Carbon Fibers, Carbon Black, Graphite, Biochar, Carbon Nanomaterials (Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Nanofibers, Fullerenes, Nanodiamonds, Graphene Quantum Dots), Carbon Foam, Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings.
- Published: November 2023
- Pages: 1,090
- Tables: 142
- Figures: 153
The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2023-2033 is an essential resource for anyone involved in the materials industry. This in-depth 1,000+ page market research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the advanced carbon materials market and leading technologies including carbon fibers, carbon black, graphite, biochar, graphene, nanotubes, nanodiamonds and more.
Advanced Carbon Materials possess unique mechanical, electrical, biological and chemical properties that have led to a variety of applications in electronics, energy storage, catalysis, filtration and sensing. The report provides extensive proprietary data on advanced carbon materials capacity, capacity utilization, production, trade, demand, applications, market share, and pricing.
Advanced Carbon Materials covered in this report include:
- Carbon fibers.
- Carbon black.
- Graphite.
- Graphene.
- Biochar.
- Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Fullerenes.
- Nanodiamonds.
- Graphene quantum dots.
- Carbon Foam.
- Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings.
The Global Market for Advanced Carbon Materials 2023-2033 evaluates market size, demand forecasts, industry challenges, competitive landscape, pricing trends, production capacities, key players and manufacturing techniques across multiple carbon material categories. Report contents include:
- Market drivers and trends.
- Properties and synthesis methods.
- Market segment analysis. Markets covered include carbon capture & utilization, composites, electrochemical energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), sensors, thermal management, adsorption, electromagnetic shielding, catalyst support, sensors and more.
- Price and price drivers.
- Market consumption of advanced carbon materials, by type.
- Production capacities, current and planned by material.
- >1,000 company profiles. Companies profiled include BC Biocarbon, Cabot Corporation, Carba, Carbitex, Dark Black Carbon, GrafTech International, Gratomic, Graphenea, Haydale Graphene Industries, Hexcel Corporation, Huntsman Corporation, Ibiden Co. Ltd., JEIO, LG Chem, Leading Edge Materials, Li-S Energy, Mattershift, Mitsubishi Chemical Carbon Fiber and Composites, Inc., Mersen, LLC, NextSource Materials, Nippon Techno-Carbon Co., Ltd., Teijin, UMATEX, Nanocyl SA, OCSiAl, Perpetual Next, Renergi, SEC Carbon, SGL Group, Showa Denko, Syrah Resources, Versarien and Zeon Corporation.
1 THE ADVANCED CARBON MATERIALS MARKET 49
- 1.1 Market overview 49
- 1.2 Role of advanced carbon materials in the green transition 50
2 CARBON FIBERS 51
- 2.1 Properties of carbon fibers 51
- 2.1.1 Types by modulus 53
- 2.1.2 Types by the secondary processing 53
- 2.2 Precursor material types 54
- 2.2.1 PAN: Polyacrylonitrile 55
- 2.2.1.1 Spinning 56
- 2.2.1.2 Stabilizing 56
- 2.2.1.3 Carbonizing 57
- 2.2.1.4 Surface treatment 57
- 2.2.1.5 Sizing 57
- 2.2.1.6 Pitch-based carbon fibers 57
- 2.2.1.7 Isotropic pitch 58
- 2.2.1.8 Mesophase pitch 59
- 2.2.1.9 Viscose (Rayon)-based carbon fibers 60
- 2.2.1 PAN: Polyacrylonitrile 55
- 2.3 Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) 60
- 2.3.1 Applications 60
- 2.4 Key players 62
- 2.5 Global markets 63
- 2.5.1 Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by industry (MT) 63
- 2.5.2 Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by industry (billions USD) 64
- 2.5.3 Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by region (MT) 65
- 2.6 Market drivers and trends 66
- 2.7 Market challenges 66
- 2.8 Future trends 68
- 2.9 Production capacities 68
- 2.9.1 Annual capacity, by producer 68
- 2.9.2 Market share, by capacity 69
- 2.10 Company profiles 70
- 2.10.1 Carbon fiber producers 70 (29 company profiles)
- 2.10.2 Carbon Fiber composite producers 92 (62 company profiles)
- 2.10.3 Carbon fiber recyclers 135 (16 company profiles)
3 CARBON BLACK 149
- 3.1 Commercially available carbon black 149
