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The Global Advanced Robotics Market 2025-2045

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  • Published: April 2025
  • Pages: 800
  • Tables: 278
  • Figures: 70

 

The global market for advanced robotics has entered a transformative phase, characterized by unprecedented technological innovation, expanding applications across industries, and massive capital infusions. Adoption is accelerating across manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, agriculture, and consumer sectors. The industrial robotics segment continues to dominate the market, particularly in manufacturing where automotive and electronics industries remain the largest adopters. However, the most significant growth is occurring in collaborative robots (cobots) and autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), which are increasingly deployed in warehouses, hospitals, and retail environments. China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Germany represent the largest markets, collectively accounting for over 70% of global installations.

The most telling indicator of robotics' future prospects is the dramatic surge in venture capital investment. Investments in robotic projects (including autonomous vehicles) raised a total of more than $7 billion in October 2024 alone, and there have been several major investments in 2025.  This investment surge extends across the robotics value chain, from core hardware innovations to enabling technologies like computer vision, tactile sensing, and AI-driven control systems. Particularly noteworthy is the concentration of mega-rounds in emerging categories like humanoid robots, agricultural automation, and surgical robotics. Defense spending on autonomous systems and AI-powered robotics is rising, with governments investing in drone technology and robotic combat vehicles. This capital influx is enabling longer runways for technology development and commercialization in fields that previously struggled to attract institutional investment due to long development timelines.

The future trajectory of advanced robotics will be shaped by several converging factors. First, the integration of artificial intelligence—particularly large language models and computer vision systems—is dramatically enhancing robots' ability to understand complex environments, learn from experience, and execute sophisticated tasks. This capability expansion is opening entirely new application domains previously deemed too complex for automation. Second, the ongoing global labor shortage, particularly acute in developed economies with aging populations, creates structural demand for robotics solutions. Japan's shrinking workforce and Europe's manufacturing challenges exemplify this dynamic, which shows no signs of abating.

Regulatory frameworks are gradually adapting to accommodate autonomous systems, with standards bodies and government agencies developing certification processes that will accelerate safe deployment in public spaces and sensitive environments. As technical barriers fall and integration complexity diminishes, robotics adoption will accelerate across previously underserved sectors, transforming global productivity and creating new economic paradigms. The long-promised robotics revolution appears to have finally arrived, backed by unprecedented capital investment and technological capability.

The Global Advanced Robotics Market 2025-2045 is a landmark 800 page report that delivers an exhaustive assessment of the rapidly evolving global advanced robotics market, providing unprecedented depth of data, analysis, and strategic insight covering the critical 20-year period from 2025 to 2045. Drawing upon extensive primary research and proprietary forecasting methodologies, the report offers granular market sizing, technology analysis, and investment intelligence, making it an essential resource for investors, manufacturers, suppliers, and end-users navigating the robotics revolution. 

Report contents include: 

  • Comprehensive Market Sizing and Forecasts: Detailed unit sales and revenue projections from 2025-2045, segmented by robot type, technology, component, and end-use industry, with both conservative and optimistic scenarios
  • Deep Technology Analysis: Thorough evaluation of AI integration, computer vision advancements, sensor fusion innovations, advanced materials development, and emerging technologies shaping the future of robotics
  • Regional Market Analysis: Comprehensive breakdown of market dynamics, growth rates, and competitive positioning across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (with special focus on Japan and China), Latin America, and Middle East & Africa
  • Competitive Landscape: Detailed profiles of 140+ companies spanning the entire robotics value chain, from established industrial robot manufacturers to emerging start-ups. Companies profiled include 1X Technologies, ABB, Advanced Farm Technologies, Aescape, Agerpoint, Agersens, Agibot, Agility Robotics, AgroBot, Agtonomy, AheadForm, Aigen, AIRSKIN, ANYbotics AG, Apptronik, ARX Robotics, Asensus Surgical, Inc., Aubo Robotics, Aurora, Automated Ag, Baidu, Barnstorm Agtec, Bear Robotics, BeeWise Technologies, Bio Bee, Biofeed, Blue White Robotics, Boardwalk Robotics, Booster Robotics, Boston Dynamics, BridgeDP Robotics, Bright Machines, BRINC, Bruker Alicona, Burro, Carbon Robotics, ClearPath Robotics, Clone Robotics, CMR Surgical, CNH Industrial, Cobionix, Cognibotics, Contoro Robotics, Dataa Robotics, Devanthro, Dexterity, Inc., Diligent Robotics, Dobot Robotics, Doosan Robotics, Dreame Technology, Dyna Robotics, Ecovacs, Elephant Robotics, Embodied, Enchanted Tools, Endiatx, Engineered Arts, Eureka Robotics, EX Robots, F&P Personal Robotics, Fanuc, FDROBOT, FESTO, Figure AI, ForwardX, Fourier Intelligence, Franka Emika GmbH, GrayMatter Robotics, H2 Clipper, Inc. (H2C), Hanson Robotics, HEBI Robotics, Honda, Inceptio, Inivation AG, intuiCell, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kepler, Keybotic, Koidra, KUKA, Leju Robotics, Levita Magnetics, Libiao Robotics, LimX Dynamics, Locus Robotics, MAB Robotics, Macco Robotics, MagicLab, Magnendo, Mbodi AI and more.....
  • End-Use Industry Analysis: In-depth examination of robotics applications, market drivers, restraints, and growth projections across 11 key sectors including manufacturing, healthcare, logistics, agriculture, and consumer markets
  • Technology Readiness Assessment: Critical evaluation of technology maturity levels across different robotics categories, with roadmaps highlighting commercialization timelines
  • Strategic Insights: Analysis of emerging business models, industry convergence opportunities, regulatory developments, and future market evolution scenarios
  • Market Analysis and Forecasting:
    • Proprietary forecasting methodology incorporating S-curve adoption patterns and industry-specific growth drivers
    • Historical market analysis (2019-2024) providing crucial context for future projections
    • Detailed market segmentation by robot type (industrial, collaborative, service, humanoid, mobile) with unit and revenue forecasts
    • Pricing analysis and cost structure breakdowns for each robot category
    • Comprehensive value chain analysis covering raw materials, manufacturing, software, integration, and distribution
  • Technology Landscape:
    • Detailed assessment of key enabling technologies including AI/ML, computer vision, sensor fusion, and advanced materials
    • Analysis of technology readiness levels (TRLs) by application sector
    • In-depth examination of collaborative robot (cobot) technologies, safety requirements, and commercialization status
    • Comprehensive coverage of autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), articulated robots, and emerging humanoid industrial platforms
    • Detailed analysis of agricultural robotics, healthcare systems, defense applications, and construction platforms
  • Investment Intelligence:
    • Complete tracking of all major funding rounds in robotics from 2022-2025, with detailed analysis of investment size, investor profiles, and valuation trends
    • Venture capital funding patterns across different robotics categories and geographies
    • Strategic corporate investment analysis, identifying key partnerships and acquisition targets
    • ROI analysis and payback period calculations across different robotics applications
    • Investment opportunity assessment highlighting high-growth market segments
  • End-Use Industry Applications:
    • Manufacturing sector analysis including automotive, electronics, food & beverage, and pharmaceutical
    • Healthcare applications spanning surgical robotics, rehabilitation, hospital logistics, and care robots
    • Logistics and warehousing automation trends including material transport, order picking, and last-mile delivery
    • Agricultural robotics covering harvesting, seeding, crop monitoring, and dairy farming
    • Construction robotics applications including 3D printing, demolition, and masonry
    • Retail, entertainment, defense, energy, and consumer applications
  • Regulatory and Strategic Analysis:
    • Comprehensive review of safety standards and regulations by region
    • Analysis of key market drivers and restraints shaping industry growth
    • Emerging trends including swarm robotics, human-robot collaboration, and cloud robotics
    • Technology roadmap (2025-2045) with short, medium, and long-term development projections
    • Future implications for workforce transformation and human-robot collaboration models

 

This unparalleled analysis covers the entire robotics value chain from component suppliers to full-system integrators, providing competitive positioning, product strategies, technological capabilities, and market focus for each player, enabling readers to comprehensively understand the complex competitive landscape and identify strategic opportunities for partnership, investment, or market entry. The report's exhaustive company coverage reflects the diverse and rapidly evolving robotics ecosystem, capturing both established industrial robotics giants with decades of market presence and cutting-edge startups pioneering new applications across humanoid robotics, agricultural automation, collaborative systems, and autonomous mobility, providing a definitive resource for understanding the companies driving robotics innovation through 2045.

