The Global Market for Alternative Naphtha

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            10

• 1.1        Market Overview          10
• 1.2        Demand-side pull       11
• 1.3        Supply-side pull           12
• 1.4        Global Capacity Analysis      12

2             INTRODUCTION          15

• 2.1        Naphtha Description 15
• 2.2        Refineries & Steam Cracking               16
  • 2.2.1    Current Technology Status    17
    • 2.2.1.1 Process Overview       18
    • 2.2.1.2 Equipment Configuration      19
    • 2.2.1.3 Operating Parameters              21
    • 2.2.1.4 Performance Metrics 22
• 2.3        Alternative Naphtha  23
  • 2.3.1    Production routes       23
    • 2.3.1.1 Bio-based Routes       25
    • 2.3.1.2 Thermal/Chemical Routes    29
    • 2.3.1.3 Hybrid Processes        35
  • 2.3.2    Feedstocks      42
    • 2.3.2.1 Renewable Sources   44
    • 2.3.2.2 Waste Materials           48
    • 2.3.2.3 Novel Feedstocks       52

3             ALTERNATIVE BIO-BASED NAPHTHA              59

• 3.1        Introduction    59
• 3.2        Feedstocks      62
  • 3.2.1    Quality               62
  • 3.2.2    Feedstock Types          63
    • 3.2.2.1 Vegetable Oils               64
    • 3.2.2.2 Animal Fats     65
    • 3.2.2.3 Used Cooking Oils      66
    • 3.2.2.4 Novel Feedstocks       67
• 3.3        Co-processing              68
  • 3.3.1    Technology – co-processing of fats/oils etc. via existing refinery assets 69
  • 3.3.2    Co-processing capacity          70
• 3.4        HVO/HEFA       72
  • 3.4.1    Introduction    72
  • 3.4.2    Technologies  73
  • 3.4.3    Renewable (bio-based) naphtha for steam cracking           74
  • 3.4.4    Capacity for HVO/HEFA processing                75
  • 3.4.5    Production for steam cracking           77
  • 3.4.6    Bio-attributed value chains via steam cracking of naphtha            78

4             ALTERNATIVE NAPHTHA VIA THERMAL/CATALYTIC PROCESSES                81

• 4.1        Introduction    81
• 4.2        Alternative naphtha via plastics & tyre wastes         82
  • 4.2.1    Technology      83
  • 4.2.2    Capacity for pyrolysis oil from plastics and tyres   85
  • 4.2.3    Plastics pyrolysis & alternative naphtha      87
  • 4.2.4    Pyrolysis of waste tyres           90
• 4.3        Biomass processing 94
  • 4.3.1    Introduction    94
  • 4.3.2    Capacity           94
• 4.4        Gasification Processes           96
  • 4.4.1    Introduction    97
  • 4.4.2    Technology      100
  • 4.4.3    Capacity           101

5             CCU-BASED ALTERNATIVE NAPHTHA            103

• 5.1        Technology Overview                104
  • 5.1.1    Carbon Capture Technologies            104
    • 5.1.1.1 Absorption Processes              104
    • 5.1.1.2 Adsorption Systems  105
    • 5.1.1.3 Membrane Separation             106
    • 5.1.1.4 Novel Technologies    107
  • 5.1.2    CO2 Conversion          107
    • 5.1.2.1 Chemical Processes 107
    • 5.1.2.2 Catalytic Systems       108
    • 5.1.2.3 Biological Routes        109
    • 5.1.2.4 Hybrid Approaches    111
• 5.2        Process Technology   111
  • 5.2.1    Syngas Production     112
    • 5.2.1.1 Production Methods 113
  • 5.2.2    Fischer-Tropsch Processing 119
• 5.3        Capacity           120
• 5.4        Companies     123

6             ALTERNATIVE NAPTHA VIA “ALCOHOL TO JET”       126

• 6.1        Process Technology   126
  • 6.1.1    Alcohol Production    127
  • 6.1.2    Conversion Process  128
  • 6.1.3    Product Upgrading     129
  • 6.1.4    Process Integration    132
• 6.2        Market Applications  132

7             COMPANY PROFILES                135 (39 company profiles)

8             APPENDICES  165

• 8.1        Glossary of Terms       165
• 8.2        List of Abbreviations  165
• 8.3        Research Methodology           165

