- Published: October 2023
- Pages: 300
- Tables: 46
- Figures: 39
The 6G market is poised for massive growth over the next decade, driven by the need for ultra-fast and high-capacity wireless connectivity. 6G networks are expected to succeed the current 5G technology by 2030, bringing theoretical peak speeds of 1 Tbps compared to 20 Gbps for 5G. Since the deployment of 1G networks in the 1980s, each generation of wireless communication has brought massive leaps in speed, latency and connectivity. 6G is anticipated to continue this progression with peak data rates up to 1 Terabit per second (1 Tbps), sub 1-millisecond latency and the ability to simultaneously connect over 100 billion devices. Compared to 5G, 6G aims to provide:
- 10 to 50 times higher data rates
- 10 to 100 times more connected devices
- 99.999% reliability
- 100% coverage everywhere
Key drivers for 6G include connecting the Internet of Everything, enabling high-fidelity immersive extended reality, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication for autonomous driving, and extremely dense wireless connectivity for smart cities.
The Global Market for 6G Communications Devices and Materials 2024-2044 provides a comprehensive analysis of 6G wireless communication technologies and markets. The report analyzes 6G's transformative impact across telecom, automotive, manufacturing, healthcare and other sectors. In-depth technology assessment covers 6G spectrum, network architectures, hardware, materials like graphene and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, security, artificial intelligence and other innovations. 38 company profiles analyze the 6G development, partnerships and IP landscape.
Report contents include:
- Evolution from 1G to 6G
- 5G limitations and 6G benefits
- 6G advanced materials and recent hardware
- 6G market outlook, drivers and challenges
- 6G applications, key geographies, players
- 6G government initiatives, roadmap, sustainability
- 6G spectrum, devices, services
- THz communication technologies
- 6G network architectures
- Global 6G architecture concepts
- 6G radio system, non-terrestrial networks
- Internet of Things, edge computing, AI/ML
- Materials and Technologies
- Phase array antennas and modules
- Packaging, inorganic compounds, elements
- Organic compounds, semiconductor materials
- CMOS, SiGe, GaAs, InP for 6G
- Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
- Metamaterials, low-loss materials
- Cell-free Massive MIMO, graphene
- Thermal management, photoactive materials
- Market Forecasts 2024-2040
- 6G market revenue forecasts
- Base station and RIS tile forecasts
- Pricing forecasts for RIS tiles
- 38 Company Profiles. Companies profiled include Apple, Ericsson, LG Electronics, META, Nokia, NTT Corporation, Samsung, and SK Telecomm.
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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 16
- 2.1 From 1G to 6G 17
- 2.2 Evolution from 5G Networks 19
- 2.2.1 Limitations with 5G 21
- 2.2.2 Benefits of 6G 22
- 2.2.3 Advanced materials in 6G 25
- 2.2.4 Recent hardware developments 26
- 2.3 Current market 28
- 2.4 Market outlook for 6G 30
- 2.4.1 Proliferation in Consumer Technology 30
- 2.4.2 Industrial and Enterprise Transformation 31
- 2.4.3 Economic Competitiveness 32
- 2.4.4 Sustainability and Inclusion 32
- 2.5 Market drivers 33
- 2.6 Market challenges and bottlenecks 35
- 2.7 Applications 37
- 2.7.1 Connected Autonomous Vehicle Systems 37
- 2.7.2 Next Generation Industrial Automation 37
- 2.7.3 Healthcare Solutions 38
- 2.7.4 Immersive Extended Reality Experiences 38
