 113.Japet.W powered exoskeleton. 251
- Figure 114.Ski~Mojo. 252
- Figure 115. AIRFRAME passive shoulder. 252
- Figure 116.FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton. 252
- Figure 117. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE®). 253
- Figure 118.UNILEXA passive exoskeleton. 253
- Figure 119.HandTutor. 253
- Figure 120.MyoPro®. 254
- Figure 121.Myosuit. 254
- Figure 122. archelis wearable chair. 254
- Figure 123.Chairless Chair. 254
- Figure 124.Indego. 255
- Figure 125. Polyspine. 255
- Figure 126. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton. 255
- Figure 127. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit. 256
- Figure 128. Hand of Hope. 256
- Figure 129. REX powered exoskeleton. 256
- Figure 130. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton. 257
- Figure 131. UGO210 exoskeleton. 257
- Figure 132. EsoGLOVE Pro. 257
- Figure 133. Roki. 258
- Figure 134. Powered Clothing. 258
- Figure 135. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton. 258
- Figure 136. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker. 258
- Figure 137. Skel-Ex. 258
- Figure 138. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton. 259
- Figure 139. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2 259
- Figure 140. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device. 260
- Figure 141.Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton. 260
- Figure 142. Global medical and healthcare wearables market, 2017-2033, millions of US dollars, by product. 262
- Figure 143. Global market for medical and healthcare sensors and wearables, 2021-2033, by market share of product type. 263
- Figure 144. Libre 3. 266
- Figure 145. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable. 266
- Figure 146. AcuPebble SA100. 267
- Figure 147. Alertgy NICGM wristband. 273
- Figure 148. ALLEVX. 274
- Figure 149. Gastric Alimetry. 275
- Figure 150. Alva Health stroke monitor. 276
- Figure 151. amofit S. 278
- Figure 152. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor. 279
- Figure 153. KneeStim. 284
- Figure 154. PaciBreath. 286
- Figure 155. Structure of Azalea Vision’s smart contact lens. 288
- Figure 156. Belun® Ring. 290
- Figure 157. Neuronaute wearable. 298
- Figure 158. biped.ai device. 300
- Figure 159. circul+ smart ring. 302
- Figure 160. Cala Trio. 307
- Figure 161. Cognito's gamma stimulation device. 313
- Figure 162. Cogwear Headband. 314
- Figure 163. First Relief. 321
- Figure 164. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator . 324
- Figure 165. enFuse. 327
- Figure 166. EOPatch. 328
- Figure 167. Epilog. 330
- Figure 168. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices. 348
- Figure 169. Atusa system. 358
- Figure 170. The Kernel Flow headset. 363
- Figure 171. KnowU™. 365
- Figure 172. WalkAid. 383
- Figure 173. Monarch™ Wireless Wearable Biosensor 384
- Figure 174. Modoo device. 389
- Figure 175. Munevo Drive. 392
- Figure 176. Modius Sleep wearable device. 400
- Figure 177. Neuphony Headband. 401
- Figure 178. Otolith wearable device. 408
- Figure 179. Peerbridge Cor. 412
- Figure 180. Point Fit Technology skin patch. 416
- Figure 181. Sylvee 1.0. 422
- Figure 182. RootiRx. 427
- Figure 183. Silvertree Reach. 440
- Figure 184. Subcuject. 449
- Figure 185. Nerivio. 453
- Figure 186. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor. 457
- Figure 187. Vaxxas patch. 460
- Figure 188. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband. 472
- Figure 189. Vuzix Blade. 476
- Figure 190. AR operation. 479
- Figure 191. TCL Leiniao Air. 480
- Figure 192. Engo Eyewear. 481
- Figure 193. Lenovo ThinkReality A3. 481
- Figure 194. Magic Leap 1. 482
- Figure 195. Microsoft HoloLens 2. 482
- Figure 196. OPPO Air Glass AR. 483
- Figure 197. Snap Spectacles AR (4th gen). 483
- Figure 198. Vuzix Blade Upgraded. 483
- Figure 199. NReal Light MR smart glasses. 484
- Figure 200. Schematic for configuration of full colour microLED display 486
- Figure 201. BOE glass-based backplane process. 487
- Figure 202. MSI curved quantum dot miniLED display. 488
- Figure 203. Nanolumi Chameleon® G Film in LED/LCD Monitor. 489
