The Global Market for Nanocellulose: Microbial cellulose, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals and bacterial cellulose

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1     Market snapshot................................................................................................................................... 27
• 1.2     Markets and applications....................................................................................................................... 29
• 1.3     Nanocellulose production capacities, in tons........................................................................................... 32
  • 1.3.1       Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2019.................................................................. 33
  • 1.3.2       Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2019............................................................ 33
  • 1.3.3       Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2019.............................................................. 34
• 1.4     Main market opportunities in nanocellulose............................................................................................. 35
• 1.5     Global production of nanocellulose......................................................................................................... 37
• 1.5.1       Production plants and production status........................................................................................ 38
• 1.6     Market trends in nanocellulose............................................................................................................... 39
• 1.7     Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose.................................................................................... 40
• 1.8     Global nanocellulose market size........................................................................................................... 41
  • 1.8.1       The market for nanocellulose in 2017............................................................................................ 41
  • 1.8.2       The market for nanocellulose in 2018............................................................................................ 42
  • 1.8.3       Current nanocellulose commercial products................................................................................... 43
  • 1.8.4       Global nanocellulose market, 2018–2030, tons.............................................................................. 46
  • 1.8.5       Nanocellulose market by region.................................................................................................... 51

2    RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

3    INTRODUCTION

• 3.1     Cellulose.............................................................................................................................................. 59
• 3.2     Nanocellulose....................................................................................................................................... 59
• 3.3     Properties of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 60
• 3.4     Advantages of nanocellulose................................................................................................................. 61
• 3.5     Manufacture of nanocellulose................................................................................................................ 61
• 3.6     Production methods.............................................................................................................................. 62
• 3.7     Types of nanocellulose.......................................................................................................................... 63
  • 3.7.1       Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 65
  • 3.7.2       Cellulose nanofibers (CNF).......................................................................................................... 66
    • 3.7.2.1    Applications............................................................................................................................ 66
  • 3.7.3       Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)....................................................................................................... 67
    • 3.7.3.1    Properties............................................................................................................................... 69
    • 3.7.3.2    Applications............................................................................................................................ 69
  • 3.7.4       Bacterial Cellulose (BC)............................................................................................................... 71
    • 3.7.4.1    Applications............................................................................................................................ 71
• 3.8     Synthesis............................................................................................................................................. 72
  • 3.8.1       Microcrystalline cellulose (MC)..................................................................................................... 72
  • 3.8.2       Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 73
  • 3.8.3       Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF)..................................................................................................... 73
  • 3.8.4       Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)....................................................................................................... 74
  • 3.8.5       Bacterial cellulose particles (BC)................................................................................................... 74

4    MARKET STRUCTURE FOR NANOCELLULOSE

• 4.1     Volume of industry demand for nanocellulose......................................................................................... 76
• 4.2     Current end users for nanocellulose, by market and company.................................................................. 77

