Published February 2022| 342 pages, 78 tables, 83 figures | Table of contents
The global COVID-19 crisis has greatly increased industry demand for antimicrobial and antiviral coatings, especially for high touch surfaces in healthcare, retail, hotels, offices and the home.
Nanocoatings can demonstrate up to 99.9998% effectiveness against bacteria, formaldehyde, mold and viruses, and are up to 1000 times more efficient than previous technologies available on the market. They can work on multiple levels at the same time: anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal, self-cleaning and anti-corrosion. Nanocoatings companies have partnering with global manufacturers and cities to develop anti-viral facemasks, hazard suits and easily applied surface coatings.
Their use makes it possible to provide enhanced antimicrobial, antiviral, mold-reducing and TVOC degrading processes, that are non-toxic and environmentally friendly, allowing for exceptional hygiene standards in all areas of work and life. As a result, it is possible create a healthier living and working environment and to offer holistic solutions to people with a diminished immune system. Nano-based surface coatings prevent the spread of bacteria, fungi and viruses via infected surfaces of so called high-traffic objects, such as door and window handles in public places, hospitals, public buildings, schools, elderly homes etc.
Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Nanocoatings are available in various material compositions, for healthcare and household surfaces, for indoor and outdoor applications, to protect against corrosion and mildew, as well as for water and air purification. Nanocoatings also reduce surface contamination, are self-cleaning, water-repellent and odour-inhibiting, reducing cleaning and maintenance
Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Nanocoatings can be applied by spraying or dipping and adhere to various surfaces such as glass, metals and various alloys, copper and stainless steel, marble and stone slabs, ceramics and tiles, textiles and plastics.
Nanoparticles of different materials such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanoparticles, and graphene-based materials have demonstrated enhanced anti-microbial and anti-viral activity. The use of inorganic nanomaterials when compared with organic anti-microbial agents is also desirable due to their stability, robustness, and long shelf life. At high temperatures/pressures organic antimicrobial materials are found to be less stable compared to inorganic antimicrobial agents. The various antimicrobial mechanisms of nanomaterials are mostly attributed to their high specific surface area-to-volume ratios, and their distinctive physico-chemical properties..
Antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings applications include, but are not limited to:
- Medical facilities and laboratories
- Medical equipment;
- Fabrics and clothing like face masks;
- Hospital furniture;
- Hotels and other public spaces;
- Window glass;
- Pharmaceutical labs;
- Packaging;
- Food packaging areas and restaurants;
- Food processing equipment;
- Transportation, air ducts and air ventilation systems;
- Appliances;
- Sporting and exercise equipment;
- Containers;
- Aircraft interiors and buildings;
- Cruise lines and other marine vessels;
- Restroom accessories;
- Shower enclosures;
- Handrails;
- Schools and childcare facilities;
- Playgrounds.
Report contents include:
- Size in value for the Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Nanocoatings market, and growth rate during the forecast period, 2017-2032. Historical figures are also provided, from 2010.
- Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Nanocoatings market segments analysis. End users markets include interiors (e.g. household, retails, hotels, workplace, business environments), sanitary, indoor hygiene, medical & healthcare, textiles, plastics packaging etc.
- Size in value for the End-user industries for nanocoatings and growth during the forecast period.
- Market drivers, trends and challenges, by end user markets.
- Market outlook for 2022.
- In-depth market assessment of opportunities for nanocoatings, by type and markets.
- Antimicrobial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Nanocoatings applications.
- Analysis of nanomaterials utilized in Anti-microbial, Anti-viral, and Anti-fungal surface treatments, coatings and films including
- nanosilver
- graphene
- nanosilica
- titanium dioxide nanoparticles/powders
- zinc oxide nanoparticles/powders
- nanocellulose
- carbon nanotubes
- fullerenes
- copper oxide nanoparticles
- iron oxide nanoparticles
- gold nanoparticles
- nitric oxide nanoparticles
- iron oxide nanoparticles
- boron nitride nanoparticles
- magnesium oxide nanoparticles
- aluminium oxide nanoparticles
- organic nanoparticles
- chitosan nanoparticles
- 2D Materials
- Black Phosphorus.
- Layered double hydroxides (LDHs)
- Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)
- Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
- MXENE
- Hydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings
- Superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces.