- 2.8 Key geographical markets for 6G. 39
- 2.8.1 North America 39
- 2.8.2 Asia Pacific 40
- 2.8.3 Europe 41
- 2.9 Main market players 44
- 2.10 6G projects, by country 46
- 2.11 Global 6G government initiatives 48
- 2.12 6G hardware roadmap 50
- 2.13 SWOT analysis 53
- 2.14 Sustainability in 6G 55
3 INTRODUCTION 56
- 3.1 6G spectrum 56
- 3.2 Applications of 6G 60
- 3.3 6G devices and infrastructure 61
- 3.4 6G services 63
- 3.5 Key technologies for THz communication 64
- 3.6 6G networks 66
- 3.6.1 SAGIN - Space-air-ground integrated networks 66
- 3.6.2 Underwater 67
- 3.6.3 Key Technologies 68
- 3.6.4 AI-powered 6G networks 69
- 3.7 Global architecture concepts for 6G networks 69
- 3.7.1 Cell-Free Massive MIMO 70
- 3.7.2 Integrated Space and Terrestrial Networks 72
- 3.7.3 AI-Defined Networking 73
- 3.7.4 Energy Harvesting Grids 74
- 3.7.5 Visible Light Communication 75
- 3.7.6 Quantum Backbones 77
- 3.7.7 Internet of Bio-Nano Things 78
- 3.7.8 Terahertz Mesh Networks 79
- 3.7.9 AI-Optimized Topologies 80
- 3.7.10 THz wireless 80
- 3.7.11 Holographic beamforming 82
- 3.7.12 Intelligent reflecting surfaces 85
- 3.7.13 TeraHertz amplification 86
- 3.7.14 Visible light sensing 86
- 3.7.15 Quantum communication 88
- 3.7.16 Bio-computing networks 88
- 3.7.17 Blockchain 89
- 3.8 6G Radio system 91
- 3.8.1 Overview 91
- 3.8.1.1 Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications 91
- 3.8.1.2 THz communications 92
- 3.8.1.3 Optical wireless communications 93
- 3.8.2 Bandwidth and Modulation 95
- 3.8.3 Power consumption 96
- 3.8.1 Overview 91
- 3.9 6G Non-terrestrial networks 97
- 3.9.1 Overview 97
- 3.9.2 Commercial activities 97
- 3.10 Internet of things (IoT) 99
- 3.10.1 Smart cities 101
- 3.10.2 Smart radio environments 103
- 3.10.3 Smart healthcare 105
- 3.10.4 Smart grid 108
- 3.10.5 Smart transportation 109
- 3.10.6 Smart factories 110
- 3.10.7 Smart farming 112
- 3.11 Edge computing 113
- 3.12 Artificial intelligence and machine learning 116
4 MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 118
- 4.1 Phase array antennas 118
- 4.1.1 Overview 118
- 4.1.2 Antenna types 121
- 4.2 Phase array modules 122
- 4.2.1 Overview 122
- 4.2.2 Commercial and proof-of-concepts 123
- 4.3 Packaging technologies 125
- 4.3.1 Overview 125
- 4.3.2 Antenna packages 127
- 4.4 Inorganic compounds 129
- 4.4.1 Overview 129
- 4.4.2 Materials 130
- 4.5 Elements 132
- 4.5.1 Overview 132
- 4.5.2 Materials 133
- 4.6 Organic compounds 135
- 4.6.1 Overview 135
- 4.6.2 Materials 136
- 4.7 Semiconductor devices and materials 138
- 4.8 Semiconductor technologies for 6G 139
- 4.8.1 CMOS 141
- 4.8.1.1 CMOS technology - Bulk vs SOI 141
- 4.8.1.2 RF CMOS technology 142
- 4.8.1.3 CMOS and hybrid lll-V+CMOS approaches sub-THz 143
- 4.8.1.4 6G CMOS design 144
- 4.8.1.5 PD-SOI CMOS and SiGe BiCMOS for 6G 146
- 4.8.2 SiGe 147
- 4.8.2.1 RF SiGe technology 147
- 4.8.3 GaAs and GaN 148
- 4.8.4 InP 150
- 4.8.5 Si vs III-V semiconductors 152
- 4.8.5.1 Key Differences 152
- 4.8.6 Semiconductor technology choices for THz RF 153
- 4.8.7 Key THz Technologies 155
- 4.8.8 Challenges 156
- 4.8.1 CMOS 141
- 4.9 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) 157
- 4.9.1 Overview 158
- 4.9.2 Applications in 6G 160
- 4.9.3 Semi-passive and active RIS materials and components 161
- 4.9.4 Hardware 163
- 4.9.5 Metamaterials and Metasurfaces 167
- 4.9.6 Liquid crystal polymers (LCP) for RIS 168
- 4.9.7 Beam management 168
- 4.9.8 Companies 169
- 4.9.9 SWOT analysis 171
- 4.10 Metamaterials 173
- 4.10.1 Overview 173
- 4.10.2 Applications 175
- 4.10.2.1 Reconfigurable antennas 176