 

 

 

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1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            40

  • 1.1        Market Overview and Size      40
  • 1.2        Robot Categorization                40
  • 1.3        Global Market Forecast           42
    • 1.3.1    Units    42
    • 1.3.2    Revenues          44
  • 1.4        Key Drivers and Restraints    45
  • 1.5        Technology Trends      46
    • 1.5.1    Humanoid Robots      46
    • 1.5.2    Collaborative Robots (Cobots)          49
    • 1.5.3    Physical, Analytic and Generative AI              53
    • 1.5.4    Robotics Evolution Timeline 54
    • 1.5.5    Sustainability and Energy Consumption     54
    • 1.5.6    Addressing Labor Shortages                55
    • 1.5.7    Key Emerging Transitions in Sensing Technologies                55
  • 1.6        Industry Convergence              58
    • 1.6.1    Mobile Robots vs. Fixed Automation              58
    • 1.6.2    Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) Business Models           59
    • 1.6.3    Industry 5.0 - Transformative Vision               59
    • 1.6.4    Collaborative Robots Driving Industry 5.0  60
    • 1.6.5    Parameter Comparison - Payload vs. Speed             60
  • 1.7        Competitive Landscape         61
    • 1.7.1    Global Competitive Landscape         61
    • 1.7.2    Leading Companies by Robot Type 62
    • 1.7.3    Major Industrial Robot Manufacturers          63
    • 1.7.4    Service Robot Specialists      63
    • 1.7.5    Cobot Manufacturers               64
    • 1.7.6    AI Robotics Companies          64
    • 1.7.7    Sensor and Component Developers               65
    • 1.7.8    End-Effector Suppliers            65
    • 1.7.9    Humanoid Robot Developers              66
  • 1.8        Investment Trends      67
    • 1.8.1    Historic Funding Trends          67
    • 1.8.2    Recent investment     67
    • 1.8.3    Venture Capital Funding of Robotics Startups         69

 

2             INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED ROBOTICS             70

  • 2.1        Defining Advanced Robotics               70
    • 2.1.1    Definitions of Key Terms         70
    • 2.1.2    Classification of Robot Types              71
    • 2.1.3    What are Robots?       73
      • 2.1.3.1 Industrial Robots        73
      • 2.1.3.2 Service Robots             73
      • 2.1.3.3 Collaborative Robots                74
      • 2.1.3.4 Mobile Robots               75
      • 2.1.3.5 Humanoid Robots      75
    • 2.1.4    Why Robots?  76
      • 2.1.4.1 Productivity Enhancement   76
      • 2.1.4.2 Labor Shortage Solutions      76
      • 2.1.4.3 Safety Improvements               77
      • 2.1.4.4 Quality and Precision Requirements              78
  • 2.2        Evolution from Traditional to Advanced Robotics  78
    • 2.2.1    Historical Overview and Evolution   78
    • 2.2.2    Current State of Robotics in 2025    79
    • 2.2.3    Three Phases of Robot Adoption       80
    • 2.2.4    Evolution from Industrial to Service Robots              81
  • 2.3        Key Enabling Technologies    82
    • 2.3.1    Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning             82
      • 2.3.1.1 What is Artificial Intelligence?             82
        • 2.3.1.1.1           Key AI Methods for Robotics 83
      • 2.3.1.2 Deep Learning Approaches  84
      • 2.3.1.3 Convolutional Neural Networks in Robotics             86
    • 2.3.2    Computer Vision         87
      • 2.3.2.1 Image Recognition Technologies      87
      • 2.3.2.2 Object Detection and Tracking          88
      • 2.3.2.3 Scene Understanding              89
    • 2.3.3    Sensor Fusion               89
      • 2.3.3.1 Multi-sensor Integration         90
      • 2.3.3.2 Data Processing for Sensor Fusion  91
    • 2.3.4    Advanced Materials   92
      • 2.3.4.1 Metals 94
      • 2.3.4.2 Plastics and Polymers              95
      • 2.3.4.3 Composites    96
      • 2.3.4.4 Elastomers      97
      • 2.3.4.5 Smart Materials            99
      • 2.3.4.6 Textiles               100
      • 2.3.4.7 Ceramics          102
      • 2.3.4.8 Biomaterials   103
      • 2.3.4.9 Nanomaterials              105
      • 2.3.4.10            Coatings            107
        • 2.3.4.10.1        Self-healing coatings                110
        • 2.3.4.10.2        Conductive coatings 110
      • 2.3.4.11            Flexible and Soft Materials    110
    • 2.3.5    Edge Computing          111
      • 2.3.5.1 Local Processing vs. Cloud Computing        112
      • 2.3.5.2 Real-time Decision Making  114
    • 2.3.6    SLAM - Simultaneous Localization and Mapping   114
      • 2.3.6.1 LiDAR SLAM    115
      • 2.3.6.2 Visual SLAM (vSLAM)                115
      • 2.3.6.3 Hybrid SLAM Approaches     116
    • 2.3.7    Typical Sensors for Object Detection             116
      • 2.3.7.1 Camera-based Detection      118
      • 2.3.7.2 LiDAR-based Detection           120
      • 2.3.7.3 Radar Systems              121
      • 2.3.7.4 Ultrasonic Sensors     123
      • 2.3.7.5 Infrared and Thermal Sensors             124
  • 2.4        Technology Readiness Assessment               126
    • 2.4.1    Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) 127
    • 2.4.2    Roadmap and Maturity Analysis by Industry             129
    • 2.4.3    Readiness Level of Technologies by Application Sector     133
  • 2.5        Standards and Regulations  136
    • 2.5.1    Safety Requirements - Five Main Types         136
      • 2.5.1.1 Power and Force Limiting      136
      • 2.5.1.2 Speed and Separation Monitoring   136
      • 2.5.1.3 Hand Guiding 136
      • 2.5.1.4 Safety Monitored Stop             137
      • 2.5.1.5 Soft Impact Design    137
    • 2.5.2    Regional Safety Standards   138
      • 2.5.2.1 European Standards 138
      • 2.5.2.2 Asian Standards          139
    • 2.5.3    Global Regulatory Landscape            139
      • 2.5.3.1 Authorities Regulating Autonomous Driving              139
      • 2.5.3.2 Regulations for Delivery Robots and Drones             140
      • 2.5.3.3 Industrial Robot Regulations               141
      • 2.5.3.4 Data Privacy and Security Regulations         142
      • 2.5.3.5 Regional Differences in Regulations               143
      • 2.5.3.6 Data Security Requirements                144

 