- In-depth analysis of antibacterial and antiviral treatment for antibacterial mask, filter, gloves, clothes and devices.
- 157 company profiles including products, technology base, target markets and contact details. Companies features include Advanced Materials-JTJ s.r.o., Bio-Fence, Bio-Gate AG, Covalon Technologies Ltd., EnvisionSQ, Fusion Bionic, GrapheneCA, Integricote, Nano Came Co. Ltd., NanoTouch Materials, Nanoveu, NBD Nanotechnologies, NitroPep, OrganoClick, HeiQ Materials, Green Earth Nano Science, Reactive Surfaces, Kastus, Halomine, Spartha Medical SAS, sdst, myNano, Voneco and many more.
1 INTRODUCTION 25
- 1.1 Aims and objectives of the study 25
- 1.2 Market definition 25
- 1.2.1 Properties of nanomaterials 26
- 1.2.2 Categorization 27
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 29
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 30
- 3.1 High performance coatings 30
- 3.2 Nanocoatings 30
- 3.3 Anti-viral nanoparticles and nanocoatings 34
- 3.3.1.1 Reusable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 35
- 3.3.1.2 Wipe on coatings 36
- 3.3.1.3 Facemask coatings 36
- 3.3.1.4 Long-term mitigation of surface contamination with nanocoatings 36
- 3.4 Market drivers and trends 37
- 3.5 Market and technical challenges 39
- 3.6 Toxicity and environmental considerations 40
- 3.7 Impact of COVID-19 on the market 40
4 NANOCOATINGS TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 42
- 4.1 Properties of nanocoatings 42
- 4.2 Benefits of using nanocoatings 43
- 4.2.1 Types of nanocoatings 44
- 4.3 Production and synthesis methods 45
- 4.3.1 Depositing functional nanocomposite films 45
- 4.3.2 Film coatings techniques analysis 46
- 4.3.3 Superhydrophobic coatings on substrates 48
- 4.3.3.1 Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) 48
- 4.3.4 Electrospray and electrospinning 49
- 4.3.5 Chemical and electrochemical deposition 49
- 4.3.5.1 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 49
- 4.3.5.2 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) 51
- 4.3.5.3 Atomic layer deposition (ALD) 51
- 4.3.6 Aerosol coating 52
- 4.3.7 Layer-by-layer Self-assembly (LBL) 52
- 4.3.8 Sol-gel process 54
- 4.3.9 Etching 56
5 NANOMATERIALS USED IN ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTI-VIRAL AND ANTI-FUNGAL NANOCOATINGS 57
- 5.1 Metallic-based coatings 57
- 5.2 Polymer-based coatings 57
- 5.3 Antimicrobial nanomaterials 58
- 5.4 GRAPHENE 61
- 5.4.1 Properties 61
- 5.4.2 Graphene oxide 62
- 5.4.2.1 Anti-bacterial activity 62
- 5.4.2.2 Anti-viral activity 63
- 5.4.3 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 63
- 5.4.4 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 64
- 5.4.4.1 Anti-microbial wound dressings 65
- 5.4.4.2 Medical textiles 65
- 5.4.4.3 Anti-microbial medical devices and implants 65
- 5.5 SILICON DIOXIDE/SILICA NANOPARTICLES 66
- 5.5.1 Properties 66
- 5.5.2 Antimicrobial and antiviral activity 67
- 5.5.2.1 Easy-clean and dirt repellent coatings 67
- 5.6 SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) 68
- 5.6.1 Properties 68
- 5.6.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 68
- 5.6.2.1 Textiles 70
- 5.6.2.2 Wound dressings 70
- 5.6.2.3 Consumer products 70
- 5.6.2.4 Air filtration 71
- 5.6.2.5 Packaging 71
- 5.6.3 Companies 72
- 5.7 TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES 74
- 5.7.1 Properties 74
- 5.7.1.1 Exterior and construction glass coatings 75
- 5.7.1.2 Outdoor air pollution 77
- 5.7.1.3 Interior coatings 78
- 5.7.1.4 Improving indoor air quality 78
- 5.7.1.5 Medical facilities 79
- 5.7.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 79
- 5.7.2.1 Air filtration coatings 79
- 5.7.2.2 Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation 80
- 5.7.1 Properties 74
- 5.8 ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (ZnO-NPs) 81
- 5.8.1 Properties 81
- 5.8.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 82
- 5.8.2.1 Sterilization dressings 82
- 5.8.2.2 Anti-bacterial surfaces in construction and building ceramics and glass 82
- 5.8.2.3 Antimicrobial packaging 83
- 5.8.2.4 Anti-bacterial textiles 83
- 5.9 NANOCEULLOSE (CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS) 85
- 5.9.1 Properties 85
- 5.9.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 86
- 5.9.2.1 Cellulose nanofibers 86
- 5.9.2.2 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) 86
- 5.10 CARBON NANOTUBES 87
- 5.10.1 Properties 87
- 5.10.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 87
- 5.11 FULLERENES 88
- 5.11.1 Properties 88
- 5.11.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 88
- 5.12 COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 90
- 5.12.1 Properties 90
- 5.12.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 90
- 5.12.3 Companies 90
- 5.13 GOLD NANOPARTICLES (AuNPs) 92