- 3.2 Properties 150
- 3.2.1 Particle size distribution 151
- 3.2.2 Structure-Aggregate size 152
- 3.2.3 Surface chemistry 153
- 3.2.4 Agglomerates 153
- 3.2.5 Colour properties 154
- 3.2.6 Porosity 155
- 3.2.7 Physical form 155
- 3.3 Manufacturing processes 156
- 3.4 Global market for carbon black 157
- 3.4.1 By market (tons) 157
- 3.4.2 By market (revenues) 158
- 3.4.3 By region (Tons) 158
- 3.5 Traditional markets 159
- 3.5.1.1 Tires and automotive 159
- 3.5.1.2 Non-Tire Rubber (Industrial rubber) 162
- 3.6 Growth markets 163
- 3.7 Market supply chain 164
- 3.8 Specialty carbon black 166
- 3.8.1 Global market size for specialty CB 168
- 3.9 Recovered carbon black (rCB) 169
- 3.9.1 Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires (ELT) 171
- 3.9.2 Discontinuous (“batch”) pyrolysis 172
- 3.9.3 Semi-continuous pyrolysis 173
- 3.9.4 Continuous pyrolysis 173
- 3.9.5 Key players 173
- 3.9.6 Global market size for Recovered Carbon Black 174
- 3.10 Pricing 175
- 3.10.1 Feedstock 175
- 3.10.2 Commercial carbon black 175
- 3.11 Production capacities 176
- 3.12 Company profiles 177 (36 company profiles)
4 GRAPHITE 195
- 4.1 Types of graphite 195
- 4.1.1 Natural vs synthetic graphite 196
- 4.2 Natural graphite 198
- 4.2.1 Classification 198
- 4.2.2 Processing 199
- 4.2.3 Flake 200
- 4.2.3.1 Grades 201
- 4.2.3.2 Applications 201
- 4.2.3.3 Spherical graphite 203
- 4.2.3.4 Expandable graphite 204
- 4.2.4 Amorphous graphite 204
- 4.2.4.1 Applications 205
- 4.2.5 Crystalline vein graphite 205
- 4.2.5.1 Applications 206
- 4.3 Synthetic graphite 206
- 4.3.1 Classification 207
- 4.3.1.1 Primary synthetic graphite 208
- 4.3.1.2 Secondary synthetic graphite 208
- 4.3.2 Processing 208
- 4.3.2.1 Processing for battery anodes 209
- 4.3.3 Issues with synthetic graphite production 210
- 4.3.4 Isostatic Graphite 210
- 4.3.4.1 Description 210
- 4.3.4.2 Markets 211
- 4.3.4.3 Producers and production capacities 211
- 4.3.5 Graphite electrodes 212
- 4.3.6 Extruded Graphite 213
- 4.3.7 Vibration Molded Graphite 214
- 4.3.8 Die-molded graphite 215
- 4.3.1 Classification 207
- 4.4 New technologies 215
- 4.5 Recycling of graphite materials 216
- 4.6 Applications of graphite 216
- 4.7 Graphite pricing (ton) 218
- 4.7.1 Pricing in 2023 219
- 4.8 Global market and production of graphite 220
- 4.8.1 Global mine production and reserves of natural graphite 221
- 4.8.2 Global graphite production in tonnes, 2016-2022 221
- 4.8.3 Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033 223
- 4.8.4 Synthetic graphite supply 224
- 4.8.5 Global market demand for graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes 225
- 4.8.5.1 Natural graphite 225
- 4.8.5.2 Synthetic graphite 226
- 4.8.6 Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2022 227
- 4.8.7 Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033 228
- 4.8.8 Demand by region 229
- 4.8.9 Main market players 230
- 4.8.9.1 Natural graphite 230
- 4.8.9.2 Synthetic graphite 230
- 4.8.10 Market supply chain 232
- 4.9 Company profiles 235 (95 company profiles)
5 BIOCHAR 314
- 5.1 What is biochar? 314
- 5.2 Carbon sequestration 315
- 5.3 Properties of biochar 316
- 5.4 Markets and applications 319
- 5.5 Biochar production 326
- 5.6 Feedstocks 326
- 5.7 Production processes 327
- 5.7.1 Sustainable production 328
- 5.7.2 Pyrolysis 329
- 5.7.2.1 Slow pyrolysis 329
- 5.7.2.2 Fast pyrolysis 330
- 5.7.3 Gasification 331
- 5.7.4 Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) 332
- 5.7.5 Torrefaction 332
- 5.7.6 Equipment manufacturers 333
- 5.8 Pricing 334
- 5.9 Carbon credits 335
- 5.10 Markets for biochar 336
- 5.10.1 Agriculture & livestock farming 336
- 5.10.1.1 Market drivers and trends 336
- 5.10.1.2 Applications 337
- 5.10.2 Construction materials 342
- 5.10.2.1 Market drivers and trends 342
- 5.10.2.2 Applications 342
- 5.10.3 Wastewater treatment 347
- 5.10.3.1 Market drivers and trends 347
- 5.10.3.2 Applications 348
- 5.10.4 Filtration 349
- 5.10.4.1 Market drivers and trends 349
- 5.10.4.2 Applications 349
- 5.10.5 Carbon capture 350
- 5.10.5.1 Market drivers and trends 350
- 5.10.5.2 Applications 350
- 5.10.6 Cosmetics 351
- 5.10.6.1 Market drivers and trends 351
- 5.10.6.2 Applications 351
- 5.10.7 Textiles 352
- 5.10.7.1 Market drivers and trends 352
