The Global Market for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces

1              EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   23

• 1.1          Antimicrobial additives and coatings market growing       23
  • 1.1.1      Advantages        23
  • 1.1.2      Properties           24
  • 1.1.3      Applications       24
• 1.2          Antimicrobial and anti-viral coatings and surfaces             25
  • 1.2.1      Self-cleaning antimicrobial coatings and surfaces               25
    • 1.2.1.1   Bionic self-cleaning coatings        25
    • 1.2.1.2   Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings       27
    • 1.2.1.3   Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings       29
  • 1.2.2      Anti-viral coatings and surfaces 30
  • 1.2.3      Nanomaterials applications          33
  • 1.2.4      Cleanliness of indoor and public areas driving demand for antimicrobials 34
  • 1.2.5      Application in healthcare environments 35
    • 1.2.5.1   COVID-19 and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)              35
    • 1.2.5.2   Reusable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)   35
    • 1.2.5.3   Facemask coatings           36
    • 1.2.5.4   Wipe on coatings             36
    • 1.2.5.5   Long-term mitigation of surface contamination with nanocoatings             36
• 1.3          Main market players by antimicrobial technology area    37
• 1.4          Global market size and opportunity to 2030          38
  • 1.4.1      End user markets for antimicrobial coatings         38
  • 1.4.2      Global forecast for antimicrobial coatings to 2030              39
• 1.5          Market and technical challenges               42
• 1.6          Market drivers and trends            43