3             GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS  146

  • 3.1        Market Size and Growth Forecast (2025-2045)       146
    • 3.1.1    Historical Market Data (2019-2024)               146
      • 3.1.1.1 Historic Cobot Market Size   146
      • 3.1.1.2 Historic Service Robot Market Size  146
      • 3.1.1.3 Historic Mobile Robot Market Size   146
  • 3.2        Market Segmentation               147
    • 3.2.1    By Robot Type                147
      • 3.2.1.1 Industrial Robots        147
      • 3.2.1.2 Collaborative Robots (Cobots)          148
        • 3.2.1.2.1           By revenues     148
        • 3.2.1.2.2           By Payload Capacity 148
        • 3.2.1.2.3           By Degrees of Freedom           149
        • 3.2.1.2.4           By End-Effector Type 149
      • 3.2.1.3 Service Robots             150
        • 3.2.1.3.1           Professional Service Robots                150
        • 3.2.1.3.2           Personal/Domestic Service Robots 151
        • 3.2.1.3.3           Entertainment Robots             151
      • 3.2.1.4 Humanoid Robots      152
        • 3.2.1.4.1           By Type (Full-Size, Medium, Small)  152
        • 3.2.1.4.2           By Application               153
      • 3.2.1.5 Mobile Robots               153
        • 3.2.1.5.1           Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs)              154
        • 3.2.1.5.2           Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)               154
        • 3.2.1.5.3           Grid-Based Automated Guided Carts (AGCs)          155
        • 3.2.1.5.4           Mobile Picking Robots             155
        • 3.2.1.5.5           Mobile Manipulators 156
        • 3.2.1.5.6           Heavy-Duty L4 Autonomous Trucks                156
    • 3.2.2    By Technology                157
      • 3.2.2.1 Navigation and Mapping        157
      • 3.2.2.2 Object Recognition and Tracking      157
      • 3.2.2.3 End-Effector and Manipulation         158
      • 3.2.2.4 Human-Robot Interaction     158
      • 3.2.2.5 Artificial Intelligence 159
    • 3.2.3    By Component              159
      • 3.2.3.1 Hardware          159
        • 3.2.3.1.1           Sensors             160
        • 3.2.3.1.2           Actuators          160
        • 3.2.3.1.3           Power Systems             161
        • 3.2.3.1.4           Control Systems          162
        • 3.2.3.1.5           End-Effectors 162
      • 3.2.3.2 Software            163
        • 3.2.3.2.1           Control Software         163
        • 3.2.3.2.2           Perception Software  164
        • 3.2.3.2.3           Human-Machine Interface    165
      • 3.2.3.3 Services             165
        • 3.2.3.3.1           Installation and Integration   165
        • 3.2.3.3.2           Maintenance and Support     166
    • 3.2.4    By End-use Industry  167
      • 3.2.4.1 Manufacturing              167
      • 3.2.4.2 Healthcare       167
      • 3.2.4.3 Logistics and Warehousing  168
      • 3.2.4.4 Agriculture       168
      • 3.2.4.5 Construction  169
      • 3.2.4.6 Retail and Hospitality               170
      • 3.2.4.7 Military and Defense 170
      • 3.2.4.8 Energy and Utilities    171
      • 3.2.4.9 Education and Research        171
      • 3.2.4.10            Consumer and Domestic      172
      • 3.2.4.11            Entertainment and Leisure   173
  • 3.3        Regional Market Analysis      173
    • 3.3.1    North America              173
    • 3.3.2    Europe                174
    • 3.3.3    Japan  175
    • 3.3.4    China  176
    • 3.3.5    India    178
  • 3.4        Pricing Analysis and Cost Structure                179
    • 3.4.1    Cost Analysis by Robot Type                179
      • 3.4.1.1 Industrial Robot Costs             179
      • 3.4.1.2 Collaborative Robot Costs    180
      • 3.4.1.3 Service Robot Costs 180
      • 3.4.1.4 Humanoid Robot Costs          181
      • 3.4.1.5 Mobile Robot Costs   181
    • 3.4.2    Cost Analysis by Component              182
      • 3.4.2.1 Sensor Costs 182
      • 3.4.2.2 Actuator and Power System Costs  182
      • 3.4.2.3 Computing and Control System Costs         182
      • 3.4.2.4 End-Effector Costs    183
    • 3.4.3    Payback Time/ROI by Application    183
      • 3.4.3.1 Manufacturing ROI     183
      • 3.4.3.2 Logistics ROI  184
      • 3.4.3.3 Healthcare ROI             185
      • 3.4.3.4 Agricultural ROI            185
    • 3.4.4    Parameter Comparison - Payload vs. Max Traveling Speed              186
      • 3.4.4.1 Industrial Robots Performance Metrics        186
      • 3.4.4.2 Mobile Robots Performance Metrics              187
      • 3.4.4.3 Collaborative Robots Performance Metrics               188

 

4             TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE 189

  • 4.1        Industrial Robotics    189
    • 4.1.1    Collaborative Robots (Cobots)          189
      • 4.1.1.1 Six Stages of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)           189
        • 4.1.1.1.1           Stage One: Non-Collaborative Robots          190
        • 4.1.1.1.2           Stage Two: Non-Collaborative with Virtual Guarding           190
        • 4.1.1.1.3           Stage Three: Laser Scanner Separation        191
        • 4.1.1.1.4           Stage Four: Shared Workspace          191
        • 4.1.1.1.5           Stage Five: Operators and Robots Working Together            192
        • 4.1.1.1.6           Stage Six: Autonomous Mobile Collaborative Robots         192
      • 4.1.1.2 Traditional Industrial Robots vs. Collaborative Robots      193
      • 4.1.1.3 Benefits and Drawbacks of Cobots 194
      • 4.1.1.4 Safety Requirements for Cobots       195
        • 4.1.1.4.1           Power and Force Limiting      195
        • 4.1.1.4.2           Speed and Separation Monitoring   196
        • 4.1.1.4.3           Hand Guiding 197
        • 4.1.1.4.4           Safety-Rated Monitored Stop              197
        • 4.1.1.4.5           Biomechanical Limit Criteria               198
      • 4.1.1.5 Cobot Cost Analysis 198
      • 4.1.1.6 Payload Summary of Cobots               199
      • 4.1.1.7 Overview of Commercialized Cobots            199
        • 4.1.1.7.1           Benchmarking Based on DoF, Payload, Weight       200
        • 4.1.1.7.2           6-DoF Cobots                201
        • 4.1.1.7.3           7-DoF Cobots                202
        • 4.1.1.7.4           Price Categories of Cobots   203
    • 4.1.2    Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs)              203
      • 4.1.2.1 Transition from AGVs to AMRs            204
      • 4.1.2.2 Technology Evolution Towards Fully Autonomous Mobile Robots              204
      • 4.1.2.3 AMR Navigation Technologies             205
    • 4.1.3    Articulated Robots     206
      • 4.1.3.1 Types and Applications           207
    • 4.1.4    Humanoid Industrial Robots               207
      • 4.1.4.1 Applications in Manufacturing           207
      • 4.1.4.2 Design Considerations            209
  • 4.2        Service Robotics         210
    • 4.2.1    Professional Service Robots                210
      • 4.2.1.1 Market Position of Service Robotics               211
      • 4.2.1.2 Categories and Applications               211
      • 4.2.1.3 Key Technologies         213
    • 4.2.2    Personal/Domestic Service Robots 214
      • 4.2.2.1 Market Overview          214
      • 4.2.2.2 Types and Applications           214
      • 4.2.2.3 Consumer Adoption Trends 216
    • 4.2.3    Entertainment Robots             218
      • 4.2.3.1 Market Overview          218
      • 4.2.3.2 Types and Applications           219
      • 4.2.3.3 Technology Features 220
  • 4.3        Healthcare and Medical Robotics   222
    • 4.3.1    Surgical Robots            222
      • 4.3.1.1 Market Overview          222
      • 4.3.1.2 Key Technologies         223
      • 4.3.1.3 Companies     224
      • 4.3.1.4 Regulatory Considerations   226
    • 4.3.2    Rehabilitation Robots              227
      • 4.3.2.1 Types and Applications           228
      • 4.3.2.2 Market Drivers               229
    • 4.3.3    Hospital Logistics Robots     230
      • 4.3.3.1 Applications   230
      • 4.3.3.2 Market Drivers               233
    • 4.3.4    Care Robots   233
      • 4.3.4.1 Eldercare Applications            234
      • 4.3.4.2 Market Challenges     235
    • 4.3.5    Robotic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Procedures            236
      • 4.3.5.1 Key Technologies         236
      • 4.3.5.2 Market Trends                238
    • 4.3.6    Intelligent Health Monitoring and Diagnostics        239
      • 4.3.6.1 Technologies  240
      • 4.3.6.2 Applications   242
    • 4.3.7    Telemedicine and Remote Health Management    244
      • 4.3.7.1 Technologies  244
      • 4.3.7.2 Applications   246
    • 4.3.8    Robotics in Mental Health     249
      • 4.3.8.1 Applications   249
      • 4.3.8.2 Market Potential          250
  • 4.4        Military and Defense Robotics           251
    • 4.4.1    Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)              251
      • 4.4.1.1 Applications   251
      • 4.4.1.2 Technologies  255
    • 4.4.2    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)   257
      • 4.4.2.1 Applications   259
      • 4.4.2.2 Technologies  261
    • 4.4.3    Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)    263
      • 4.4.3.1 Applications   264
      • 4.4.3.2 Technologies  266
  • 4.5        Agricultural Robotics                269
    • 4.5.1    Challenges Facing 21st Century Agriculture             271
      • 4.5.1.1 Productivity and Labor Issues            272
      • 4.5.1.2 Labor Shortages and Rising Costs   272
      • 4.5.1.3 Agrochemical Challenges     272
      • 4.5.1.4 Environmental Considerations          273
    • 4.5.2    Agricultural Robot Applications        274
      • 4.5.2.1 Current Uses  274
      • 4.5.2.2 Potential Uses               274
      • 4.5.2.3 Technology Readiness by Application Area                276
    • 4.5.3    Harvesting Robots      280
      • 4.5.3.1 Fresh Fruit Picking Robots    282
        • 4.5.3.1.1           Apple Harvesting Robots       284
        • 4.5.3.1.2           Strawberry Harvesting Robots            284
        • 4.5.3.1.3           Other Fruit Harvesting Robots            284
      • 4.5.3.2 Vegetable Harvesting Robots              285
        • 4.5.3.2.1           Asparagus Harvesting Robots            286
        • 4.5.3.2.2           Other Vegetable Harvesting Robots               286
    • 4.5.4    Seeding and Planting Robots              287
      • 4.5.4.1 Precision Seeding Applications         288
      • 4.5.4.2 Variable Rate Technology       288
    • 4.5.5    Crop Monitoring Robots         289
      • 4.5.5.1 Soil Analysis   290
      • 4.5.5.2 Plant Health Monitoring          290
    • 4.5.6    Weed and Pest Control Robotics      291
      • 4.5.6.1 Commercial Weeding Robots             292
      • 4.5.6.2 "Green-on-Green" vs. "Green-on-Brown" Technology         294
      • 4.5.6.3 Precision Spraying Technologies       294
    • 4.5.7    Agricultural Drones    295
      • 4.5.7.1 Application Pipeline  296
      • 4.5.7.2 Imaging Applications                297
      • 4.5.7.3 Spraying Applications              299
      • 4.5.7.4 Regulatory Approvals by Region        300
    • 4.5.8    Dairy Farming Robots              302
      • 4.5.8.1 Milking Robots              304
      • 4.5.8.2 Feed Pushers 304
      • 4.5.8.3 Market Adoption Trends          305
  • 4.6        Construction Robotics            307
    • 4.6.1    3D Printing Construction Robots      307
      • 4.6.1.1 Technologies  307
      • 4.6.1.2 Applications   308
    • 4.6.2    Demolition Robots     308
      • 4.6.2.1 Technologies  309
      • 4.6.2.2 Applications   309
    • 4.6.3    Bricklaying and Masonry Robots      310
      • 4.6.3.1 Technologies  311
      • 4.6.3.2 Applications   311