- 5.10.7.2 Applications 352
- 5.10.8 Additive manufacturing 353
- 5.10.8.1 Market drivers and trends 353
- 5.10.8.2 Applications 353
- 5.10.9 Ink 354
- 5.10.9.1 Market drivers and trends 354
- 5.10.9.2 Applications 354
- 5.10.10 Polymers 355
- 5.10.10.1 Market drivers and trends 355
- 5.10.10.2 Applications 355
- 5.10.11 Packaging 356
- 5.10.11.1 Market drivers and trends 356
- 5.10.11.2 Applications 357
- 5.10.12 Steel and metal 358
- 5.10.12.1 Market drivers and trends 358
- 5.10.12.2 Applications 359
- 5.10.13 Energy 360
- 5.10.13.1 Market drivers and trends 360
- 5.10.13.2 Applications 360
- 5.10.1 Agriculture & livestock farming 336
- 5.11 Global market demand 364
- 5.12 Company profiles 367 (114 company profiles)
6 GRAPHENE 445
- 6.1 Types of graphene 445
- 6.2 Properties 446
- 6.3 Graphene market challenges 447
- 6.4 Graphene producers 448
- 6.4.1 Production capacities 449
- 6.5 Price and price drivers 451
- 6.5.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene 454
- 6.5.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing 455
- 6.5.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing 456
- 6.5.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing 457
- 6.5.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing 459
- 6.5.6 Graphene ink 459
- 6.6 Global demand 2018-2033, tons 460
- 6.6.1 Global demand by graphene material (tons) 460
- 6.6.2 Global demand by end user market 463
- 6.6.3 Graphene market, by region 464
- 6.6.4 Global graphene revenues, by market, 2018-2034 466
- 6.7 Company profiles 467 (360 company profiles)
7 CARBON NANOTUBES 759
- 7.1 Properties 760
- 7.1.1 Comparative properties of CNTs 761
- 7.2 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) 761
- 7.2.1 Applications and TRL 762
- 7.2.2 Producers 766
- 7.2.2.1 Production capacities 766
- 7.2.3 Price and price drivers 767
- 7.2.4 Global market demand 768
- 7.2.5 Company profiles 771 (138 company profiles)
- 7.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 885
- 7.3.1 Properties 885
- 7.3.2 Applications 886
- 7.3.3 Prices 888
- 7.3.4 Production capacities 889
- 7.3.5 Global market demand 890
- 7.3.6 Company profiles 891 (16 company profiles)
- 7.4 Other types 912
- 7.4.1 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 912
- 7.4.1.1 Properties 912
- 7.4.1.2 Applications 913
- 7.4.2 Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs) 914
- 7.4.2.1 Properties 914
- 7.4.2.2 Applications 914
- 7.4.3 Few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) 915
- 7.4.3.1 Properties 915
- 7.4.3.2 Applications 916
- 7.4.4 Carbon Nanohorns (CNHs) 917
- 7.4.4.1 Properties 917
- 7.4.4.2 Applications 917
- 7.4.5 Carbon Onions 918
- 7.4.5.1 Properties 918
- 7.4.5.2 Applications 919
- 7.4.6 Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) 920
- 7.4.6.1 Properties 920
- 7.4.6.2 Applications 921
- 7.4.6.3 Production 922
- 7.4.7 Companies 922 (6 company profiles)
- 7.4.1 Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) 912
8 CARBON NANOFIBERS 927
- 8.1 Properties 927
- 8.2 Synthesis 927
- 8.2.1 Chemical vapor deposition 927
- 8.2.2 Electrospinning 927
- 8.2.3 Template-based 928
- 8.2.4 From biomass 928
- 8.3 Markets 929
- 8.3.1 Batteries 929
- 8.3.2 Supercapacitors 929
- 8.3.3 Fuel cells 929
- 8.3.4 CO2 capture 930
- 8.4 Companies 931 (10 company profiles)
9 FULLERENES 938
- 9.1 Properties 938
- 9.2 Products 939
- 9.3 Markets and applications 940
- 9.4 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 941
- 9.5 Global market demand 941
- 9.6 Prices 942
- 9.7 Producers 944 (20 company profiles)
10 NANODIAMONDS 956
- 10.1 Types 956
- 10.1.1 Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) 960
- 10.2 Applications 960
- 10.3 Price and price drivers 964
- 10.4 Global demand 2018-2033, tonnes 965
- 10.5 Company profiles 967 (30 company profiles)
11 GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS 996
- 11.1 Comparison to quantum dots 997
- 11.2 Properties 998
- 11.3 Synthesis 998
- 11.3.1 Top-down method 998
- 11.3.2 Bottom-up method 999
- 11.4 Applications 1001
- 11.5 Graphene quantum dots pricing 1002
- 11.6 Graphene quantum dot producers 1003 (9 company profiles)
12 CARBON FOAM 1012
- 12.1 Types 1012
- 12.1.1 Carbon aerogels 1012