- 5.13.1 Properties 92
- 5.13.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 92
- 5.14 IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 93
- 5.14.1 Properties 93
- 5.14.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 93
- 5.15 MAGNESIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 94
- 5.15.1 Properties 94
- 5.15.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 94
- 5.16 NITRIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 95
- 5.16.1 Properties 95
- 5.16.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 95
- 5.17 ALUMINIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES 96
- 5.17.1 Properties 96
- 5.17.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 96
- 5.18 ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 97
- 5.18.1 Types and properties 97
- 5.19 CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES 99
- 5.19.1 Properties 99
- 5.19.2 Application in anti-microbial and anti-viral nanocoatings 100
- 5.19.2.1 Wound dressings 100
- 5.19.2.2 Packaging coatings and films 101
- 5.19.2.3 Food storage 101
- 5.20 TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) MATERIALS 102
- 5.20.1 Black phosphorus (BP) 102
- 5.20.2 Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) 102
- 5.20.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) 103
- 5.20.4 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 104
- 5.20.5 MXENE 104
- 5.21 HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC COATINGS AND SURFACES 106
- 5.21.1 Hydrophilic coatings 106
- 5.21.2 Hydrophobic coatings 106
- 5.21.2.1 Properties 107
- 5.21.2.2 Application in facemasks 107
- 5.22 SUPERHYDROPHOBIC COATINGS AND SURFACES 108
- 5.22.1 Properties 108
- 5.22.1.1 Anti-microbial use 109
- 5.22.1.2 Durability issues 110
- 5.22.1.3 Nanocellulose 110
- 5.22.1 Properties 108
- 5.23 OLEOPHOBIC AND OMNIPHOBIC COATINGS AND SURFACES 111
- 5.23.1 SLIPS 111
- 5.23.2 Covalent bonding 112
- 5.23.3 Step-growth graft polymerization 112
- 5.23.4 Applications 112
6 ANTI-MICROBIAL AND ANTI-VIRAL NANOCOATINGS MARKET STRUCTURE 114
7 MARKET ANALYSIS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIFUNGAL NANOCOATINGS 116
- 7.1 ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTI-VIRAL AND ANTI-FUNGAL NANOCOATINGS 116
- 7.1.1 Market drivers and trends 118
- 7.1.2 Applications 123
- 7.1.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 124
- 7.1.4 Companies 128
- 7.2 ANTI-FOULING AND EASY-TO-CLEAN NANOCOATINGS 131
- 7.2.1 Market drivers and trends 132
- 7.2.2 Benefits of anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings 133
- 7.2.3 Applications 133
- 7.2.4 Global revenues 2010-2032 133
- 7.2.5 Companies 137
- 7.3 SELF-CLEANING NANOCOATINGS 140
- 7.3.1 Market drivers and trends 141
- 7.3.2 Benefits of self-cleaning nanocoatings 141
- 7.3.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 142
- 7.3.4 Companies 147
- 7.4 PHOTOCATALYTIC COATINGS 149
- 7.4.1 Market drivers and trends 150
- 7.4.2 Benefits of photocatalytic self-cleaning nanocoatings 150
- 7.4.3 Applications 151
- 7.4.3.1 Self-Cleaning Coatings 151
- 7.4.3.2 Indoor Air Pollution and Sick Building Syndrome 151
- 7.4.3.3 Outdoor Air Pollution 151
- 7.4.3.4 Water Treatment 152
- 7.4.4 Global revenues 2010-2032 152
- 7.4.5 Companies 157
8 MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS, BY END USER MARKET 160
- 8.1 BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION 160
- 8.1.1 Market drivers and trends 160
- 8.1.2 Applications 161
- 8.1.2.1 Protective coatings for glass, concrete and other construction materials 162
- 8.1.2.2 Photocatalytic nano-TiO2 coatings 162
- 8.1.2.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 165
- 8.1.3 Companies 167
- 8.2 INTERIOR COATINGS, SANITARY AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY 171
- 8.2.1 Market drivers and trends 171
- 8.2.2 Applications 171
- 8.2.2.1 Self-cleaning and easy-to-clean 171
- 8.2.2.2 Food preparation and processing 171
- 8.2.2.3 Indoor pollutants and air quality 172
- 8.2.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 173
- 8.2.4 Companies 176
- 8.3 MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE 179
- 8.3.1 Market drivers and trends 179
- 8.3.2 Applications 180
- 8.3.2.1 Anti-fouling, anti-microbial and anti-viral medical device and equipment coatings 181
- 8.3.2.2 Medical textiles 181
- 8.3.2.3 Wound dressings and plastic catheters 181
- 8.3.2.4 Medical implant coatings 183
- 8.3.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 184
- 8.3.4 Companies 188
- 8.4 TEXTILES AND APPAREL 191
- 8.4.1 Market drivers and trends 191
- 8.4.2 Applications 192
- 8.4.2.1 PPE 192
- 8.4.3 Global revenues 2010-2032 197
- 8.4.4 Companies 201
- 8.5 PACKAGING 204
- 8.5.1 Market drivers and trends 204
- 8.5.2 Applications 205