 

5             TECHNOLOGY COMPONENTS AND SUBSYSTEMS              313

  • 5.1        AI and Control Systems          313
    • 5.1.1    Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning             313
      • 5.1.1.1 AI Applications in Robotics   313
      • 5.1.1.2 Machine Learning Techniques for Robotics               314
    • 5.1.2    End-to-end AI 314
      • 5.1.2.1 Perception to Action Systems             314
      • 5.1.2.2 Implementation Challenges 315
    • 5.1.3    Multi-modal AI Algorithms    315
      • 5.1.3.1 Vision-Language Models        316
      • 5.1.3.2 Sensor-Fusion AI         316
    • 5.1.4    Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization         317
      • 5.1.4.1 Control Architectures               317
      • 5.1.4.2 Motion Planning           318
  • 5.2        Sensors and Perception          318
    • 5.2.1    Sensory Systems in Robots  318
      • 5.2.1.1 Importance of Sensing in Robots     318
      • 5.2.1.2 Typical Sensors Used for Robots      319
    • 5.2.2    Sensors by Functions and Tasks       320
      • 5.2.2.1 Navigation and Mapping        320
      • 5.2.2.2 Object Detection and Recognition  321
      • 5.2.2.3 Safety and Collision Avoidance         321
      • 5.2.2.4 Environmental Sensing           322
    • 5.2.3    Sensors by Robot Type             322
      • 5.2.3.1 Industrial Robotic Arms          322
      • 5.2.3.2 AGVs and AMRs           323
      • 5.2.3.3 Collaborative Robots                325
      • 5.2.3.4 Drones               326
      • 5.2.3.5 Service Robots             328
      • 5.2.3.6 Underwater Robots   329
      • 5.2.3.7 Agricultural Robots    331
      • 5.2.3.8 Cleaning Robots          333
      • 5.2.3.9 Social Robots 335
    • 5.2.4    Vision Systems             336
      • 5.2.4.1 Cameras (RGB, Depth, Thermal, Event-based)       337
        • 5.2.4.1.1           RGB/Visible Light Cameras  337
        • 5.2.4.1.2           Depth Cameras           338
        • 5.2.4.1.3           Thermal Cameras       339
        • 5.2.4.1.4           Event-based Cameras             340
      • 5.2.4.2 CMOS Image Sensors vs. CCD Cameras    341
        • 5.2.4.2.1           Comparative Analysis              341
        • 5.2.4.2.2           Applications in Robotics        341
      • 5.2.4.3 Stereo Vision and 3D Perception       342
        • 5.2.4.3.1           Depth Calculation Methods 342
        • 5.2.4.3.2           3D Reconstruction     343
      • 5.2.4.4 In-Camera Computer Vision                343
        • 5.2.4.4.1           Edge Processing          343
        • 5.2.4.4.2           Applications in Autonomous Vehicles           344
      • 5.2.4.5 Hyperspectral Imaging Sensors        345

 

6             END-USE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS          347

  • 6.1        Manufacturing              347
    • 6.1.1    Automotive      347
      • 6.1.1.1 Opportunities and Challenges           347
      • 6.1.1.2 Applications   348
    • 6.1.2    Electronics      349
      • 6.1.2.1 3C Manufacturing Challenges            349
      • 6.1.2.2 Production Volume Requirements   350
      • 6.1.2.3 Quality Control             352
      • 6.1.2.4 Applications   353
      • 6.1.2.5 Testing and Inspection             354
      • 6.1.2.6 Packaging        356
    • 6.1.3    Food and Beverage    357
      • 6.1.3.1 Industry Challenges and Requirements       357
      • 6.1.3.2 Product Variety             359
    • 6.1.4    Applications   360
      • 6.1.4.1 Palletizing        360
      • 6.1.4.2 Packaging        361
      • 6.1.4.3 Food Processing          362
    • 6.1.5    Pharmaceutical           362
      • 6.1.5.1 Industry Requirements            363
      • 6.1.5.2 Applications   364
  • 6.2        Healthcare       366
    • 6.2.1    Challenges in Healthcare Industry  366
    • 6.2.2    Applications   368
      • 6.2.2.1 Surgical Assistance   368
      • 6.2.2.2 Rehabilitation                368
      • 6.2.2.3 Laboratory Automation           369
      • 6.2.2.4 Medication Management       370
    • 6.2.3    Market Drivers               371
    • 6.2.4    Technology Readiness Level                372
  • 6.3        Logistics and Warehousing  375
    • 6.3.1    Applications   375
      • 6.3.1.1 Material Transport      376
      • 6.3.1.2 Order Picking 377
      • 6.3.1.3 Inventory Management           377
      • 6.3.1.4 Palletizing and Depalletizing                377
    • 6.3.2    Market Drivers               378
    • 6.3.3    Technology Readiness Level                380
    • 6.3.4    Last Mile Delivery Solutions 384
      • 6.3.4.1 Ground-Based Delivery Vehicles      384
      • 6.3.4.2 Delivery Drones            384
  • 6.4        Agriculture       385
    • 6.4.1    Market Drivers               385
    • 6.4.2    Applications   387
    • 6.4.3    Technology Readiness Level                391
    • 6.4.4    Emerging Technologies            399
    • 6.4.5    Sensors in Agricultural Robots           399
      • 6.4.5.1 Imaging Sensors Comparison            400
      • 6.4.5.2 Navigation Sensors    402
      • 6.4.5.3 Environmental Sensors           402
  • 6.5        Construction  402
    • 6.5.1    Market Drivers               402
    • 6.5.2    Applications   404
    • 6.5.3    Technology Readiness Level                408
  • 6.6        Retail and Consumer               411
    • 6.6.1    Customer Service and Hospitality   411
      • 6.6.1.1 Front-of-House Applications               411
      • 6.6.1.2 Back-of-House Applications               412
    • 6.6.2    Market Drivers               412
    • 6.6.3    Applications   414
    • 6.6.4    Technology Readiness Level                417
  • 6.7        Military and Defense 421
    • 6.7.1    Market Drivers               421
    • 6.7.2    Applications   422
    • 6.7.3    Technology Readiness Level                426
  • 6.8        Energy and Utilities    430
    • 6.8.1    Li-ion Battery Industry             430
      • 6.8.1.1 Benefits of Robotics in Li-ion Manufacturing            430
      • 6.8.1.2 Use Cases       430
        • 6.8.1.2.1           Battery Module Inspection    430
        • 6.8.1.2.2           Battery Assembly        431
        • 6.8.1.2.3           End-of-Life Recycling                431
    • 6.8.2    Photovoltaic Industry               432
      • 6.8.2.1 Overview and Use Cases       432
        • 6.8.2.1.1           Robotic Assembly of PV Arrays          432
        • 6.8.2.1.2           Welding Applications               433
        • 6.8.2.1.3           Inspection Systems   433
      • 6.8.2.2 Barriers and Solutions             434
    • 6.8.3    Semiconductor Industry        436
      • 6.8.3.1 Emerging Applications             436
        • 6.8.3.1.1           Photomask Processing           436
        • 6.8.3.1.2           Wafer Handling            437
      • 6.8.3.2 Technical Requirements and Barriers            438
  • 6.9        Mining and Resources              439
    • 6.9.1    Market Drivers               439
    • 6.9.2    Applications   441
    • 6.9.3    Technology Readiness Level                444
  • 6.10     Education and Research        448
    • 6.10.1 Market Drivers               448
    • 6.10.2 Applications   449
    • 6.10.3 Technology Readiness Level                449
  • 6.11     Entertainment and Leisure   450
    • 6.11.1 Market Drivers               450
    • 6.11.2 Applications   451
    • 6.11.3 Technology Readiness Level                451
  • 6.12     Personal Use and Domestic Settings             451
    • 6.12.1 Market Drivers               452
    • 6.12.2 Applications   453
    • 6.12.3 Technology Readiness Level                454
    • 6.12.4 Cleaning and Disinfection Robots   455
      • 6.12.4.1            Floor Cleaning Robots             456
      • 6.12.4.2            Window and Wall Cleaning Robots 457
      • 6.12.4.3            UV-based Disinfection Robots           458