- Figure 204. Vuzix microLED microdisplay Smart Glasses. 490
- Figure 205. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019. 492
- Figure 206. Mass transfer for µLED chips. 494
- Figure 207. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies. 497
- Figure 208. Comparison of microLED with other display technologies. 499
- Figure 209. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent microLED display. 501
- Figure 210. Transition to borderless design. 501
- Figure 211. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded MicroLED display. 503
- Figure 212. Cellid AR glasses, Exploded version. 504
- Figure 213. Air Glass. 505
- Figure 214. Panasonic MeganeX. 505
- Figure 215. Thunderbird Smart Glasses Pioneer Edition. 505
- Figure 216. Vuzix microLED micro display Smart Glasses. 506
- Figure 217. Leopard demo glasses by WaveOptics. 507
- Figure 218. Global gaming and entertainment wearable technology market, 2018-2033, millions units, by product. 508
- Figure 219. Skinetic vest. 509
- Figure 220. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26″ 1080p microLED display. 517
- Figure 221. Dapeng DPVR P1 Pro 4k VR all-in-one VR glasses. 519
- Figure 222. Vive Focus 3 VR headset Wrist Tracker. 529
- Figure 223. Huawei smart glasses. 530
- Figure 224. Jade Bird Display micro displays. 536
- Figure 225. JBD's 0.13-inch panel. 537
- Figure 226. 0.22” Monolithic full colour microLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide. 537
- Figure 227. Kura Technologies' AR Glasses. 541
- Figure 228. Smart contact lenses schematic. 551
- Figure 229. OQmented technology for AR smart glasses. 554
- Figure 230. VISIRIUM® Technology smart glasses prototype. 559
- Figure 231. SenseGlove Nova. 560
- Figure 232. MeganeX. 561
- Figure 233. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked microLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display 564
- Figure 234. JioGlass mixed reality glasses type headset. 565
- Figure 235. Vuzix uLED display engine. 574
- Figure 236. Xiaomi Smart Glasses. 575
- Figure 237. Conductive yarns. 584
- Figure 238. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating. 585
- Figure 239. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel. 597
- Figure 240. PCM cooling vest. 603
- Figure 241. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket. 606
- Figure 242. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper. 607
- Figure 243. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles. 608
- Figure 244. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat. 610
- Figure 245. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products. 611
- Figure 246. iStimUweaR . 612
- Figure 247. Digitsole Smartshoe. 613
- Figure 248. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display. 615
- Figure 249. ABENA Nova smart diaper. 616
- Figure 250. Textile-based car seat heaters. 618
- Figure 251. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques. 620
- Figure 252. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper. 621
- Figure 253 . 3D print piezoelectric material. 622
- Figure 254. Global electronic textiles and smart clothing 2017-2033, revenues (millions of US dollars). 625
- Figure 255. Global market for electronics and smart textiles, 2020-2033, by market share of product type. 626
- Figure 256. LED hooded jacket. 633
- Figure 257. Heated element module. 634
- Figure 258. Cionic Neural Sleeve. 644
- Figure 259. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing. 647
- Figure 260. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket. 649
- Figure 261. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey. 650
- Figure 262. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor. 659
- Figure 263. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve. 661
- Figure 264. Electroskin integration schematic. 682
- Figure 265. Vital Shirt from Nanoleq. 682
- Figure 266. Nextiles e-fabric. 683
- Figure 267 .Nuada. 687
- Figure 268. Prevayl sensor. 692
- Figure 269. Smardii smart diaper. 703
- Figure 270. Teslasuit. 709
- Figure 271. YouCare smart shirt. 723
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