- 4.10.2.2 Wireless sensing 176
- 4.10.2.3 Wi-Fi/Bluetooth 177
- 4.10.2.4 5G and 6G Metasurfaces for Wireless Communications 180
- 4.10.2.5 Hypersurfaces 182
- 4.10.2.6 Active material patterning 182
- 4.10.2.7 Optical ENX metamaterials 183
- 4.10.2.8 Metamaterials for RIS 183
- 4.10.2.9 Liquid crystal polymers 184
- 4.10.3 Companies 186
- 4.10.4 SWOT analysis 188
- 4.11 Low-loss materials 190
- 4.11.1 Overview 191
- 4.11.2 6G low-loss materials 193
- 4.11.3 Companies 197
- 4.11.4 SWOT analysis 198
- 4.12 Cell-Free Massive MIMO 200
- 4.12.1 Overview 200
- 4.12.2 Cellular mMIMO, network mMIMO, and cell-free mMIMO 201
- 4.13 Fiber optics 203
- 4.13.1 Overview 203
- 4.13.2 Materials and applications in 6G 204
- 4.14 Graphene and 2D materials 205
- 4.14.1 Overview 206
- 4.14.2 Applications 207
- 4.14.2.1 Supercapacitors, LiC and pseudocapacitors 207
- 4.14.2.2 Graphene transistors 208
- 4.14.2.3 Graphene THz device structures 209
- 4.15 Thermal management 210
- 4.15.1 Overview 210
- 4.15.2 Thermal materials and structures for 6G 212
- 4.15.3 Companies 218
- 4.15.4 SWOT analysis 220
- 4.16 Smart EM devices 222
- 4.16.1 Overview 222
- 4.17 Photoactive materials 224
- 4.17.1 Overview 224
- 4.17.2 Applications in 6G 225
- 4.18 Silicon carbide 227
- 4.18.1 Overview 227
- 4.18.2 Applications in 6G 228
- 4.19 Phase-Change Materials 229
- 4.19.1 Overview 229
- 4.19.2 Applications in 6G 231
- 4.20 Vanadium dioxide 232
- 4.20.1 Overview 232
- 4.20.2 Applications in 6G 234
- 4.21 Micro- mechanics, MEMS and microfluidics 235
- 4.21.1 Overview 235
- 4.21.2 Applications in 6G 236
- 4.22 Beyond communications markets and applications 238
- 4.22.1 THz Sensing 238
- 4.22.2 THz Imaging 241
5 GLOBAL MARKET FORECASTS FOR 6G, 2024-2044 244
- 5.1 Market revenues 244
- 5.2 Base stations 246
- 5.3 RIS tiles 249
- 5.3.1 Pricing forecasts 249
- 5.3.2 By square meter 251
- 5.3.3 By revenues 253
6 COMPANY PROFILES 255 (38 company profiles)
7 REFERENCES 294
List of Tables
- Table 1. Evolution of 1G to 5G mobile wireless communications 18
- Table 2. Key differences from 5G. 19
- Table 3. Limitations with 5G. 21
- Table 4. Advanced materials in 6G. 25
- Table 5. Market drivers and trends in 6G. 33
- Table 6. Market challenges and bottlenecks in 6G. 35
- Table 7. Main market players in 6G. 44
- Table 8. Global 6G government initiatives. 48
- Table 9. Comparison of spectrum bands for 6G. 58
- Table 10. 6G applications. 60
- Table 11. 6G devices and infrastructure. 62
- Table 12. Key technologies enabling THz communication. 64
- Table 13. Comparison between conventional MIMO and massive MIMO. 71
- Table 14. Comparison between electronic THz design and communication systems. 81
- Table 15. Key THz Technologies. 96
- Table 16. Antenna types in 6G. 121
- Table 17. Inorganic compounds in 6G communications. 130
- Table 18. Elements in 6G communications. 133
- Table 19. Organic compounds in 6G communications. 136
- Table 20. State of the art RF transistors performance. 140
- Table 21. Comparison of silicon (Si) based semiconductors versus III-V compound semiconductors for applications in 6G communications. 152
- Table 22. semiconductor technology choice for THz RF. 153
- Table 23. key THz Technologies. 155
- Table 24. Transistor performance metrics of different semiconductor technologies. 155
- Table 25. Power amplifier benchmarks by bands. 156
- Table 26. Challenges for semiconductor for THz communications, 156
- Table 27. RIS operation phases. 158
- Table 28. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for 6G. 160
- Table 29. RIS prototypes. 160
- Table 30. RIS vs traditional reflecting array antennas, 165