- 12.1.1.1 Carbon-based aerogel composites 1013
- 12.1.1 Carbon aerogels 1012
- 12.2 Properties 1013
- 12.3 Applications 1015
- 12.4 Company profiles 1016 (9 company profiles)
13 DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON (DLC) COATINGS 1024
- 13.1 Properties 1025
- 13.2 Applications and markets 1026
- 13.3 Global market size 1027
- 13.4 Company profiles 1029 (9 company profiles)
14 CARBON MATERIALS FROM CARBON CAPTURE AND UTILIZATION 1036
- 14.1 CO2 capture from point sources 1037
- 14.1.1 Transportation 1038
- 14.1.2 Global point source CO2 capture capacities 1039
- 14.1.3 By source 1040
- 14.1.4 By endpoint 1041
- 14.2 Main carbon capture processes 1042
- 14.2.1 Materials 1042
- 14.2.2 Post-combustion 1044
- 14.2.3 Oxy-fuel combustion 1046
- 14.2.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle 1047
- 14.2.5 Pre-combustion 1048
- 14.3 Carbon separation technologies 1049
- 14.3.1 Absorption capture 1051
- 14.3.2 Adsorption capture 1055
- 14.3.3 Membranes 1057
- 14.3.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture 1059
- 14.3.5 Chemical Looping-Based Capture 1060
- 14.3.6 Calix Advanced Calciner 1061
- 14.3.7 Other technologies 1062
- 14.3.7.1 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 1063
- 14.3.8 Comparison of key separation technologies 1064
- 14.3.9 Electrochemical conversion of CO2 1064
- 14.3.9.1 Process overview 1065
- 14.4 Direct air capture (DAC) 1068
- 14.4.1 Description 1068
- 14.5 Companies 1070 (4 company profiles)
15 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1074
16 REFERENCES 1075
List of Tables
- Table 1. The advanced carbon materials market. 49
- Table 2. Classification and types of the carbon fibers. 51
- Table 3. Summary of carbon fiber properties. 52
- Table 4. Modulus classifications of carbon fiber. 53
- Table 5. Comparison of main precursor fibers. 55
- Table 6. Summary of markets and applications for CFRPs. 60
- Table 7. Production capacities of carbon fiber producers, in metric tonnes, current and planned. 62
- Table 8. Market drivers and trends in carbon fibers. 66
- Table 9. Market challenges in the CF and CFRP market. 67
- Table 10. Production capacities of carbon fiber producers, in metric tonnes, current and planned. 68
- Table 11. Main Toray production sites and capacities. 89
- Table 12. Commercially available carbon black grades. 149
- Table 13. Properties of carbon black and influence on performance. 151
- Table 14. Carbon black compounds. 156
- Table 15. Carbon black manufacturing processes, advantages and disadvantages. 156
- Table 16. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by end user market (100,000 tons). 157
- Table 17. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by end user market (billion USD). 158
- Table 18. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by region (100,000 tons). 158
- Table 19: Market drivers for carbon black in the tire industry. 161
- Table 20. Global market for carbon black in tires (Million metric tons), 2018 to 2033. 162
- Table 21. Carbon black non-tire applications. 162
- Table 22. Market supply chain for carbon black. 164
- Table 23. Specialty carbon black demand, 2018-2033 (000s Tons), by market. 168
- Table 24. Categories for recovered carbon black (rCB) based on key properties and intended applications. 170
- Table 25. rCB post-treatment technologies. 171
- Table 26. Recovered carbon black producers. 173
- Table 27. Recovered carbon black demand, 2018-2033 (000s Tons), by market. 174
- Table 28 Pricing of carbon black. 175
- Table 29: Carbon black capacities, by producer. 176
- Table 30. Comparison between Natural and Synthetic Graphite. 196
- Table 31. Classification of natural graphite with its characteristics. 198
- Table 32. Characteristics of synthetic graphite. 207
- Table 33: Main markets and applications of isostatic graphite. 211
- Table 34. Current or planned production capacities for isostatic graphite. 211
- Table 35. Main graphite electrode producers and capacities (MT/year). 212
- Table 36. Markets and applications of graphite. 216
- Table 37. Classification, application and price of graphite as a function of size. 218
- Table 38. Estimated global mine Production of natural graphite 2020-2022, by country (tons). 221