 

7             MARKET DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS              461

  • 7.1        Market Drivers               461
    • 7.1.1    Labor Shortages and Wage Inflation               461
      • 7.1.1.1 Global Labor Market Trends 461
      • 7.1.1.2 Industry-Specific Impacts     461
    • 7.1.2    Productivity and Efficiency Demands            461
      • 7.1.2.1 Manufacturing Efficiency       461
      • 7.1.2.2 Logistics Optimization             462
      • 7.1.2.3 Healthcare Productivity          462
    • 7.1.3    Quality and Precision Requirements              462
      • 7.1.3.1 Manufacturing Quality Control           462
      • 7.1.3.2 Healthcare Precision                462
    • 7.1.4    Workplace Safety Concerns 462
      • 7.1.4.1 Hazardous Environment Applications           462
      • 7.1.4.2 Ergonomic Considerations   463
    • 7.1.5    Aging Population         463
      • 7.1.5.1 Healthcare Applications        463
      • 7.1.5.2 Workforce Replacement         463
    • 7.1.6    Advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning    463
      • 7.1.6.1 Improved Perception Systems            463
      • 7.1.6.2 Enhanced Decision Making 464
      • 7.1.6.3 Autonomous Capabilities     464
    • 7.1.7    Need for Personal Assistance and Companionship            464
      • 7.1.7.1 Eldercare Applications            464
      • 7.1.7.2 Household Assistance            464
    • 7.1.8    Exploration of Hazardous and Extreme Environments       465
      • 7.1.8.1 Nuclear Applications                465
      • 7.1.8.2 Deep Sea Exploration               465
      • 7.1.8.3 Space Applications   465
    • 7.1.9    E-commerce Growth 465
      • 7.1.9.1 Last-Mile Delivery Challenges            465
      • 7.1.9.2 Warehouse Automation Needs          466
  • 7.2        Market Restraints       466
    • 7.2.1    High Initial Investment Costs              466
      • 7.2.1.1 Robot Hardware Costs            466
      • 7.2.1.2 Integration and Implementation Costs         466
    • 7.2.2    Technical Limitations               467
      • 7.2.2.1 AI and Perception Challenges             467
      • 7.2.2.2 Manipulation Challenges       467
      • 7.2.2.3 Energy and Power Limitations            467
    • 7.2.3    Implementation Challenges 468
      • 7.2.3.1 Integration with Existing Systems     468
      • 7.2.3.2 User Training and Adoption  468
    • 7.2.4    Safety and Regulatory Concerns       469
      • 7.2.4.1 Human-Robot Collaboration Safety               469
      • 7.2.4.2 Autonomous System Regulations    469
    • 7.2.5    Workforce Resistance and Social Acceptance        470
      • 7.2.5.1 Employment Concerns           470
      • 7.2.5.2 Human-Robot Interaction Challenges          470

 

8             EMERGING TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS              472

  • 8.1        Swarm Robotics          472
    • 8.1.1    Technologies and Approaches           473
    • 8.1.2    Application Potential 474
    • 8.1.3    Market Outlook            475
  • 8.2        Human-Robot Collaboration               475
    • 8.2.1    Advances in Safe Interaction               476
    • 8.2.2    Intuitive Programming Interfaces     476
    • 8.2.3    Market Implementation Examples   477
  • 8.3        Self-Learning and Adaptive Robots 479
    • 8.3.1    Reinforcement Learning Applications           480
    • 8.3.2    Transfer Learning        482
    • 8.3.3    Continual Learning Systems                482
  • 8.4        Cloud Robotics            483
    • 8.4.1    Distributed Computing for Robotics               484
    • 8.4.3    Remote Operation Capabilities         485
  • 8.5        Digital Twin Integration            485
    • 8.5.1    Simulation and Planning        486
    • 8.5.2    Predictive Maintenance          486
    • 8.5.3    Performance Optimization   487
  • 8.6        Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) Business Models           487
    • 8.6.1    Subscription-Based Services              488
    • 8.6.2    Pay-Per-Use Models  490
    • 8.6.3    Market Adoption Trends          491
  • 8.7        Soft Robotics 493
    • 8.7.1    Materials and Actuators          494
  • 8.8        Neuromorphic Computing for Robotics       498
    • 8.8.1    Brain-Inspired Computing Architectures     499
    • 8.8.2    Applications in Perception    501
    • 8.8.3    Energy Efficiency Benefits     505
  • 8.9        Micro-nano Robots    508
    • 8.9.1    Technologies and Designs    508
    • 8.9.2    Medical Applications                510
    • 8.9.3    Industrial Applications            515
  • 8.10     Brain Computer Interfaces    516
    • 8.10.1 Non-Invasive BCIs      516
    • 8.10.2 Invasive BCIs 517
    • 8.10.3 Applications in Robot Control             517
  • 8.11     Mobile Cobots              518
    • 8.11.1 Technologies and Designs    518
    • 8.11.2 Applications   518
    • 8.11.3 Market Outlook            519
  • 8.12     Industry 5.0 and Collaborative Robots         520
    • 8.12.1 Human-Machine Collaboration         520
    • 8.12.2 Sustainable Manufacturing  520
    • 8.12.3 Implementation Examples   521
  • 8.13     Low-carbon Robotics Manufacturing            523
    • 8.13.1 Sustainable Design Approaches       523
    • 8.13.2 Energy-Efficient Operation    524
    • 8.13.3 End-of-Life Considerations  524
  • 8.14     Autonomous Navigation and Localization  525
    • 8.14.1 SLAM Advancements               525
    • 8.14.2 Multi-Sensor Fusion  526
    • 8.14.3 GPS-Denied Navigation          527
  • 8.15     Navigation Sensors Driven by Autonomous Mobility           527
    • 8.15.1 LiDAR Innovations      528
    • 8.15.2 Computer Vision Advancements      528
    • 8.15.3 Sensor Fusion Approaches  529

 

9             CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES             531

  • 9.1        Technical Challenges               531
    • 9.1.1    Perception and Sensing          531
    • 9.1.2    Manipulation and Dexterity   531
    • 9.1.3    Power and Energy Management        532
    • 9.1.4    Human-Robot Interaction     533
  • 9.2        Market Challenges     534
    • 9.2.1    Cost Barriers  534
    • 9.2.2    Skills and Training Gaps          534
    • 9.2.3    Integration Complexity            535
    • 9.2.4    Supply Chain Issues 536
  • 9.3        Regulatory Challenges            537
    • 9.3.1    Regulations for Autonomous Vehicles          537
      • 9.3.1.1 SAE Level 4-5 Regulations     537
      • 9.3.1.2 Testing and Certification Requirements       538
    • 9.3.2    Regulations for Delivery Drones        539
      • 9.3.2.1 Airspace Regulations               540
      • 9.3.2.2 Payload and Distance Limitations   540
    • 9.3.3    Recent Regulatory Updates  541