5    SWOT ANALYSIS

6 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

7    GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR NANOCELLULOSE

8    TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (TRL)

9    NANOCELLULOSE SUPPLY CHAIN

10 NANOCELLULOSE PRICING

11 NANOCELLULOSE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS

13 MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE

• 13.1  NANOCELLULOSE IN PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES...................................................................... 99
  • 13.1.1     Trends in the plastics and composites market and nanocellulose solutions.................................... 100
  • 13.1.2     Comparison of nanocellulose to other composite materials........................................................... 101
  • 13.1.3     Applications............................................................................................................................... 101
    • 13.1.3.1       By cellulose type.............................................................................................................. 102
    • 13.1.3.2       Applications roadmap....................................................................................................... 103
  • 13.1.4     Global market for nanocellulose in composites............................................................................. 103
• 13.2        NANOCELLULOSE IN AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE..................................................................... 105
  • 13.2.1     Market trends and nanocellulose solution.................................................................................... 105
  • 13.2.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 106
    • 13.2.2.1       Composites...................................................................................................................... 106
  • 13.2.3     Global market for nanocellulose in the aircraft and aerospace market............................................ 106
    • 13.2.3.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 106
    • 13.2.3.2       Global demand in tons in aircraft and aerospace................................................................ 106
  • 13.2.4     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 107
  • 13.2.5     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 108
• 13.3        NANOCELLULOSE IN AUTOMOTIVE............................................................................................. 109
  • 13.3.1     Market trends and nanocellulose solution.................................................................................... 109
  • 13.3.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 111
    • 13.3.2.1       Composites...................................................................................................................... 112
  • 13.3.3     Global market for nanocellulose in the automotive industry........................................................... 113
  • 13.3.4     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 115
  • 13.3.5     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 116
• 13.4        NANOCELLULOSE IN CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS............................................................. 118
  • 13.4.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 118
  • 13.4.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 119
    • 13.4.2.1       Cellulose nanocrystals...................................................................................................... 119
    • 13.4.2.2       Cellulose nanocrystals...................................................................................................... 120
  • 13.4.3     Global market for nanocellulose in construction............................................................................ 120
    • 13.4.3.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 120
    • 13.4.3.2       Global demand in tons in construction................................................................................ 121
  • 13.4.4     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 122
  • 13.4.5     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 122
• 13.5        NANOCELLULOSE IN PAPER AND BOARD/PACKAGING.............................................................. 123
  • 13.5.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 123
  • 13.5.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 127
  • 13.5.3     Properties.................................................................................................................................. 128
    • 13.5.3.1       Reinforcing agents............................................................................................................ 128
    • 13.5.3.2       Transparency and flexibility............................................................................................... 129
    • 13.5.3.3       Paper packaging.............................................................................................................. 129
    • 13.5.3.4       Paper coatings................................................................................................................. 129
      • 13.5.3.4.1    Improved surface properties and print quality................................................................. 129
    • 13.5.3.5       Anti-microbials.................................................................................................................. 129
    • 13.5.3.6       Packaging........................................................................................................................ 129
    • 13.5.3.7       Anti-bacterial.................................................................................................................... 130
    • 13.5.3.8       Gas barrier....................................................................................................................... 130
  • 13.5.4     Global market for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging........................................................ 133
    • 13.5.4.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 133
    • 13.5.4.2       Global demand in tons in paper & board............................................................................ 133
  • 13.5.5     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 134
  • 13.5.6     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 135
• 13.6        NANOCELLULOSE IN TEXTILES AND APPAREL........................................................................... 137
  • 13.6.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 137
  • 13.6.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 138
    • 13.6.2.1       Sanitary products............................................................................................................. 138
    • 13.6.2.2       Hygiene and absorbent products....................................................................................... 138
  • 13.6.3     Global market for nanocellulose in textiles................................................................................... 140
    • 13.6.3.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 140
  • 13.6.4     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 141
  • 13.6.5     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 142
• 13.7        NANOCELLULOSE IN BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE.............................................................. 143
• 13.7.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 143
• 13.7.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 144
• 13.7.2.1       Cellulose nanofibers......................................................................................................... 144
• 13.7.2.2       Cellulose nanocrystals...................................................................................................... 145
• 13.7.2.3       Drug delivery.................................................................................................................... 145
• 13.7.2.4       Medical implants............................................................................................................... 145
• 13.7.2.5       Tissue engineering........................................................................................................... 146
• 13.7.2.6       Wound dressings.............................................................................................................. 146
• 13.7.2.7       Lateral flow immunoassay labels....................................................................................... 146
• 13.7.3     Global market for nanocellulose in medical & healthcare.............................................................. 147
• 13.7.3.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 147
• 13.7.4     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 148
• 13.8        NANOCELLULOSE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS............................................................................. 150
  • 13.8.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 150
  • 13.8.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 152
    • 13.8.2.1       Abrasion and scratch resistance........................................................................................ 152