2              ADVANCED MATERIALS USED IN BACTERICIDAL & VIRICIDAL COATINGS AND SURFACES   48

• 2.1          Metallic-based coatings 48
• 2.2          Polymer-based coatings 49
• 2.3          Mode of action  51
• 2.4          Nanosilver or silver-ion antimicrobial coatings and additives         52
  • 2.4.1      Properties           52
    • 2.4.1.1   Antiviral properties of AgNPs      53
  • 2.4.2      Mode of action  55
  • 2.4.3      Environmental and safety considerations              57
  • 2.4.4      SWOT analysis   58
  • 2.4.5      Products and applications             58
    • 2.4.5.1   Silver nanocoatings         58
    • 2.4.5.2   Antimicrobial silver paints            59
  • 2.4.6      Markets               59
    • 2.4.6.1   Textiles 60
    • 2.4.6.2   Wound dressings and medical    60
    • 2.4.6.3   Consumer products        60
    • 2.4.6.4   Air filtration        61
• 2.5          Copper antimicrobial coatings and additives        61
  • 2.5.1      Properties           61
  • 2.5.2      Mode of action  62
  • 2.5.3      SWOT analysis   63
  • 2.5.4      Application in antimicrobial coatings       64
• 2.6          Zinc oxide coatings and additives              64
  • 2.6.1      Properties           64
  • 2.6.2      Mode of action  65
  • 2.6.3      Application in antimicrobial coatings       65
• 2.7          Photocatalytic coatings (Titanium Dioxide)           67
  • 2.7.1      Development of photocatalytic coatings 68
    • 2.7.1.1   Market drivers and trends            69
  • 2.7.2      Mode of action  71
  • 2.7.3      Glass coatings    71
  • 2.7.4      Interior coatings               72
  • 2.7.5      Improving indoor air quality        73
  • 2.7.6      Application in antimicrobial coatings       74
    • 2.7.6.1   Self-Cleaning coatings-glass         75
    • 2.7.6.2   Self-cleaning coatings-building and construction surfaces               75
    • 2.7.6.3   Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) indoor air filters  77
    • 2.7.6.4   Water treatment             77
    • 2.7.6.5   Medical facilities               78
    • 2.7.6.6   Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation         78
• 2.8          Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)        79
  • 2.8.1      Properties           79
  • 2.8.2      Mode of action  79
• 2.9          Quaternary ammonium silane    82
  • 2.9.1      Mode of action  82
  • 2.9.2      Application in antimicrobial coatings       82
  • 2.9.3      Companies         82
• 2.10        Biobased antimicrobial coatings 83
  • 2.10.1    Chitosan              83
    • 2.10.1.1                Properties           83
    • 2.10.1.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       85
  • 2.10.2    Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) coatings     86
    • 2.10.2.1                Properties           86
    • 2.10.2.2                Mode of action  86
    • 2.10.2.3                Application in antimicrobial coatings       86
  • 2.10.3    Nanocellulose (Nanocrystalline, Nanofibrillated, and Bacterial Cellulose) 88
    • 2.10.3.1                Properties           88
    • 2.10.3.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       89
  • 2.10.4    Adaptive biomaterials    90
    • 2.10.4.1                Properties           90
    • 2.10.4.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       90
• 2.11        Hydrogels            91
  • 2.11.1    Properties           91
  • 2.11.2    Application in antimicrobial coatings       92
• 2.12        Antibacterial liquid metals           93
  • 2.12.1    Properties           93
• 2.13        MXENES               93
  • 2.13.1    Properties           93
• 2.14        LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES (LDH)     95
  • 2.14.1    Properties           95
• 2.15        Self-cleaning antimicrobial coatings         95
  • 2.15.1    Hydrophilic coatings       96
  • 2.15.2    Hydrophobic coatings     96
    • 2.15.2.1                Properties           96
    • 2.15.2.2                Application in facemasks              97
• 2.16        Superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces               98
  • 2.16.1    Properties           98
    • 2.16.1.1                Antibacterial use              99
• 2.17        Oleophobic and omniphobic coatings and surfaces           99
  • 2.17.1    SLIPS     100
  • 2.17.2    Covalent bonding             101
  • 2.17.3    Step-growth graft polymerization             101
• 2.18        Other antimicrobial materials additives in coatings            103
  • 2.18.1    Graphene           103
    • 2.18.1.1                Properties           103
    • 2.18.1.2                Graphene oxide 104
    • 2.18.1.3                Anti-bacterial activity      104
    • 2.18.1.4                Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 105
    • 2.18.1.5                Application in antimicrobial coatings       107
  • 2.18.2    Silicon dioxide/silica nanoparticles (Nano-SiO2)  107
    • 2.18.2.1                Properties           107
    • 2.18.2.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       108
  • 2.18.3    Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)  109
    • 2.18.3.1                Properties           109
    • 2.18.3.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       109
  • 2.18.4    Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)           109
    • 2.18.4.1                Properties           109
    • 2.18.4.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       110
  • 2.18.5    Fullerenes           110
    • 2.18.5.1                Properties           110
    • 2.18.5.2                Application in antimicrobial coatings       111
  • 2.18.6    Cerium oxide nanoparticles         112
    • 2.18.6.1                Properties           112
  • 2.18.7    Iron oxide nanoparticles               112
    • 2.18.7.1                Properties           112
  • 2.18.8    Magnesium oxide nanoparticles 113
    • 2.18.8.1                Properties           113
  • 2.18.9    Piezoelectrics    114

3              ENVIRONMENTAL AND REGULATORY      115

4              MARKETS FOR ADVANCED BACTERICIDAL & VIRICIDAL COATINGS AND SURFACES               117

• 4.1          HOUSEHOLD AND INDOOR SURFACES     117
  • 4.1.1      Market drivers and trends            117
  • 4.1.2      Applications       117
    • 4.1.2.1   Self-cleaning and easy-to-clean 117
    • 4.1.2.2   Indoor pollutants and air quality                117
  • 4.1.3      Global market size           119
• 4.2          MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE SETTINGS         121
  • 4.2.1      Market drivers and trends            121
  • 4.2.2      Applications       122
    • 4.2.2.1   Medical surfaces and Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) 123
    • 4.2.2.2   Wound dressings             124
    • 4.2.2.3   Medical equipment and instruments       124
    • 4.2.2.4   Fabric supplies scrubs, linens, masks (medical textiles)    125
    • 4.2.2.5   Medical implants              125
  • 4.2.3      Global market size           127
• 4.3          CLOTHING AND TEXTILES              129
  • 4.3.1      Market drivers and trends            129
  • 4.3.2      Applications       129
    • 4.3.2.1   Antimicrobial clothing    130
  • 4.3.3      Global market size           135
• 4.4          FOOD & BEVERAGE PRODUCTION AND PACKAGING         138
  • 4.4.1      Market drivers and trends            138
  • 4.4.2      Applications       138
    • 4.4.2.1   Antimicrobial coatings in food processing equipment, conveyor belts and preparation surfaces    139
    • 4.4.2.2   Antimicrobial coatings and films in food packaging            140
  • 4.4.3      Global market size           141
• 4.5          OTHER MARKETS              143
  • 4.5.1      Automotive and transportation interiors                143
  • 4.5.2      Water and air filtration  145