 

10          FUTURE OUTLOOK    543

  • 10.1     Technology Roadmap (2025-2045) 543
    • 10.1.1 Short-term Developments (2025-2030)       543
    • 10.1.2 Long-term Developments (2035-2045)        546
  • 10.2     Industry Convergence Opportunities             547
    • 10.2.1 Robotics and AI            547
    • 10.2.2 Robotics and IoT          548
    • 10.2.3 Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing       549
  • 10.3     Robotics and the Future of Work      550
    • 10.3.1 Job Transformation    550
    • 10.3.2 New Skill Requirements         550
    • 10.3.3 Human-Robot Collaboration Models             551

 

11          COMPANY PROFILES                553 (142 company profiles)

 

12          REFERENCES 776

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Robot Categorization.           41
  • Table 2. Global Unit Sales Forecast 2023-2045 (Million Units), Total.      42
  • Table 3. Global Unit Sales Forecast 2023-2045 (Million USD).     44
  • Table 4. Key Market Drivers and Restraints for Advanced Robotics.          46
  • Table 5. Performance Parameters of Humanoid Robots.  49
  • Table 6. Three Phases of Cobot Adoption    50
  • Table 7. Six Stages of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)        51
  • Table 8. Traditional Industrial Robots vs. Collaborative Robots    51
  • Table 9. Benefits and Drawbacks of Cobots              52
  • Table 10. Safety Requirements for Cobots 53
  • Table 11. Comparison of Sensing Technologies      57
  • Table 12. Navigation Sensors for Autonomous Mobility     58
  • Table 13. Parameter Comparison - Payload vs. Speed.      61
  • Table 14. Leading Companies by Robot Type.          63
  • Table 15. Major Industrial Robot Manufacturers.   64
  • Table 16. Service Robot Companies.             65
  • Table 17. Collaborative Robot (Cobot) Manufacturer          65
  • Table 18. AI Robotics Companies    66
  • Table 19. Sensor and Component Developers         66
  • Table 20. End Effector Suppliers.      66
  • Table 21. Humanoid Robot Developers.       67
  • Table 22. Global Robotics Investment by Funding Category 2015-2024 (Billions USD).              68
  • Table 23. Recent investments in advanced robotics companies.               68
  • Table 24. Venture Capital Funding of Robotics Startups.  69
  • Table 25. Classification of Robot Types.       72
  • Table 26. Three Phases of Robot Adoption.                81
  • Table 27. Evolution from Industrial to Service Robots         82
  • Table 28. Key AI Methods for Robotics          84
  • Table 29. Deep Learning Approaches.           86
  • Table 30. Convolutional Neural Networks in Robotics.      87
  • Table 31. Image Recognition Technologies.               89
  • Table 32. Multi-sensor Integration in Advanced Robotics 92
  • Table 33. Advanced Materials in Advanced Robotics.        93
  • Table 34. Types of metals commonly used in advanced robots.  95
  • Table 35. Types of plastics and polymers commonly used in advanced robots.               96
  • Table 36. Types of composites commonly used in advanced robots.       97
  • Table 37. Types of elastomers commonly used in advanced robots.        99
  • Table 38. Types of smart materials in advanced robotics.                100
  • Table 39. Types of textiles commonly used in advanced robots. 102
  • Table 40. Types of ceramics commonly used in advanced robots.             103
  • Table 41. Biomaterials commonly used in advanced robotics.     105
  • Table 42. Types of nanomaterials used in advanced robotics.      107
  • Table 43. Types of coatings used in advanced robotics.    109
  • Table 44. Flexible and soft materials .           112
  • Table 45. Edge Computing in Advanced Robotics. 113
  • Table 46. Local Processing vs. Cloud Computing. 114
  • Table 47. Typical Sensors for Object Detection.      118
  • Table 48. Camera-based Detection Technologies for Advanced Robotics.          120
  • Table 49. LiDAR-based Detection Technologies for Advanced Robotics.               122
  • Table 50. Radar Systems for Advanced Robotics Object Detection.         123
  • Table 51. Ultrasonic Sensor Technologies for Advanced Robotics             125
  • Table 52. Infrared and Thermal Sensor Technologies for Advanced Robotics.    126
  • Table 53. Technology Maturity Status Definitions. 128
  • Table 54. Readiness Level of Technologies by Application Sector.              134
  • Table 55. Regional Safety Standards in North America.     139
  • Table 56. Regional Safety Standards in Europe.      139
  • Table 57. Regional Safety Standards in Europe.      140
  • Table 58. Authorities Regulating Autonomous Driving.      140
  • Table 59. Regulations for Delivery Robots and Drones.     141
  • Table 60. Industrial Robot Regulations.        142
  • Table 61. Data Privacy and Security Regulations.  143
  • Table 62. Regional Differences in Regulations.       145
  • Table 63. Data Security Requirements.        145
  • Table 64. Historic Cobot Market Size 2019-2024 (Millions USD). 147
  • Table 65. Historic Service Robot Market Size 2019-2024 (Millions USD).              147
  • Table 66. Historic Mobile Robot Market Size 2019-2024 (Millions USD). 148
  • Table 67. Global Market for Industrial Robots 2020-2045 (Million Units).              149
  • Table 68. Global market for industrial robots 2020-2045 (Millions USD).              149
  • Table 69. Global market for Cobots by revenues 2025-2045 (US$ Millions).       150
  • Table 70. Global market for Cobots by payload capacity 2025-2045 (US$ Millions).     150
  • Table 71. Global market for Cobots By Degrees of Freedom 2025-2045 (US$ Millions).              151
  • Table 72. Global market for Cobots By End-Effector Type 2025-2045(US$ Millions).    151
  • Table 73. Global Market for Service Robots 2020-2045 (Millions USD).  152
  • Table 74. Global Market for Professional Service Robots 2025-2045 (Million Units).     152
  • Table 75. Global Market for Professional Service Robots 2025-2045 (Billions USD).     153
  • Table 76. Global market for Personal/Domestic Service Robots 2025-2045 (Million Units).     154
  • Table 77. Global Market for Personal/Domestic Service Robots 2025-2045 (Billion USD).        154
  • Table 78. Global market for Entertainment Robots 2025-2045 (Million Units).  155
  • Table 79. Global Market for Entertainment Robots 2025-2045 (Billions USD).   155
  • Table 80. Global market for Humanoid Robots by type 2025-2045 (Million Units).         156
  • Table 81. Global market for Humanoid Robots by Application 2025-2045 (Million Units).         156
  • Table 82. Global Market for Mobile Robots 2020-2045 (Millions USD).   157
  • Table 83. Global Market for Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) 2025-2045 (Million Units).    157
  • Table 84. Global Market for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) 2025-2045 (Million Units)      158
  • Table 85. Global Market for Grid-Based Automated Guided Carts (AGCs) 2025-2045 (Million Units) 158
  • Table 86.  Global Market for Mobile Picking Robots 2025-2045 (Million Units)   159
  • Table 87. Global Market for Mobile Manipulators 2025-2045 (Million Units)       159
  • Table 88. Global Market for Last-Mile Delivery Robots 2025-2045 (Million Units)            160
  • Table 89. Global Market for Heavy-Duty L4 Autonomous Trucks 2025-2045 (Million Units)      160
  • Table 90. Global Market for Robotics Navigation and Mapping 2025-2045 (Billions USD).        161
  • Table 91. Global Market for Robotics Object Recognition and Tracking 2025-2045 (Billions USD).      161
  • Table 92. Global Market for Robotics Manipulation Technologies 2025-2045 (Billions USD)    162
  • Table 93. Global Market for Human-Robot Interaction Technologies 2025-2045.            162
  • Table 94. Global Market for Robotics Artificial Intelligence 2025-2045 (Billions USD)  163
  • Table 95. Global Market for Robotics Sensors 2025-2045 (Billions USD)               164
  • Table 96. Global Market for Robotics Actuators 2025-2045 (Billions USD).         164
  • Table 97. Global Market for Robotics Power Systems 2025-2045 (Billions USD).             165
  • Table 98. Global Market for Robotics Control Systems 2025-2045 (Billions USD).          166
  • Table 99. Global Market for Robotics End-Effectors 2025-2045 (Billions USD)  166
  • Table 100. Global Market for Robotics Control Software 2025-2045 (Billions USD)       167
  • Table 101. Global Market for Robotics Perception Software 2025-2045 (Billions USD).              168
  • Table 102. Global Market for Robotics Human-Machine Interfaces 2025-2045 (Billions USD) 169
  • Table 103. Global Market for Robotics Installation and Integration Services 2025-2045 (Billions USD)                169
  • Table 104. Global Market for Robotics Maintenance and Support Services 2025-2045 (Billions USD)                170
  • Table 105. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Manufacturing 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).                171
  • Table 106. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Healthcare 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).      171
  • Table 107. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Logistics and Warehousing 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).           172
  • Table 108.  Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Agriculture 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).     172
  • Table 109. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Construction 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).  173
  • Table 110. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Retail and Hospitality 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units). 173
  • Table 111. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Military and Defense 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units). 174
  • Table 112. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Energy and Utilities 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units)                174
  • Table 113. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Education and Research 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units). 175
  • Table 114. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Consumer and Domestic Applications 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units).               175
  • Table 115. Global Market for Advanced Robotics in Entertainment and Leisure 2025-2045 (Thousands of Units). 176
  • Table 116. Market for Advanced Robotics in North America 2020-2045 (1000 units, by Robot Type). 176
  • Table 117. Market for Advanced Robotics in Europe 2020-2045 (1000 units, by Robot Type).  177
  • Table 118. Market for Advanced Robotics in Japan 2020-2045 (1000 units, by Robot Type).     177
  • Table 119. Market for Advanced Robotics in China 2020-2045 (1000 units, by Robot Type).     178
  • Table 120. Market for Advanced Robotics in China 2020-2045 (1000 units, by End-Use Industry).      179
  • Table 121. Market for Advanced Robotics in India 2020-2045 (1000 units, by Robot Type)         179
  • Table 122.  Average Cost per Unit for Industrial Robots 2025-2045 (Thousands USD). 180
  • Table 123. Average Cost per Unit for Collaborative Robots 2025-2045 (Thousands USD).         180
  • Table 124. Average Cost per Unit for Service Robots 2025-2045 (Thousands USD).      181