- 8.5.2.1 Antimicrobial coatings and films in food packaging 205
- 8.5.3 Companies 207
9 ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIVIRAL AND ANTIFUNGAL NANOCOATINGS COMPANIES 209 (157 company profiles)
10 RECENT RESEARCH IN ACADEMIA 329
11 REFERENCES 330
LIST OF TABLES
- Table 1: Categorization of nanomaterials. 27
- Table 2: Properties of nanocoatings. 31
- Table 3. Market drivers and trends in antiviral and antimicrobial nanocoatings. 37
- Table 4. Market and technical challenges for antimicrobial, anti-viral and anti-fungal nanocoatings. 39
- Table 5. Toxicity and environmental considerations for anti-viral coatings. 40
- Table 6: Technology for synthesizing nanocoatings agents. 45
- Table 7: Film coatings techniques. 46
- Table 8: Nanomaterials used in nanocoatings and applications. 58
- Table 9.Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings. 61
- Table 10. Bactericidal characters of graphene-based materials. 63
- Table 11. Markets and applications for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings graphene nanocoatings. 64
- Table 12. Commercial activity in antimicrobial and antiviral graphene nanocoatings. 65
- Table 13. Markets and applications for antimicrobial nanosilver nanocoatings. 69
- Table 14. Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) incorporated into food packaging. 71
- Table 15. Companies developing antimicrobial silver nanocoatings. 72
- Table 16. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species. 83
- Table 17. Types of carbon-based nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent, their mechanisms of action and characteristics. 89
- Table 18. Companies developing antimicrobial copper nanocoatings. 90
- Table 19. Types of organic nanoparticles and application in antimicrobials. 97
- Table 20. Mechanism of chitosan antimicrobial action. 100
- Table 21: Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. 107
- Table 22: Disadvantages of commonly utilized superhydrophobic coating methods. 109
- Table 23: Applications of oleophobic & omniphobic coatings. 112
- Table 24: Antimicrobial and antiviral Nanocoatings market structure. 114
- Table 25: Anti-microbial, anti-viral and anti-fungal nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications 117
- Table 26. Nanomaterials utilized in antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings coatings-benefits and applications. 122
- Table 27: Antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings markets and applications. 124
- Table 28: Market assessment of antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings. 125
- Table 29: Opportunity for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings. 125
- Table 30: Historical revenues for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings, 2010-2021, US$. 126
- Table 31. Revenues for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 127
- Table 32: Antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings product and application developers. 128
- Table 33: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications. 131
- Table 34: Market drivers and trends in Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings. 132
- Table 35: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings markets, applications and potential addressable market. 134
- Table 36: Market assessment for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings. 134
- Table 37: Historical revenues for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 135
- Table 38. Revenues for antifouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 136
- Table 39: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings product and application developers. 138
- Table 40: Self-cleaning nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications. 140
- Table 41: Market drivers and trends in Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings. 141
- Table 42: Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings-Markets and applications. 143
- Table 43: Market assessment for self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings. 143
- Table 44: Historical revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 144
- Table 45. Revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 145
- Table 46: Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings product and application developers. 147
- Table 47: Photocatalytic coatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications. 149
- Table 48: Market drivers and trends in photocatalytic nanocoatings. 150
- Table 49: Photocatalytic nanocoatings-Markets, applications and potential addressable market size by 2032. 153
- Table 50: Market assessment for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings. 154