    • 13.8.2.2       Wood coatings................................................................................................................. 153
    • 13.8.2.3       Anti-counterfeiting films..................................................................................................... 153
    • 13.8.2.4       Gas barriers..................................................................................................................... 153
  • 13.8.3     Global market for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................................. 153
    • 13.8.3.1       Applications market readiness and market acceptability analysis......................................... 155
  • 13.8.4     Market challenges...................................................................................................................... 157
  • 13.8.5     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 158
• 13.9        NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROGELS................................................................................................. 160
  • 13.9.1     Market drivers and trends........................................................................................................... 160
  • 13.9.2     Applications............................................................................................................................... 160
    • 13.9.2.1       Thermal insulation............................................................................................................ 161
    • 13.9.2.2       Shape memory................................................................................................................. 161
  • 13.9.3     Global market for nanocellulose in aerogels................................................................................. 161
    • 13.9.3.1       Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, tons............................................................. 161
  • 13.9.4     Product developer profiles.......................................................................................................... 162
• 13.10      NANOCELLULOSE IN OIL AND GAS.............................................................................................. 164
  • 13.10.1        Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 164
  • 13.10.2        Applications.......................................................................................................................... 165
    • 13.10.2.1     Cellulose nanofibers......................................................................................................... 165
    • 13.10.2.2     Oil and fracking drilling fluids............................................................................................. 166
    • 13.10.2.3     Water-based drilling fluids................................................................................................. 166
      • 13.10.2.3.1    Cellulose nanofibers................................................................................................... 166
      • 13.10.2.3.2    Cellulose nanocrystals................................................................................................ 167
    • 13.10.2.4     Extraction......................................................................................................................... 167
  • 13.10.3        Global nanocellulose market in oil and gas.............................................................................. 167
    • 13.10.3.1     Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas............................................................ 168
    • 13.10.3.2     Global demand in tons in oil and gas................................................................................. 169
  • 13.10.4        Market challenges................................................................................................................. 170
  • 13.10.5        Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 171
• 13.11      NANOCELLULOSE IN FILTRATION................................................................................................ 172
  • 13.11.1        Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 172
  • 13.11.2        Applications.......................................................................................................................... 173
    • 13.11.2.1     CNF membranes and filters............................................................................................... 174
    • 13.11.2.2     Water filtration.................................................................................................................. 175
    • 13.11.2.3     Air filtration....................................................................................................................... 176
    • 13.11.2.4     Virus filtration................................................................................................................... 177
  • 13.11.3        Global market for nanocellulose in filtration and separation...................................................... 177
    • 13.11.3.1     Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration and separation......................................... 178
    • 13.11.3.2     Global demand for nanocellulose in filtration, tons.............................................................. 179
  • 13.11.4        Market challenges................................................................................................................. 180
  • 13.11.5        Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 180
• 13.12      NANOCELLULOSE IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS............................................................................. 182
  • 13.12.1        Applications.......................................................................................................................... 182
    • 13.12.1.1     Cellulose nanofibers......................................................................................................... 182
    • 13.12.1.2     Cellulose nanocrystals...................................................................................................... 183
    • 13.12.1.3     Food................................................................................................................................ 183
    • 13.12.1.4     Pharmaceuticals............................................................................................................... 184
    • 13.12.1.5     Cosmetics........................................................................................................................ 184
  • 13.12.2        Global market for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.............................................................. 184
  • 13.12.3        Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 185
• 13.13      NANOCELLULOSE IN PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS......................... 186
  • 13.13.1        Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 186
  • 13.13.2        Applications.......................................................................................................................... 187
    • 13.13.2.1     Wearable electronics........................................................................................................ 188
    • 13.13.2.2     Nanopaper....................................................................................................................... 190
    • 13.13.2.3     Paper memory.................................................................................................................. 192
    • 13.13.2.4     Conductive inks................................................................................................................ 192
  • 13.13.3        Global market size and opportunity......................................................................................... 192
    • 13.13.3.1     Market assessment for nanocellulose in printed and flexible electronics............................... 192
  • 13.13.4        Market challenges................................................................................................................. 194
  • 13.13.5        Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 195
• 13.14      NANOCELLULOSE IN 3D PRINTING.............................................................................................. 197
  • 13.14.1        Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 197
  • 13.14.2        Applications.......................................................................................................................... 198
  • 13.14.3        Global market size and opportunity......................................................................................... 198
    • 13.14.3.1     Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing............................................................ 198
  • 13.14.4        Market challenges................................................................................................................. 199
  • 13.14.5        Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 199