  • Table 125. Average Cost per Unit for Humanoid Robots 2025-2045 (Thousands USD) 181
  • Table 126. Average Cost per Unit for Mobile Robots 2025-2045 (Thousands USD)         181
  • Table 127. Average Cost for Robot Sensor Packages 2025-2045 (Thousands USD)        182
  • Table 128. Average Cost for Robot Actuator and Power Systems 2025-2045 (Thousands USD).            182
  • Table 129. Average Cost for Robot Computing and Control Systems 2025-2045 (Thousands USD).   183
  • Table 130. Average Cost for Robot End-Effectors 2025-2045 (Thousands USD).              183
  • Table 131. Payback Time for Advanced Robotics in Manufacturing 2025-2045 (Months).          184
  • Table 132. Payback Time for Advanced Robotics in Logistics 2025-2045 (Months).       185
  • Table 133. Payback Time for Advanced Robotics in Healthcare 2025-2045 (Months). 185
  • Table 134. Payback Time for Advanced Robotics in Agriculture 2025-2045 (Months).  186
  • Table 135. Payload and Speed Capabilities by Robot Type 2025-2045.  186
  • Table 136. Key Performance Metrics for Industrial Robots 2025-2045.  187
  • Table 137. Mobile Robots Performance Metrics.    188
  • Table 138. Key Performance Metrics for Collaborative Robots 2025-2045.          188
  • Table 139. Six Stages of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 189
  • Table 140. Benefits and Drawbacks of Cobots.       194
  • Table 141. Safety Requirements for Cobots.             195
  • Table 142. Cobot Cost Analysis.       198
  • Table 143. Payload Summary of Cobots.     199
  • Table 144. Commercialized Cobots.              199
  • Table 145. Benchmarking Based on DoF, Payload, Weight.             200
  • Table 146. Price Categories of Cobots.         203
  • Table 147. AMR Navigation Technologies    205
  • Table 148. Articulated Robots Types and Applications.     207
  • Table 149. Applications in Manufacturing for Humanoid Industrial Robots.        208
  • Table 150. Design Considerations for Humanoid Industrial Robots.         209
  • Table 151. Categories and Applications of Professional Service Robots.              211
  • Table 152. Types and Applications of Personal/Domestic Service Robots.          214
  • Table 153. Consumer Adoption Trends in Personal/Domestic Service Robots. 216
  • Table 154. Entertainment Robots Types and Applications.             219
  • Table 155. Technology Features in Entertainment Robots.              221
  • Table 156. Key Technologies in Surgical Robots.    223
  • Table 157. Surgical robotics companies.    224
  • Table 158. Rehabilitation Robots Types and Applications.              228
  • Table 159. Hospital Logistics Robots Types and Applications       230
  • Table 160. Market challenges in care robots.           235
  • Table 161. Key Technologies in Robotic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Procedures.    237
  • Table 162. Market Trends in in Robotic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Procedures.      238
  • Table 163. Intelligent Health Monitoring and Diagnostics Technologies.                240
  • Table 164. Intelligent Health Monitoring and Diagnostics Applications. 242
  • Table 165. Telemedicine and Remote Health Management Technologies.           244
  • Table 166. Telemedicine and Remote Health Management Applications.            246
  • Table 167. Robotics in Mental Health Applications.             249
  • Table 168. Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) Applications.      253
  • Table 169. Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) Technologies.     255
  • Table 170. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Applications.           259
  • Table 171. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technologies.          261
  • Table 172. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) Applications.             264
  • Table 173. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) Technologies.            267
  • Table 174. Agricultural Robot Products.       269
  • Table 175. Technology Readiness by Application Area for Agricultural Robots. 276
  • Table 176. Fresh Fruit Picking Robots.          282
  • Table 177. Vegetable Harvesting Robots.    285
  • Table 178. Seeding and Planting Robots.    287
  • Table 179. Crop Monitoring Robots.               289
  • Table 180. Commercial Weeding Robots.   292
  • Table 181. Precision Spraying Technologies.             294
  • Table 182. Agricultural Drone Application Pipeline.             296
  • Table 183.  Agricultural Drones Imaging Applications.       297
  • Table 184. Regulatory Approvals for Agricultural Drones by Region.         300
  • Table 185. Dairy Farming Robots.    302
  • Table 186. Market Adoption Trends in Dairy Farming Robots.        305
  • Table 187. 3D Printing Construction Robot Technologies.               307
  • Table 188. Applications of 3D Printing Construction Robots.        308
  • Table 189. Demolition Robot Technologies.              309
  • Table 190. Applications of Demolition Robots.       309
  • Table 191. Bricklaying and Masonry Robot Technologies. 311
  • Table 192. Applications of Bricklaying and Masonry Robots.         311
  • Table 193. AI Applications in Robotics.        313
  • Table 194. Machine Learning Techniques for Robotics.     314
  • Table 195. Typical Sensors Used for Robots.            319
  • Table 196. Sensors by Functions and Tasks.             320
  • Table 197. Sensors for Industrial Robotic Arms      322
  • Table 198. Sensors for AGVs and AMRs.      323
  • Table 199. Sensors for Collaborative Robots.          325
  • Table 200. Sensors for Drones            326
  • Table 201. Sensors for Service Robots          328
  • Table 202. Sensors for Underwater Robots.              329
  • Table 203. Sensors for Agricultural Robots 331
  • Table 204. Sensors for Cleaning Robots      333
  • Table 205. Sensors for Social Robots            335
  • Table 206. Cameras (RGB, Depth, Thermal, Event-based).             337
  • Table 207. RGB/Visible Light Cameras.        338
  • Table 208. Depth cameras.  339
  • Table 209. Thermal cameras.              340
  • Table 210. Event-based cameras.    340
  • Table 211. CMOS Image Sensors vs. CCD Cameras            341
  • Table 212. Edge Processing Technologies for Robotic Vision.        343
  • Table 213. In-camera Computer Vision in Autonomous Vehicles                344
  • Table 214. Automotive Industry Robotics Opportunities and Challenges              347
  • Table 215. Advanced Robotics Applications in Automotive Manufacturing         348
  • Table 216. Miniaturization Challenges and Robotic Solutions in Electronics Manufacturing   349
  • Table 217. Production Volume Challenges in Electronics Manufacturing             350
  • Table 218. Quality Control Challenges in Electronics Manufacturing      352
  • Table 219. Advanced Robotics in Electronics Component Assembly      353
  • Table 220. Advanced Robotics in Electronics Testing and Inspection      354
  • Table 221. Advanced Robotics in Electronics Packaging  356
  • Table 222. Hygiene and Safety Requirements for Food Robotics 357
  • Table 223. Product Variety Challenges in Food Robotics  359
  • Table 224. Applications of Advanced Robots in Palletizing              360
  • Table 225. Industry Requirements for Pharmaceutical Robotics 363
  • Table 226. Applications of Advanced Robotics in Pharmaceuticals          364
  • Table 227. Challenges in Healthcare Robotics        366
  • Table 228. Market Drivers for Robots in Healthcare              371
  • Table 229. Technology Readiness Level for Advanced Robots in Healthcare       372
  • Table 230. Applications of Advanced Robots in Logistics and Warehousing       375
  • Table 231. Market Drivers for Advanced Robots in Logistics and Warehousing 378
  • Table 232. Technology Readiness Level for Advanced Robots in Logistics and Warehousing  380
  • Table 233. Market Drivers for Advanced Robots in Agriculture      385
  • Table 234. Advanced Robotics Applications in Agriculture              387
  • Table 235. Imaging Sensors Comparison.  400
  • Table 236. Market Drivers for Advanced Robotics in Construction.           402
  • Table 237. Applications of Advanced Robotics in Construction   404
  • Table 238. Market Drivers for Advanced Robotics in Retail and Consumer           412
  • Table 239. Applications for Advanced Robotics in Retail and Consumer               414
  • Table 240. Market Drivers for Advanced Robotics in Military and Defense            421
  • Table 241. Applications for Advanced Robotics in Military and Defense 422
  • Table 242. Barriers and Solutions for Advanced Robots in PV Industry   434
  • Table 243. Market Drivers for Advanced Robots in Mining and Resources             439
  • Table 244. Applications of Advanced Robots in Mining and Resources   441
  • Table 245. Market Drivers for Advanced Robotics in Education and Research   448
  • Table 246. Applications of Advanced Robotics in Education and Research         449
  • Table 247. Market Drivers for Advanced Robotics in Entertainment and Leisure               450
  • Table 248. Applications of Advanced Robotics in Entertainment and Leisure     451
  • Table 249. Market drivers for Advanced Robotics in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.       452
  • Table 250. Applications of Advanced Robotics in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.             453
  • Table 251. Cleaning and Disinfection Robots.         455
  • Table 252. UV-based disinfection robots.   458
  • Table 253. Swarm Robotics: Technologies and Approaches          473
  • Table 254. Market Implementation Examples for Human-Robot Collaboration.               477
  • Table 255. Reinforcement Learning Applications for Self-Learning and Adaptive Robots           480
  • Table 256. Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS)  Subscription-based services.      488
  • Table 257. Pay-per-use models .       490
  • Table 258. Market adoption of Robot-as-a-Service.             492
  • Table 259. Materials and actuators.                495
  • Table 260. Control systems for soft robots.               497
  • Table 261. Brain-inspired computing architectures.            499
  • Table 262. Applications in Perception.          503
  • Table 263. Neuromorphic computing Energy Efficiency Benefits.               506
  • Table 264. Micro-nano robots medical applications.          511
  • Table 265. Industrial Applications of Micro-Nano Robots .              515
  • Table 266. BCIs in Robot Control Applications        517
  • Table 267. Technologies and Designs in Mobile Cobots.  518
  • Table 268. Mobile Cobots in Industry.           519
  • Table 269. Sustainable Manufacturing.       521
  • Table 270. Implementation Examples.         522
  • Table 271. Sustainable Design Approaches in Low-Carbon Robotics Manufacturing. 524
  • Table 272. SLAM Advancements in Autonomous Navigation and Localization. 526
  • Table 273. LiDAR Innovations in Advanced Robotics.         528
  • Table 274. Computer Vision Advancements in Advanced Robotics.         529
  • Table 275. Sensor Fusion Approaches in Advanced Robotics.     529
  • Table 276.  SAE Level 4-5 Regulations.          538
  • Table 277.  Testing and Certification Requirements              539
  • Table 278. Recent Regulatory Updates.       541