- Table 51. Historical revenues for Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 155
- Table 52. Revenues for Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 156
- Table 53: Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings product and application developers. 157
- Table 54: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings in the buildings and construction market. 160
- Table 55: Nanocoatings applied in the building and construction industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized and benefits. 161
- Table 56: Photocatalytic nanocoatings-Markets and applications. 163
- Table 57: Revenues for nanocoatings in construction, architecture and exterior protection, 2010-2032, US$. 165
- Table 58: Construction, architecture and exterior protection nanocoatings product developers. 167
- Table 59: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings in Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality. 171
- Table 60: Revenues for nanocoatings in Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality, 2010-2032, US$. 174
- Table 61: Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality nanocoatings product developers. 176
- Table 62: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings in medicine and healthcare. 179
- Table 63: Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications. 181
- Table 64. Antibacterial nanomaterials used in wound healing . 182
- Table 65: Types of advanced coatings applied in medical devices and implants. 183
- Table 66: Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants. 183
- Table 67: Revenues for nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, 2010-2032, US$. 186
- Table 68: Medical and healthcare nanocoatings product developers. 188
- Table 69: Market drivers and trends for antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings s in the textiles and apparel industry. 191
- Table 70: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 193
- Table 71: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications. 194
- Table 72: Revenues for nanocoatings in textiles and apparel, 2010-2032, US$. 199
- Table 73: Textiles nanocoatings product developers. 201
- Table 74: Market drivers and trends for nanocoatings in the packaging market. 204
- Table 75: Revenues for nanocoatings in packaging, 2010-2032, US$. 206
- Table 76: Food packaging nanocoatings product developers. 207
- Table 77. Photocatalytic coating schematic. 239
- Table 78. Antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal nanocoatings development in academia. 329
LIST OF FIGURES
- Figure 1. Schematic of anti-viral coating using nano-actives for inactivation of any adhered virus on the surfaces. 35
- Figure 2. Face masks coated with antibacterial & antiviral nanocoating. 36
- Figure 3: Hydrophobic fluoropolymer nanocoatings on electronic circuit boards. 43
- Figure 4: Nanocoatings synthesis techniques. 45
- Figure 5: Techniques for constructing superhydrophobic coatings on substrates. 48
- Figure 6: Electrospray deposition. 49
- Figure 7. CVD technique. 50
- Figure 8. Schematic of ALD. 52
- Figure 9. A substrate undergoing layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating. 53
- Figure 10. SEM images of different layers of TiO2 nanoparticles in steel surface. 54
- Figure 11. The coating system is applied to the surface. The solvent evaporates. 55
- Figure 12. A first organization takes place where the silicon-containing bonding component (blue dots in figure 2) bonds covalently with the surface and cross-links with neighbouring molecules to form a strong three-dimensional. 55
- Figure 13. During the curing, the compounds organise themselves in a nanoscale monolayer. The fluorine-containing repellent component (red dots in figure) on top makes the glass hydro- phobic and oleophobic. 55
- Figure 14: Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO). 63
- Figure 15: Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating. 68
- Figure 16 Anti-bacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticle coating. 69
- Figure 17: Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles. 75
- Figure 18: Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface. 75
- Figure 19: Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right). 76
- Figure 20: Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation. 77
- Figure 21: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement. 78
- Figure 22: Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter. 79
- Figure 23: Schematic of photocatalytic water purification. 80
- Figure 24. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs. 83
- Figure 25: Types of nanocellulose. 85
- Figure 26. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes. 87
- Figure 27: Fullerene schematic. 88