- Table 31. Companies developing RIS technology. 170
- Table 32. Applications of metamaterials in 6G. 175
- Table 33. Unmet need, metamaterial solution and markets. 178
- Table 34. Companies developing metamaterials and metasurfaces for 6G. 186
- Table 35. 6G low-loss materials. 193
- Table 36. Low-loss material choices from 5G to 6G. 194
- Table 37. Companies developing 6G low-loss materials. 197
- Table 38. Benefits and challenges of cell-free mMIMO. 201
- Table 39. Thermal materials and structures for 6G. 213
- Table 40. Companies developing 6G thermal management materials. 218
- Table 41. photoactive materials being investigated for applications around 1 THz for future 6G wireless systems. 225
- Table 42. Global market revenue for 6G communications, by market, 2024-2044 (billions USD). 244
- Table 43. 5G base stations market forecast to 2044 (billions USD). 247
- Table 44. 6G base stations market forecast to 2044 (billions USD). 247
- Table 45. Forecasts for RIS tiles, 2024-2044 (billion sq. meter). 252
- Table 46. Forecasts for RIS tiles, 2024-2044 (billion USD). 253
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Evolution of Mobile Networks: From 1G to 6G. 17
- Figure 2. Radio coverage of 6G. 30
- Figure 3. 6G hardware roadmap. 51
- Figure 4. 6G communications SWOT analysis. 54
- Figure 5. 6G spectrum. 57
- Figure 6. 6G world in 2030. 62
- Figure 7. Key services and roadmap for 6G. 63
- Figure 8. 6G-SAGIN architecture. 66
- Figure 9. 6G System Architecture Design. 69
- Figure 10. Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems. 70
- Figure 11. Space-Terrestrial Integrated Network. 72
- Figure 12. Visible Light Communication in 6G. 75
- Figure 13. Internet of Bio-Nano Things. 78
- Figure 14. An illustration of electromagnetic spectrum. 91
- Figure 15. Network platforms with MEC. 115
- Figure 16. Phased array antennas for 6G. 118
- Figure 17. 16-channel 140 GHz phased-array module (middle), dual-channel 140 GHz RFICs (left), 128-element antenna array (right). 123
- Figure 18. Novel antenna-in-package (AiP) for mmWave systems. 127
- Figure 19. Stack-up AiP module on a system board. 128
- Figure 20. RF Si interposer with integrated InP and CMOS devices and antenna array in a package. 144
- Figure 21. GaAs based amplifier. 149
- Figure 22. InP power amplifiers. 150
- Figure 23. Reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surfaces aided mobile. 158
- Figure 24. RIS Architecture. 164
- Figure 25. SWOT analysis for RIS in 6G communications. 171
- Figure 26. Wireless charging technology prototype. 178
- Figure 27. Flat-panel satellite antenna (top) and antenna mounted on a vehicle (bottom). 179
- Figure 28. META Transparent Window Film. 180
- Figure 29. SWOT analysis for metamaterials in 6G. 188
- Figure 30. SWOT analysis for low-loss materials for 6G. 198
- Figure 31. SWOT analysis for thermal management materials and structures for 6G. 220
- Figure 32. Global market revenue for 6G communications, by market, 2024-2040 (billions USD). 245
- Figure 33. Global market revenue for 6G communications. 245
- Figure 34. Pricing forecasts 2024-2044, per square meter ($). 249
- Figure 35. Forecasts for RIS tiles, 2024-2044 (billion sq. meter). 252
- Figure 36. Forecasts for RIS tiles, 2024-2044 (billion USD). 253
- Figure 37. metaAIR. 273
- Figure 38. Left) Image of beamforming using phased-array wireless device. (Right) Comparison of previously reported transmission with beamforming wireless devices and this achievement.. 279
- Figure 39. Radi-cool metamaterial film. 286
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