5              ADVANCED BACTERICIDAL AND VIRICIDAL COATINGS COMPANIES             148 (193 profiles)

6              RECENT RESEARCH IN ACADEMIA             296

7              AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY     297

8              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY         298

9              REFERENCES       299

TABLES

• Table 1. Summary for bionic self-cleaning nanocoatings. 25
• Table 2. Market summary for photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings.           27
• Table 3. Summary of anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings.       29
• Table 4. Anti-viral nanomaterials that inactivate different types of viruses, in preclinical assays in vitro.     32
• Table 5. Applications of nanomaterials used in Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces.   33
• Table 6. Main market players by antimicrobial technology area.  37
• Table 7. End user markets for antimicrobial coatings.       38
• Table 8. Total global revenues for antimicrobial coatings, 2019-2030, USD.             39
• Table 9. Total global revenues for antimicrobial coatings, 2019-2030, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type.     41
• Table 10. Market and technical challenges for antimicrobial coatings.       42
• Table 11. Market drivers and trends in    43
• Table 12. Polymer-based coatings for antimicrobial coatings and surfaces.             49
• Table 13. Growth Modes of Bacteria and characteristics. 51
• Table 14. Antibacterial properties of AgNPs.        53
• Table 15. Antiviral properties of AgNPs. 54
• Table 16. SWOT analysis for application of nanosilver and silver-ion antimicrobial coatings.            58
• Table 17. Markets and applications for nanosilver-based Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces. 59
• Table 18. Antibacterial applications of Cu and CuO-based nanoparticles. 61
• Table 19. SWOT analysis for application of copper antimicrobial coatings.               63
• Table 20. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species.  66
• Table 21. Photocatalytic coatings- principles, properties and applications.               67
• Table 22. Development of photocatalytic coatings, by generation.             68
• Table 23. Antibacterial applications of Au-based nanoparticles.   79
• Table 24. Companies developing antimicrobial Silane Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.           82
• Table 25. Mechanism of chitosan antimicrobial action.    84
• Table 26. Types of antibacterial AMP coatings.    87
• Table 27. AMP contact-killing surfaces.   87
• Table 28. Types of adaptive biomaterials in antimicrobial coatings.            90
• Table 29. Types of antibacterial hydrogels.           92
• Table 30. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. 97
• Table 31. Applications of oleophobic & omniphobic coatings.       102
• Table 32. Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings.             103
• Table 33. Bactericidal characters of graphene-based materials.   106
• Table 34. Markets and applications for antimicrobial and antiviral graphene coatings.       107
• Table 35. Types of carbon-based nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent, their mechanisms of action and characteristics.                111
• Table 36. Global antimicrobial technology regulations.    115
• Table 37: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in household and indoor surface market.  117
• Table 38: Market for antimicrobial coatings in household and indoor surfaces to 2030, by revenues and types.     119
• Table 39: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in medicine and healthcare.            121
• Table 40: Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.       123
• Table 41. Types of advanced antimicrobial medical device coatings.           125
• Table 42. Types of advanced coatings applied in medical implants.             126
• Table 43. Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants.      126
• Table 44. Market for antimicrobial coatings in medical and healthcare settings to 2030, by revenues and types.   128
• Table 45: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in the textiles and apparel industry.             129
• Table 46. Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.           130
• Table 47. Advanced coatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications.       132
• Table 48. Market for antimicrobial coatings in clothing and textiles to 2030, by revenues and types.          136
• Table 49. Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial coatings in the packaging market.  138
• Table 50. Market for antimicrobial coatings in food and beverage production & packaging to 2030, by revenues and types.   141
• Table 51. Advanced coatings applied in the automotive industry. 143
• Table 52. Applications in air and water filters, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof.  146
• Table 53. Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings and Surfaces development in academia.        296