- Table 39. Global production of graphite 2016-2022 MT. 222
- Table 40. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033. 223
- Table 41. Main natural graphite producers. 230
- Table 42. Main synthetic graphite producers. 231
- Table 43. Next Resources graphite flake products. 283
- Table 44. Summary of key properties of biochar. 316
- Table 45. Biochar physicochemical and morphological properties 317
- Table 46. Markets and applications for biochar. 319
- Table 47. Biochar feedstocks-source, carbon content, and characteristics. 326
- Table 48. Biochar production technologies, description, advantages and disadvantages. 328
- Table 49. Comparison of slow and fast pyrolysis for biomass. 331
- Table 50. Comparison of thermochemical processes for biochar production. 332
- Table 51. Biochar production equipment manufacturers. 333
- Table 52. Biochar applications in agriculture and livestock farming. 337
- Table 53. Effect of biochar on different soil properties. 338
- Table 54. Fertilizer products and their associated N, P, and K content. 339
- Table 55. Application of biochar in construction. 342
- Table 56. Process and benefits of biochar as an amendment in cement . 343
- Table 57. Application of biochar in asphalt. 345
- Table 58. Biochar applications for wastewater treatment. 348
- Table 59. Biochar in carbon capture overview. 350
- Table 60. Biochar in cosmetic products. 351
- Table 61. Biochar in textiles. 353
- Table 62. Biochar in additive manufacturing. 354
- Table 63. Biochar in ink. 355
- Table 64. Biochar in packaging. 357
- Table 65. Companies using biochar in packaging. 358
- Table 66. Biochar in steel and metal. 359
- Table 67. Summary of applications of biochar in energy. 360
- Table 68. Global demand for biochar 2018-2033 (1,000 tons), by market. 365
- Table 69. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof. 446
- Table 70. Graphene market challenges. 447
- Table 71. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2020. 449
- Table 72. Types of graphene and typical prices. 452
- Table 73. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer. 454
- Table 74. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer. 455
- Table 75. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer. 456
- Table 76. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer. 457
- Table 77. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer. 459
- Table 78. Graphene ink pricing by producer. 459
- Table 79. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2034 (tons). 461
- Table 80. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2034 (tons). 464
- Table 81. Performance criteria of energy storage devices. 753
- Table 82. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 760
- Table 83. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials. 761
- Table 84. Applications of MWCNTs. 762
- Table 85. Annual production capacity of the key MWCNT producers in 2023 (MT). 766
- Table 86. Carbon nanotubes pricing (MWCNTS, SWCNT etc.) by producer. 767
- Table 87. Properties of carbon nanotube paper. 871
- Table 88. Comparative properties of MWCNT and SWCNT. 885
- Table 89. Markets, benefits and applications of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. 886
- Table 90. SWCNTs pricing. 888
- Table 91. Annual production capacity of SWCNT producers. 889
- Table 92. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2033. 890
- Table 93. Chasm SWCNT products. 892
- Table 94. Thomas Swan SWCNT production. 909
- Table 95. Applications of Double-walled carbon nanotubes. 913
- Table 96. Markets and applications for Vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs). 914
- Table 97. Markets and applications for few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs). 916
- Table 98. Markets and applications for carbon nanohorns. 917
- Table 99. Comparative properties of BNNTs and CNTs. 920
- Table 100. Applications of BNNTs. 921
- Table 101. Comparison of synthesis methods for carbon nanofibers. 928
- Table 102. Market overview for fullerenes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 938
- Table 103. Types of fullerenes and applications. 939
- Table 104. Products incorporating fullerenes. 939
- Table 105. Markets, benefits and applications of fullerenes. 940