14 NANOCELLULOSE CURRENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS

• 14.1        Potential for high-volume consuming nanocellulose applications........................................................ 200
  • 14.1.1     Polymer composite parts............................................................................................................ 200
  • 14.1.2     Bioplastics................................................................................................................................. 202
  • 14.1.3     Packaging films.......................................................................................................................... 203
  • 14.1.4     Aerogels.................................................................................................................................... 203
  • 14.1.5     Construction materials................................................................................................................ 204
    • 14.1.5.1       Cement............................................................................................................................ 204
    • 14.1.5.2       Ultra-high-performance concrete....................................................................................... 204
  • 14.1.6     Paint and coatings additives....................................................................................................... 205
  • 14.1.7     Hygiene and absorbent products................................................................................................. 206
  • 14.1.8     Tyres......................................................................................................................................... 206
• 14.2        Potential global nanocellulose demand by application....................................................................... 207

15 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES

16 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCERS

17 BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC) PRODUCERS

18 NANOCELLULOSE RESEARCH GROUPS AND CENTRES

19 REFERENCES

TABLES

• Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications....................................... 27
• Table 2: Markets and applications for nanocellulose.............................................................................................. 29
• Table 3: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................. 32
• Table 4: CNF producer capacities........................................................................................................................ 33
• Table 5: MFC producer capacities 2019................................................................................................................ 34
• Table 6: Cellulose nanocrystal producer capacities 2019....................................................................................... 34
• Table 7: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application.............................................................. 35
• Table 8: Nanocellulose (CNF, MFC, NCC) production plants worldwide and production status................................. 38
• Table 9: Market trends in nanocellulose................................................................................................................ 39
• Table 10: Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose................................................................................... 40
• Table 11: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total.................................. 48
• Table 12: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030........................................................ 50
• Table 13: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030............................................................. 51
• Table 14: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2018, tons (total excludes MFC)............................................. 53
• Table 15: Properties and applications of nanocellulose.......................................................................................... 62
• Table 16: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials........................................... 64
• Table 17: Types of nanocellulose......................................................................................................................... 66
• Table 18: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)............................................................................................. 68
• Table 19. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).............................................................................. 70
• Table 20: CNC sources, size and yield................................................................................................................. 71
• Table 21: CNC properties.................................................................................................................................... 72
• Table 22. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials............................................................ 72
• Table 23: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)...................................................................................... 73
• Table 24: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC).................................................................................................. 74
• Table 25: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications...................... 75
• Table 26: Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications........................ 76
• Table 27: Nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications......................... 76
• Table 28: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications.......................... 77
• Table 29: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications.......................... 77
• Table 30: Current and potential end users for nanocellulose, by market and company............................................. 80
• Table 31: SWOT analysis of nanocellulose........................................................................................................... 82
• Table 32: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose................................................................................................. 85
• Table 33: Global nanocellulose market supply chain analysis................................................................................. 90
• Table 34: Product/price/application matrix of nanocellulose producers.................................................................... 92
• Table 35: Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 1997-2017.................................................................... 95
• Table 36: Nanocellulose patents and scientific articles by organisation................................................................... 96
• Table 37: Main patent assignees for CNC............................................................................................................. 97
• Table 38: Main patent assignees for CNF............................................................................................................. 97
• Table 39: Main patent assignees for BCC............................................................................................................. 97
• Table 40: Price comparison of nanocellulose applications versus entry price of other materials in composites........... 98