FIGURES

• Figure 1. Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic.        26
• Figure 2. Principle of superhydrophilicity.              28
• Figure 3. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.      29
• Figure 4. Schematic of anti-viral coating using nano-actives for inactivation of any adhered virus on the surfaces. 32
• Figure 5. Face masks coated with antibacterial & antiviral nanocoating.   36
• Figure 6. Global revenues for antimicrobial coatings, 2019-2030, USD, conservative estimate.       40
• Figure 7. Total global revenues for Advanced Bactericidal & Viricidal Coatings, 2019-2030, millions USD, conservative estimate, by coatings type.          41
• Figure 8. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles.     48
• Figure 9. Antiviral mechanism of silver nanoparticles.      54
• Figure 10. Antibacterial modes of action of, and bacterial resistance towards silver.           56
• Figure 11.  Antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles.               57
• Figure 12. Antibacterial modes of action of, and bacterial resistance towards copper.       63
• Figure 13. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs.               66
• Figure 14. Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right). 70
• Figure 15. Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter.           70
• Figure 16. Schematic indoor air filtration.              73
• Figure 17. Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles.      74
• Figure 18.  Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface.              75
• Figure 19. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement.   76
• Figure 20.  Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation.      76
• Figure 21. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air filter.            77
• Figure 22. Schematic of photocatalytic water purification.              78
• Figure 23. Antibacterial mechanisms and effects of functionalized gold nanoparticles.       81
• Figure 24. TEM images of Burkholderia seminalis treated with (a, c) buffer (control) and (b, d) 2.0 mg/mL chitosan; (A: additional layer; B: membrane damage).               84
• Figure 25. Antimicrobial peptides mode of action.             86
• Figure 26. Types of nanocellulose.            89
• Figure 27. Applications of antibacterial hydrogels              91
• Figure 28. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx.                94
• Figure 29. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf.             96
• Figure 30. A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°.              97
• Figure 31. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface.    98
• Figure 32. Self-cleaning nanocellulose dishware. 99
• Figure 33. SLIPS repellent coatings.          101
• Figure 34. Omniphobic coatings.                102
• Figure 35. Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO).              105
• Figure 36. Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating.    108
• Figure 37. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes.       110
• Figure 38. Fullerene schematic. 111
• Figure 39. Schematic representation of the antibacterial mechanism of cerium-based materials.  112
• Figure 40. Piezoelectric antimicrobial mechanism.             114
• Figure 41. Market for antimicrobial coatings in household and indoor surfaces to 2030, by revenues and types.    120
• Figure 42. Nano-coated self-cleaning touchscreen.           123
• Figure 43. Anti-bacertial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating.           124
• Figure 44. Market for antimicrobial coatings in medical and healthcare settings to 2030, by revenues and types.  128
• Figure 45. Omniphobic-coated fabric.     130
• Figure 46. Market for antimicrobial coatings in clothing and textiles to 2030, by revenues and types.         137
• Figure 47. Steps during food processing and where contamination might occur from various sources.        140
• Figure 48.  Oso fresh food packaging incorporating antimicrobial silver.   140
• Figure 49. Market for antimicrobial coatings in food and beverage production & packaging to 2030, by revenues and types.   142
• Figure 50. CuanSave film.             180
• Figure 51. Lab tests on DSP coatings.       186
• Figure 52. GermStopSQ mechanism of action.     189
• Figure 53. GrapheneCA anti-bacterial and anti-viral coating.          198
• Figure 54. NOx reduction with TioCem®. 205
• Figure 55. Microlyte® Matrix bandage for surgical wounds.           209
• Figure 56. Self-cleaning nanocoating applied to face masks.          213
• Figure 57. NanoSeptic surfaces. 244
• Figure 58. NascNanoTechnology personnel shown applying MEDICOAT to airport luggage carts.   249
• Figure 59. Heavy bacterial recovery from untreated fiber (left) versus Ultra-Fresh antimicrobial treated fiber (right) after testing using the ISO 20743 test method (Staphylococcus aureus test organism).      282
• Figure 60. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism.      288
• Figure 61. Applications of Titanystar.       293