- Table 106. Global market demand for fullerenes, 2018-2033 (tons). 941
- Table 107. Example prices of fullerenes. 942
- Table 108. Properties of nanodiamonds. 958
- Table 109. Summary of types of NDS and production methods-advantages and disadvantages. 959
- Table 110. Markets, benefits and applications of nanodiamonds. 960
- Table 111. Pricing of nanodiamonds, by producer/distributor. 964
- Table 112. Demand for nanodiamonds (metric tonnes), 2018-2033. 965
- Table 113. Production methods, by main ND producers. 967
- Table 114. Adamas Nanotechnologies, Inc. nanodiamond product list. 969
- Table 115. Carbodeon Ltd. Oy nanodiamond product list. 973
- Table 116. Daicel nanodiamond product list. 976
- Table 117. FND Biotech Nanodiamond product list. 978
- Table 118. JSC Sinta nanodiamond product list. 982
- Table 119. Plasmachem product list and applications. 990
- Table 120. Ray-Techniques Ltd. nanodiamonds product list. 992
- Table 121. Comparison of ND produced by detonation and laser synthesis. 993
- Table 122. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 997
- Table 123. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs. 1000
- Table 124. Applications of graphene quantum dots. 1001
- Table 125. Prices for graphene quantum dots. 1002
- Table 126. Properties of carbon foam materials. 1014
- Table 127. Applications of carbon foams. 1015
- Table 128. Properties of Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. 1025
- Table 129. Applications and markets for Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. 1026
- Table 130. Global revenues for DLC coatings, 2018-2033 (Billion USD). 1027
- Table 131. Point source examples. 1037
- Table 132. Assessment of carbon capture materials 1042
- Table 133. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion. 1046
- Table 134. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture. 1049
- Table 135. Main capture processes and their separation technologies. 1049
- Table 136. Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview. 1051
- Table 137. Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption. 1053
- Table 138. Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview. 1055
- Table 139. Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview. 1057
- Table 140. Comparison of main separation technologies. 1064
- Table 141. CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages. 1065
- Table 142. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC. 1069
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Manufacturing process of PAN type carbon fibers. 56
- Figure 2. Production processes for pitch-based carbon fibers. 59
- Figure 3. Global carbon fiber demand 2016-2033, by industry (MT). 63
- Figure 4. Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by industry (MT). 64
- Figure 5. Global carbon fiber revenues 2016-2033, by region (MT). 65
- Figure 6. Carbon fiber manufacturing capacity in 2022, by company (metric tonnes) 69
- Figure 7. Neustark modular plant. 82
- Figure 8. CR-9 carbon fiber wheel. 104
- Figure 9. The Continuous Kinetic Mixing system. 110
- Figure 10. Chemical decomposition process of polyurethane foam. 144
- Figure 11. Electron microscope image of carbon black. 150
- Figure 12. Different shades of black, depending on the surface of Carbon Black. 152
- Figure 13. Structure- Aggregate Size/Shape Distribution. 152
- Figure 14. Surface Chemistry – Surface Functionality Distribution. 153
- Figure 15. Sequence of structure development of Carbon Black. 154
- Figure 16. Carbon Black pigment in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer. 155
- Figure 17. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by end user market (100,000 tons). 158
- Figure 18. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by end user market (millions USD). 158
- Figure 19. Global market for carbon black 2018-2033, by region (100,000 tons). 159
- Figure 20 Break-down of raw materials (by weight) used in a tire. 160
- Figure 21. Applications of specialty carbon black. 166
- Figure 22. Specialty carbon black market volume, 2018-2033 (000s Tons), by market. 169
- Figure 23. Pyrolysis process: from ELT to rCB, oil, and syngas, and applications thereof. 172
- Figure 24. Recovered carbon black demand, 2018-2033 (000s Tons), by market. 175