• Table 41. Main applications for carbon fibers, volumes, potential for nanocellulose to gain market share................ 101
• Table 42: Global demand for nanocellulose in 2018, tons..................................................................................... 102
• Table 43: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the plastics and composites market....................... 103
• Table 44: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials...................................................... 104
• Table 45: Applications of nanocellulose in polymer composites by cellulose type................................................... 105
• Table 46: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the polymer composites market................................................... 106
• Table 47: Global market demand for nanocellulose in plastics and composites, 2018-2030 (tons).......................... 106
• Table 48: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in aircraft and aerospace market............................... 108
• Table 49: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in aircraft and aerospace........................................... 109
• Table 50: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons)................................ 109
• Table 51: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the aircraft and aerospace market..................................... 111
• Table 52: Companies developing nanocellulose products aircraft and aerospace, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 111
• Table 53: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers.................................................... 113
• Table 54: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the automotive sector............................................. 117
• Table 55: Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 117
• Table 56: Applications and commercialization challenges for nanocellulose in the automotive market..................... 118
• Table 57: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the automotive market...................................................... 119
• Table 58: Companies developing nanocellulose products in the automotive industry, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 119
• Table 59: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in construction market.............................................. 121
• Table 60: Comparison of CNC with steel and other materials............................................................................... 123
• Table 61: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the construction industry........................................ 124
• Table 62: Market demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)...................................................... 124
• Table 63: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the construction, building protection and architectural exterior coatings market.......................................................................................................................................... 125
• Table 64: Nanocellulose in construction-Companies and products........................................................................ 126
• Table 65: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the paper and board market.................................. 127
• Table 66: Examples of antimicrobial immobilization into cellulose nanofibers......................................................... 131
• Table 67: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paper and board markets...................................................... 131
• Table 68: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers............................................................................................................ 135
• Table 69: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in packaging.................................................................................................................................................................. 135
• Table 70: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board.................................................... 136
• Table 71: Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons).................................... 137
• Table 72: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the paper and board market............................................. 139
• Table 73: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 139
• Table 74: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the textiles market................................................ 141
• Table 75: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 143
• Table 76: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in textiles.................................................................. 144
• Table 77: Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2030 (tons)......................................................................... 144
• Table 78: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the textiles market........................................................... 145
• Table 79: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 146
• Table 80: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the medicine and healthcare market..................... 147
• Table 81: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in the medicine and healthcare markets................................... 148
• Table 82: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare.......................................... 151
• Table 83: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 151
• Table 84: Nanocellulose product developers in medical and healthcare applications.............................................. 153
• Table 85: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the paints and coatings market............................. 155
• Table 86: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paints and coatings markets.................................................. 157
• Table 87: Market assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................................. 160
• Table 88: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in coatings and films........................................................................................................................................................... 160
• Table 89: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................ 161
• Table 90: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................. 161
• Table 91: Market challenges for Nanocellulose in coatings................................................................................... 162
• Table 92: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the coatings and films market........................................... 163
• Table 93: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 164
• Table 94: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the aerogels market............................................. 165
• Table 95: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the aerogels market.................................................................... 165
• Table 96: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................................ 166
• Table 97: Nanocellulose product developers in aerogels...................................................................................... 167
• Table 98: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the filtration market.............................................. 169
• Table 99: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the oil market............................................................................. 170