9             REFERENCES 166

List of Tables

• Table 1. Market overview for alternative naphtha. 10
• Table 2. Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) by Production Route.             14
• Table 3. Investment Costs Comparison Across Different Production Routes.    41
• Table 4. Operating Cost Comparison Across Production Routes.               42
• Table 5. Alternative Naphtha Feedstocks.  42
• Table 6. Feedstock Comparison for Different Alternative Naphtha Routes.         43
• Table 7. Feedstock Price Analysis (2020-2026).     44
• Table 8. Chemical Composition Analysis of Different Alternative Naphtha Types.          60
• Table 9. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications.    60
• Table 10. Key Quality Parameters for Bio-based Naphtha vs. Fossil Naphtha.   62
• Table 11. HVO/HEFA & co-processing companies.              67
• Table 12. Co-processing capacity by region, current and estimated.       70
• Table 13. Major HVO/HEFA Technology Providers and Their Process Specifications.     73
• Table 14. Global production of renewable (bio-based) steam cracker feedstock from HVO/HEFA, 2022-2035 (KT).         74
• Table 15. Global production of renewable (bio-based) steam cracker feedstock from HVO/HEFA (KT), current and planned (5 year forecast).          75
• Table 16. Global capacity for HVO/HEFA processing and co-processing current and planned (5 year forecast).          76
• Table 17. Steam Cracker Feed Requirements and Alternative Naphtha Properties.        77
• Table 18. Production of bio-based steam cracker feedstock from HVO/HEFA, current and planned (5 year forecast).               77
• Table 19. Properties of pyrolysis oils .            83
• Table 20. Plastics pyrolysis plants.  85
• Table 21. Plastic pyrolysis capacities by producer.               85
• Table 22. Capacity for pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, current and planned (5 year forecast).            86
• Table 23. Plastics pyrolysis waste processing capacities, Capacity for pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, current and planned (5 year forecast).          87
• Table 24. Capacities for production of pyrolysis oil from waste plastic, current and planned (5 year forecast).          88
• Table 25. Average composition of fuel-efficient passenger car and truck tyres. .              90
• Table 26. Tyre Pyrolysis capacities by producer .   91
• Table 27. Tyre crumb processing capacities, current and planned (5 year forecast).     91
• Table 28. Capacities for production of pyrolysis oil for chemicals, current and planned (5 year forecast).                92
• Table 29. EOL for waste tyres.             92
• Table 30. Capacities from thermal or catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, current and planned (5 year forecast).          94
• Table 31. Capacities via biomass gasification, current and planned (5 year outlook).  101
• Table 32. Carbon Footprint Comparison Across Production Routes.       104
• Table 33. CO2 based hydrocarbon via FT synthesis, current and planned (5 year outlook).      119
• Table 34. Global capacity for CO2 based hydrocarbon via FT synthesis.               120
• Table 35. Companies producing CO2-based syngas and synthetic crude oil.    123

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Alternative naphtha production routes.   23
• Figure 2. HVO/HEFA process               62
• Figure 3. Global production of renewable (bio-based) steam cracker feedstock from HVO/HEFA (KT), current and planned (5 year forecast).          75
• Figure 4. Production of bio-based steam cracker feedstock from HVO/HEFA, current and planned (5 year forecast).               77
• Figure 5. Capacity for pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, current and planned (5 year forecast).             86
• Figure 6. Plastics pyrolysis waste processing capacities, Capacity for pyrolysis oil from waste plastics, current and planned (5 year forecast).          87
• Figure 7. Plastics pyrolysis waste processing capacity, current and planned (5 year forecast).              88
• Figure 8. Capacities for production of pyrolysis oil from waste plastic, current and planned (5 year forecast).          89
• Figure 9. Capacities for production of pyrolysis oil for chemicals, current and planned (5 year forecast).                92
• Figure 10. Capacities from thermal or catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, current and planned (5 year forecast).          95
• Figure 11. Fuels & naphtha via biomass gasification.         97
• Figure 12. pyrolysis of biomass .       98
• Figure 13. Global carbon demand for chemicals and materials. 103
• Figure 14. Fuels & naphtha via carbon capture and utilisation.    113
• Figure 15. Ethanol to jet upgrading steps process.                126
• Figure 16. Corbion FDCA production process.        161
• Figure 17. The Proesa® Process.        163

The Global Market for Alternative Naphtha

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