- Figure 28. TEM images of Burkholderia seminalis treated with (a, c) buffer (control) and (b, d) 2.0 mg/mL chitosan; (A: additional layer; B: membrane damage). 99
- Figure 29: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide. 103
- Figure 30: Graphitic carbon nitride. 104
- Figure 31: (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf. 106
- Figure 32: A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°. 107
- Figure 33: Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface. 109
- Figure 34: Self-cleaning nanocellulose dishware. 110
- Figure 35: SLIPS repellent coatings. 111
- Figure 36: Omniphobic coatings. 113
- Figure 37: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocoatings producer. 114
- Figure 38: Market drivers and trends in antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings. 118
- Figure 39. Nano-coated self-cleaning touchscreen. 125
- Figure 40. Historical revenues for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings, 2010-2021, US$. 127
- Figure 41: Revenues for antimicrobial and antiviral nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 128
- Figure 42: Anti-fouling treatment for heat-exchangers. 133
- Figure 43: Markets for anti-fouling and easy clean nanocoatings, by %, 2021. 134
- Figure 44: Potential addressable market for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings by 2031. 135
- Figure 45. Historical revenues for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 136
- Figure 46: Revenues for antifouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 137
- Figure 47: Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic. 142
- Figure 48: Markets for self-cleaning nanocoatings, %, 2021 143
- Figure 49: Potential addressable market for self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings by 2032. 144
- Figure 50. Historical revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 145
- Figure 51: Revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 146
- Figure 52: Principle of superhydrophilicity. 151
- Figure 53: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement. 152
- Figure 54: Tokyo Station GranRoof. The titanium dioxide coating ensures long-lasting whiteness. 153
- Figure 55: Markets for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings 2021, %. 153
- Figure 56: Potential addressable market for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings by 2032. 155
- Figure 57. Historical revenues for Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2010-2032, US$. 156
- Figure 58: Revenues for Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2022-2032, US$ (low, medium and high growth estimates). 157
- Figure 59: Nanocoatings in construction, architecture and exterior protection, by coatings type %, 2020. 164
- Figure 60: Potential addressable market for nanocoatings in the construction, architecture and exterior coatings sector by 2031. 165
- Figure 61: Revenues for nanocoatings in construction, architecture and exterior protection, 2010-2032, US$. 166
- Figure 62: Nanocoatings in Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality, by coatings type %, 2020. 174
- Figure 63: Potential addressable market for nanocoatings in Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality by 2032. 174
- Figure 64: Revenues for nanocoatings in Interior coatings, sanitary, and indoor air quality, 2010-2032, US$. 176
- Figure 65: Anti-bacterial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating. 184
- Figure 66: Nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, by coatings type %, 2020. 185
- Figure 67: Potential addressable market for nanocoatings in medical & healthcare by 2031. 186
- Figure 68: Revenues for nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, 2010-2032, US$. 187
- Figure 69: Omniphobic-coated fabric. 192
- Figure 70: Nanocoatings in textiles and apparel, by coatings type %, 2020. 198
- Figure 71: Potential addressable market for nanocoatings in textiles and apparel by 2031. 199
- Figure 72: Revenues for nanocoatings in textiles and apparel, 2010-2032, US$. 200
- Figure 73: Oso fresh food packaging incorporating antimicrobial silver. 206
- Figure 74: Revenues for nanocoatings in packaging, 2010-2032, US$. 207
- Figure 75. Lab tests on DSP coatings. 238
- Figure 76. Laser-functionalized glass. 244
- Figure 77. GrapheneCA anti-bacterial and anti-viral coating. 247
- Figure 78. Microlyte® Matrix bandage for surgical wounds. 255
- Figure 79. Self-cleaning nanocoating applied to face masks. 259
- Figure 80. NanoSeptic surfaces. 286
- Figure 81. Nasc NanoTechnology personnel shown applying MEDICOAT to airport luggage carts. 292
- Figure 82. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism. 323
- Figure 83. Applications of Titanystar. 327
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