• Table 100: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in oil and gas.................................................................................................................................................................. 173
• Table 101: Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas............................................................................ 173
• Table 102: Nanocellulose in the oil and gas market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact........................................................................................................................................................ 174
• Table 103: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)...................................... 174
• Table 104: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the oil and gas exploration market................................... 175
• Table 105: Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration................................................................ 176
• Table 106: Market drivers, trends and nanocellulose solutions in the filtration market............................................. 177
• Table 107: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the filtration market................................................................... 178
• Table 108: Types of filtration.............................................................................................................................. 179
• Table 109: CNF membranes.............................................................................................................................. 180
• Table 110: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in filtration. 182
• Table 111: Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration................................................................................ 183
• Table 112: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the filtration industry............................................. 183
• Table 113: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................... 184
• Table 114: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the filtration market........................................................ 185
• Table 115: Companies developing nanocellulose products in filtration, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 185
• Table 116: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the rheology modifiers market................................................... 187
• Table 117: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)........................... 190
• Table 118: Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers...................................................................... 191
• Table 119: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the printed and flexible electronics market........... 192
• Table 120: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in flexible electronics............................................................ 193
• Table 121: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)................................................... 194
• Table 122: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films.................................................................... 197
• Table 123: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in electronics.................................................................................................................................................................. 198
• Table 124: Market assessment for nanocellulose in the flexible and printed electronics sector................................ 199
• Table 125: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in flexible electronics............................................... 200
• Table 126: Market challenges for use of Nanocellulose in printed and flexible electronics....................................... 200
• Table 127: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the printed and flexible electronics market....................... 201
• Table 128: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in paper electronics, applications targeted and stage of commercialization....................................................................................................................................... 201
• Table 129: Market drivers, trends and Nanocellulose solutions in the 3D printing market........................................ 203
• Table 130: Applications of Nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................................................ 204
• Table 131: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................... 204
• Table 132: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the 3D printing market.................................................... 205
• Table 133: Companies developing nanocellulose 3D printing products.................................................................. 205
• Table 134: Classification of nanocellulose applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption............................................................................................................................................... 206
• Table 135: Nanocellulose for composite parts. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 206
• Table 136: Nanocellulose for bioplastics. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 208
• Table 137. Nanocellulose for packaging films. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 209
• Table 138. Nanocellulose for aerogels. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 209
• Table 139. Nanocellulose for cement. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.............................. 210
• Table 140. Nanocellulose for ultra-high-performance concrete. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................................................................................................................................................................. 210
• Table 141. Nanocellulose for paint and coating additives. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................. 211
• Table 142. Nanocellulose for Hygiene and absorbent products. Application, key benefits, competing materials, Nanocellulose working concentration, global market demand and growth, potential for Nanocellulose penetration.................................................................................................................................................................. 212
• Table 143. Application of nanocellulose in tires in automotive tyres....................................................................... 212
• Table 144. Potential global nanocellulose demand by application......................................................................... 213
• Table 145: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced............................................................ 214
• Table 146: Target market, by nanocellulose producer.......................................................................................... 216
• Table 147: Oji Holdings CNF products................................................................................................................ 277
• Table 148: CNC producers and production capacities.......................................................................................... 315
• Table 149: Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer............................................................................... 316