- Figure 25. Comparison of SEM micrographs of sphere-shaped natural graphite (NG; after several processing steps) and synthetic graphite (SG). 195
- Figure 26. Overview of graphite production, processing and applications. 197
- Figure 27. Flake graphite. 201
- Figure 28. Applications of flake graphite. 202
- Figure 29. Amorphous graphite. 205
- Figure 30. Vein graphite. 206
- Figure 31: Isostatic pressed graphite. 210
- Figure 32. Global market for graphite EAFs, 2018-2033 (MT). 213
- Figure 33. Extruded graphite rod. 214
- Figure 34. Vibration Molded Graphite. 214
- Figure 35. Die-molded graphite products. 215
- Figure 36. Price of fine flake graphite 2022-2023. 219
- Figure 37. Price of spherical graphite, 2022-2023. 220
- Figure 38. Global production of graphite 2016-2022 MT. 222
- Figure 39. Estimated global graphite production in tonnes, 2023-2033. 224
- Figure 40. Global market demand for natural graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes. 225
- Figure 41. Global market demand for synthetic graphite by end use market 2016-2033, tonnes. 226
- Figure 42. Consumption of graphite by end use markets, 2022. 227
- Figure 43. Demand for graphite by end use markets, 2033. 228
- Figure 44. Global consumption of graphite by type and region, 2022 229
- Figure 45. Graphite market supply chain (battery market). 234
- Figure 46. Biochars from different sources, and by pyrolyzation at different temperatures. 315
- Figure 47. Compressed biochar. 319
- Figure 48. Biochar production diagram. 327
- Figure 49. Pyrolysis process and by-products in agriculture. 330
- Figure 50. Perennial ryegrass plants grown in clay soil with (Right) and without (Left) biochar. 340
- Figure 51. Biochar bricks. 345
- Figure 52. Capchar prototype pyrolysis kiln. 380
- Figure 53. Made of Air's HexChar panels. 418
- Figure 54. Takavator. 439
- Figure 55. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. 446
- Figure 56. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2034 (tons). 462
- Figure 57. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2034 (tons). 463
- Figure 58. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2034 (tons). 465
- Figure 59. Global graphene revenues, by market, 2018-2034 (Millions USD). 466
- Figure 60. Graphene heating films. 467
- Figure 61. Graphene flake products. 473
- Figure 62. AIKA Black-T. 478
- Figure 63. Printed graphene biosensors. 486
- Figure 64. Prototype of printed memory device. 491
- Figure 65. Brain Scientific electrode schematic. 509
- Figure 66. Graphene battery schematic. 538
- Figure 67. Dotz Nano GQD products. 540
- Figure 68. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell. 548
- Figure 69. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production. 560
- Figure 70. Wearable sweat sensor. 599
- Figure 71. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 606
- Figure 72. BioStamp nPoint. 643
- Figure 73. Nanotech Energy battery. 664
- Figure 74. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 667
- Figure 75. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 668
- Figure 76. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 669
- Figure 77. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 670
- Figure 78. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445. 690
- Figure 79. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 693
- Figure 80. Thermal conductive graphene film. 709
- Figure 81. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint. 722
- Figure 82. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 726
- Figure 83. Demand for MWCNT by application in 2022. 769
- Figure 84. Market demand for carbon nanotubes by market, 2018-2033 (metric tons). 770
- Figure 85. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype. 775
- Figure 86. Large transparent heater for LiDAR. 789
- Figure 87. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology. 791
- Figure 88. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 804
- Figure 89. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic. 807
- Figure 90. CSCNT composite dispersion. 808
- Figure 91. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. 813
- Figure 92. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product. 818