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Global Market Size by Robot Type 2023-2045 (Million Units).   43
  • Figure 2. Global Market Size by Robot Type 2023-2045 (Million USD).     45
  • Figure 3. Historical progression of humanoid robots.         48
  • Figure 4. Robotics Evolution Timeline.          55
  • Figure 5. Service Robot in Japan.      75
  • Figure 6. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) for Advanced Robotics       130
  • Figure 7. Roadmap and Maturity Analysis by Industry.       133
  • Figure 8. TRL for advanced robotics in agriculture.               398
  • Figure 9. TRL for advanced robotics in construction.          410
  • Figure 10. TRL for advanced robotics in Retail and Consumer.     420
  • Figure 11. TRL for advanced robotics in Military and Defense.      429
  • Figure 12. TRL for advanced robotics in Mining and Resources.  447
  • Figure 13. TRL for advanced robotics in Education and Research.             449
  • Figure 14. TRL for advanced robotics in Entertainment and Leisure.        451
  • Figure 15. TRL for advanced robotics in Personal Use and Domestic Settings.  455
  • Figure 16. Robot swarms.      472
  • Figure 17. System architecture of cloud robotics. 483
  • Figure 18. Micro-bot. 509
  • Figure 19. Robotics Technology Roadmap: Short-term Developments (2025-2030)      544
  • Figure 20. Robotics Technology Roadmap: Medium-term Developments (2030-2035).              546
  • Figure 21. Robotics Technology Roadmap: Long-term Developments (2035-2045)       547
  • Figure 22. EVE/NEO.  553
  • Figure 23. RAISE-A1.  567
  • Figure 24. Agibot product line-up.    567
  • Figure 25. Digit humanoid robot.      569
  • Figure 26. ANYbotics robot.  577
  • Figure 27. Apptronick Apollo.              579
  • Figure 28. Aubo Robotics - i series. 584
  • Figure 29. Alex.              597
  • Figure 30. BR002.       598
  • Figure 31. Atlas.           599
  • Figure 32. XR-4.            625
  • Figure 33. Dreame Technology's second-generation bionic robot dog and general-purpose humanoid robot.  637
  • Figure 34. Mercury X1.             642
  • Figure 35. Mirokaï robots.      643
  • Figure 36. Ameca.       648
  • Figure 37. Prototype Ex-Robots humanoid robots.               651
  • Figure 38. F&P Personal Robotics - P-Rob. 654
  • Figure 39. Figure.ai humanoid robot.             661
  • Figure 40. Figure 02 humanoid robot.            662
  • Figure 41. GR-1.            664
  • Figure 42. Sophia.       672
  • Figure 43. Honda ASIMO.       675
  • Figure 44. IntuiCell quadruped robot.            681
  • Figure 45. Kaleido.      682
  • Figure 46. Forerunner.              683
  • Figure 47. Keyper.        687
  • Figure 48. KUKA - LBR iiwa series.    694
  • Figure 49. Kuafu.         695
  • Figure 50. CL-1.            701
  • Figure 51. MagicHand S01    710
  • Figure 52. Monumental construction robot.              714
  • Figure 53. Neura Robotics - Cognitive Cobots.        723
  • Figure 54. Omron - TM5-700 and TM5X-700.             730
  • Figure 55.  Tora-One. 732
  • Figure 56. Perceptive dental robotic system.            733
  • Figure 57. HUBO2.     736
  • Figure 58. XBot-L.        746
  • Figure 59. Sanctuary AI Phoenix.      755
  • Figure 60. Pepper Humanoid Robot.              760
  • Figure 61. Astribot S1.              762
  • Figure 62. Stäubli - TX2touch series.              763
  • Figure 63. Tesla Optimus Gen 2.       773
  • Figure 64. Toyota T-HR3           779
  • Figure 65. UBTECH Walker.   780
  • Figure 66. G1 foldable robot.               780
  • Figure 67. WANDA.     783
  • Figure 68. Unitree H1.              787
  • Figure 69. CyberOne.                792
  • Figure 70. PX5.              794

 

 

 

 

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