FIGURES

• Figure 1: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................ 34
• Figure 2: CNF wet powder................................................................................................................................... 39
• Figure 3: Cellulose nanofiber transparent sheet.................................................................................................... 43
• Figure 4: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)................................................................... 43
• Figure 5: XCNF................................................................................................................................................... 44
• Figure 6: Nanocellulose-based commercial products............................................................................................. 45
• Figure 7. Dorayaki............................................................................................................................................... 45
• Figure 8. ENASAVE NEXT.................................................................................................................................. 45
• Figure 9. GEL-KAYANO™................................................................................................................................... 46
• Figure 10. Kirekira! toilet wipes............................................................................................................................ 46
• Figure 11. "Poise" series Super strong deodorant sheet........................................................................................ 46
• Figure 12. SC-3 (B) speakers............................................................................................................................... 47
• Figure 13. SE-MONITOR5 headphones................................................................................................................ 47
• Figure 14. "Skin Care Acty" series Adult diapers................................................................................................... 47
• Figure 15. "SURISURI" Lotion.............................................................................................................................. 48
• Figure 16: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons). total................................ 50
• Figure 17: Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market, 2018-2030....................................................... 51
• Figure 18: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030............................................................ 53
• Figure 19: Regional demand for cellulose nanofibers, 2018................................................................................... 54
• Figure 20: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit............................................................................................................... 62
• Figure 21: Scale of cellulose materials.................................................................................................................. 63
• Figure 22: Types of nanocellulose........................................................................................................................ 66
• Figure 23: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses.......................................................................... 67
• Figure 24: CNF gel.............................................................................................................................................. 69
• Figure 25. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.................................................................................................... 71
• Figure 26. CNC preparation................................................................................................................................. 71
• Figure 27: Extracting CNC from trees................................................................................................................... 72
• Figure 28: CNC slurry.......................................................................................................................................... 74
• Figure 29: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocellulose producer................................................ 80
• Figure 30: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanocellulose............................................................................ 90
• Figure 31: (a) Number of research publications on the different nomenclatures of nanocellulosic materials per year during the last decade. (b) Cumulative number of research article number published per nomenclature............. 95
• Figure 32:  Nanocellulose patents by field of application........................................................................................ 96
• Figure 33: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................ 108
• Figure 34: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 111
• Figure 35: Nanomaterials-based automotive components.................................................................................... 115
• Figure 36: CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project............................................................................................................................................. 116
• Figure 37: The structure of the CNF-based front hood......................................................................................... 117
• Figure 38. Interior of NCV concept car................................................................................................................ 117
• Figure 39: CNF composite................................................................................................................................. 117
• Figure 40: Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................ 119
• Figure 41: Nanowood with hierarchically aligned cellulose nanofibrils for insulation................................................ 124
• Figure 42: Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)................................................................ 126
• Figure 43: Example process for producing NFC packaging film............................................................................ 131
• Figure 44: Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)............................. 139
• Figure 45: CNF deodorant products.................................................................................................................... 143
• Figure 46: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 144
• Figure 47: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2030 (tons).................................................................. 146
• Figure 48: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................... 153
• Figure 49. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.................................. 160
• Figure 50: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................. 163
• Figure 51: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................................... 168
• Figure 52: Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery.............................. 171
• Figure 53: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 176
• Figure 54: Nanocellulose virus filter paper........................................................................................................... 183
• Figure 55: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................ 185
• Figure 56. Viscosity vs. shear rate of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) alone, HEC Viscosity of HEC with various concentrations of CNC................................................................................................................................ 189
• Figure 57: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................ 192
• Figure 58: Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials.................................................................... 195
• Figure 59:  Cellulose nanofiber films................................................................................................................... 196
• Figure 60: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper............................................................................................... 197
• Figure 61: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF.............................................................. 197
• Figure 62: Foldable nanopaper........................................................................................................................... 198
• Figure 63: Foldable nanopaper antenna.............................................................................................................. 198
• Figure 64: Paper memory (ReRAM).................................................................................................................... 199
• Figure 65: 3D printed CNF in Paper Microfluidics devices.................................................................................... 204
• Figure 66. American Process, Inc. CNF production process................................................................................. 221
• Figure 67: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.................................................................................................. 225
• Figure 68: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet............................................................................................................. 226
• Figure 69: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric............................................................. 226
• Figure 70: CNF nonwoven fabric........................................................................................................................ 227
• Figure 71. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process.................................................................................... 230
• Figure 72. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.................................................................................. 237
• Figure 73. nanoforest-S..................................................................................................................................... 237
• Figure 74. nanoforest-PDP................................................................................................................................. 238
• Figure 75. nanoforest-MB.................................................................................................................................. 238
• Figure 76. Daicel Corporation CNF production process........................................................................................ 239
• Figure 77: Trunk lid incorporating CNF................................................................................................................ 240