- Figure 93. NAWACap. 839
- Figure 94. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 840
- Figure 95. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 841
- Figure 96. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 842
- Figure 97. CNT film. 845
- Figure 98. Shinko Carbon Nanotube TIM product. 860
- Figure 99. SWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2033. 890
- Figure 100. Schematic of a fluidized bed reactor which is able to scale up the generation of SWNTs using the CoMoCAT process. 893
- Figure 101. Carbon nanotube paint product. 898
- Figure 102. MEIJO eDIPS product. 899
- Figure 103. HiPCO® Reactor. 903
- Figure 104. Smell iX16 multi-channel gas detector chip. 907
- Figure 105. The Smell Inspector. 907
- Figure 106. Toray CNF printed RFID. 910
- Figure 107. Double-walled carbon nanotube bundle cross-section micrograph and model. 913
- Figure 108. Schematic of a vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) membrane used for water treatment. 915
- Figure 109. TEM image of FWNTs. 915
- Figure 110. Schematic representation of carbon nanohorns. 917
- Figure 111. TEM image of carbon onion. 919
- Figure 112. Schematic of Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). Alternating B and N atoms are shown in blue and red. 920
- Figure 113. Conceptual diagram of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) (A) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (B) showing typical dimensions of length, width, and separation distance between graphene layers in MWCNTs (Source: JNM). 922
- Figure 114. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 925
- Figure 115. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for fullerenes. 941
- Figure 116. Global market demand for fullerenes, 2018-2033 (tons). 942
- Figure 117. Detonation Nanodiamond. 956
- Figure 118. DND primary particles and properties. 957
- Figure 119. Functional groups of Nanodiamonds. 958
- Figure 120. Demand for nanodiamonds (metric tonnes), 2018-2033. 966
- Figure 121. NBD battery. 985
- Figure 122. Neomond dispersions. 987
- Figure 123. Visual representation of graphene oxide sheets (black layers) embedded with nanodiamonds (bright white points). 989
- Figure 124. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots. 996
- Figure 125. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4). 997
- Figure 126. Graphene quantum dots. 999
- Figure 127. Top-down and bottom-up methods. 1000
- Figure 128. Dotz Nano GQD products. 1003
- Figure 129. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination. 1007
- Figure 130. Quantag GQDs and sensor. 1008
- Figure 131. Schematic of typical microstructure of carbon foam: (a) open-cell, (b) closed-cell. 1012
- Figure 132. Classification of DLC coatings. 1025
- Figure 133. Global revenues for DLC coatings, 2018-2033 (Billion USD). 1028
- Figure 134. CO2 capture and separation technology. 1037
- Figure 135. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities. 1039
- Figure 136. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021. 1040
- Figure 137. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030. 1041
- Figure 138. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2021 and 2030. 1042
- Figure 139. Post-combustion carbon capture process. 1045
- Figure 140. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant. 1045
- Figure 141. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process. 1047
- Figure 142. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process. 1048
- Figure 143. Pre-combustion carbon capture process. 1049
- Figure 144. Amine-based absorption technology. 1052
- Figure 145. Pressure swing absorption technology. 1057
- Figure 146. Membrane separation technology. 1059
- Figure 147. Liquid or supercritical CO2 (cryogenic) distillation. 1060
- Figure 148. Process schematic of chemical looping. 1061
- Figure 149. Calix advanced calcination reactor. 1062
- Figure 150. Fuel Cell CO2 Capture diagram. 1063
- Figure 151. Electrochemical CO₂ reduction products. 1065
- Figure 152. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse. 1069
- Figure 153. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario. 1069
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