• Figure 78. Daio Paper CNF production process................................................................................................... 242
• Figure 79. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.......................................................................................................... 243
• Figure 80. Kirekira! toilet wipes........................................................................................................................... 243
• Figure 81. Color CNF......................................................................................................................................... 244
• Figure 82. DIC Products CNF production process................................................................................................ 246
• Figure 83. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process................................................................................................ 247
• Figure 84: Rheocrysta spray.............................................................................................................................. 248
• Figure 85: CNF based on citrus peel................................................................................................................... 249
• Figure 86. Imerys CNF production process......................................................................................................... 251
• Figure 87: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)............................................................... 253
• Figure 88: CNF products from Furukawa Electric................................................................................................. 254
• Figure 89: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.................................................................................................................................................................. 255
• Figure 90: CNF gel............................................................................................................................................ 256
• Figure 91: Block nanocellulose material.............................................................................................................. 257
• Figure 92: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu................................................................................................ 257
• Figure 93. Innventia CNF production process...................................................................................................... 259
• Figure 94: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant................................................................................. 260
• Figure 95: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins................................................................................ 262
• Figure 96: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side)..................... 263
• Figure 97. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process............................................................................... 265
• Figure 98. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products..................................................................................... 267
• Figure 99: CNF slurries...................................................................................................................................... 269
• Figure 100: Nanocell serum product................................................................................................................... 270
• Figure 101: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp............................................................................................. 272
• Figure 102: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic......................................................................................... 272
• Figure 103. Nippon Paper CNF production process............................................................................................. 274
• Figure 104: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers.............................................................................................. 275
• Figure 105: CNF wet powder.............................................................................................................................. 277
• Figure 106: CNF transparent film........................................................................................................................ 278
• Figure 107: Transparent CNF sheets.................................................................................................................. 278
• Figure 108. Oji Paper CNF production process.................................................................................................... 279
• Figure 109: CNF clear sheets............................................................................................................................. 280
• Figure 110: Fluorene cellulose ® powder............................................................................................................ 282
• Figure 111. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process........................................................................... 283
• Figure 112: XCNF............................................................................................................................................. 285
• Figure 113: CNF insulation flat plates................................................................................................................. 287
• Figure 114. Seiko PMC CNF production process................................................................................................. 289
• Figure 115: Rubber soles incorporating CNF....................................................................................................... 291
• Figure 116. Stora Enso CNF production process................................................................................................. 292
• Figure 117. Sugino Machine CNF production process.......................................................................................... 294
• Figure 118: High Pressure Water Jet Process..................................................................................................... 294
• Figure 119: 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.................................................................................................................. 295
• Figure 120. BiNFi-s Dry Powder......................................................................................................................... 295
• Figure 121. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.................................................................... 296
• Figure 122: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material................................................................................ 296
• Figure 123: SVILOSA AD CNC products............................................................................................................. 298
• Figure 124: Silver / CNF composite dispersions................................................................................................... 301
• Figure 125: CNF/nanosilver powder.................................................................................................................... 302
• Figure 126: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.............................................................................. 303
• Figure 127: CNF resin products.......................................................................................................................... 304
• Figure 128. University of Maine CNF production process..................................................................................... 305
• Figure 129. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.......................................................................................... 307
• Figure 130. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process........................................................ 309
• Figure 131: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.................................................................................... 310
• Figure 132. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches............................................................................................ 312
• Figure 133. VTT CNF production process........................................................................................................... 313
• Figure 134: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test................................ 313
• Figure 135: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film........................................... 314
• Figure 136. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process............................................................................. 316
• Figure 137. American Process, Inc. CNF production process............................................................................... 322
• Figure 138: R3TM process technology................................................................................................................ 324
• Figure 139: Blue Goose CNC Production Process............................................................................................... 325
• Figure 140: NCCTM Process............................................................................................................................. 327
• Figure 141: Celluforce production process.......................................................................................................... 328
• Figure 142: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:......................................................................... 329
• Figure 143: Plantrose process............................................................................................................................ 334
• Figure 144. University of Maine CNF production process..................................................................................... 338
• Figure 145. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process........................................................ 339
• Figure 146: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.................................................................................... 340
• Figure 147. CNC solution................................................................................................................................... 341
• Figure 148: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet.................................................................................................. 345
• Figure 149: Fibnano.......................................................................................................................................... 346

The Global Market for Nanocellulose to 2030

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The Global Market for Nanocellulose to 2030

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