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The Global Market for Bioplastics and Biopolymers 2021

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Published October 2021 | 330 pages, 56 tables, 66 figures | Table of contents

Global plastics production totaled 368 million metric tons in 2019. Apart from the environmental problems associated with extracting the non-renewable resource, nearly 80 million tonnes of plastics end up in landfills. Bioplastics and biopolymers are a biodegradable and natural alternative.

Polymeric biomaterials are biobased products that allow for greater product sustainability due to their biodegradability and renewability. Their use is attractive as bioplastics that biodegrade to CO2 and H2O mitigate the negative effects of standard plastic (litter and damage to aqua environments). Renewable feedstocks can be utilized instead of petroleum, thereby reducing global dependence on crude oil and lessening the impact on climate.

The sky rocketing price of petroleum coupled with global environmental concerns, and continued population growth is pushing the plastic industries  towards sustainability. Growing government regulatory restrictions, consumers’ desire and energy conservation are some of the key factors that drive research and proudcet development towards renewable resource-based polymeric biomaterials. The performance of bioplastics is also improving and range of applications expanding.

Bioplastics are defined as 'biobased and/or biodegradable plastics', a globally accepted definition. Not all bioplastics are biobased and if referring to the plastic problem of non-biodegradability, not all bioplastics are biodegradable. Biobased is based upon the carbon source while biodegradability upon chemical structure.

These include:

  • Biobased plastics that are not necessarily biodegradable (including conventional polymers, e.g. PE, made from biobased monomers.
  • Plastics containing both petro-based and bio-based components, e.g. PET, not necessarily biodegradable.
  • Biodegradable or compostable plastics derived from biobased materials, such as starch, cellulose, polylactides or polyhydroxyalkaboates.
  • Biodegradable petroleum-based plastics, e.g. PBAT.

 

This report covers:

  • Analysis of non-biodegradable bio-based plastics and biodegradable plastics and polymers.
  • Global production capacities, market demand and trends
  • Analysis of synthetic biopolymers market including Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA), Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET), Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT), Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF), Polyamides (Bio-PA), Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT), Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers, Polyethylene (Bio-PE), Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
  • Analysis of naturally produced bio-based polymers including Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), Polysaccharides, Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), Cellulose nanocrystals, Cellulose nanofibers,  Protein-based bioplastics, Algal and fungal. 
  • Market segmentation analysis. Markets analysed include packaging, consumer goods, automotive, building & construction, textiles, electronics, agriculture & horticulture. 
  • More than 300 companies profiled including products and production capacities. Companies profiled include major producers such as NatureWorks, Total Corbion, Danimer Scientific, Novamont, Mitsubishi Chemicals, Indorama, Braskem, Avantium, Borealis, Cathay, Dupont, BASF, Arkema, DuPont, BASF and many more. Profiles include products and production capacities. 
  • Profiles of start-up producers and product developers including AMSilk GmbH, Notpla, Loliware, Bolt Threads, Ecovative, Kraig Biocraft Laboratories Spiber and many more. 

 

 

1              EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   18

  • 1.1          Market trends   19
  • 1.2          Global production to 2030            20
  • 1.3          Main producers and global production capacities               22
    • 1.3.1      Producers           22
    • 1.3.2      By biobased and sustainable plastic type               23
    • 1.3.3      By region             27
  • 1.4          Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics 2020, by market     29
  • 1.5          Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the bioplastics market and future demand        32
  • 1.6          Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market         32

 

2              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY         34

 

3              THE GLOBAL PLASTICS MARKET 35

  • 3.1          Global production            35
  • 3.2          The importance of plastic              35
  • 3.3          Issues with plastics use  36

 

4              BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOPLASTICS              37

  • 4.1          Bio-based or renewable plastics 37
    • 4.1.1      Drop-in bio-based plastics            37
    • 4.1.2      Novel bio-based plastics                38
  • 4.2          Biodegradable and compostable plastics                39
    • 4.2.1      Biodegradability               39
    • 4.2.2      Compostability  40
  • 4.3          Advantages and disadvantages  40
  • 4.4          Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics              41
  • 4.5          Market leaders by biobased and/or biodegradable plastic types  43
  • 4.6          SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS            44
    • 4.6.1      Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) 44
      • 4.6.1.1   Market analysis 44
      • 4.6.1.2   Producers           46
    • 4.6.2      Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)     47
      • 4.6.2.1   Market analysis 47
      • 4.6.2.2   Producers           48
    • 4.6.3      Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)             48
      • 4.6.3.1   Market analysis 48
      • 4.6.3.2   Producers           49
    • 4.6.4      Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)             49
      • 4.6.4.1   Market analysis 50
      • 4.6.4.2   Comparative properties to PET   51
      • 4.6.4.3   Producers           51
    • 4.6.5      Polyamides (Bio-PA)       52
      • 4.6.5.1   Market analysis 52
      • 4.6.5.2   Producers           53
    • 4.6.6      Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)        54
      • 4.6.6.1   Market analysis 54
      • 4.6.6.2   Producers           54
    • 4.6.7      Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers     55
      • 4.6.7.1   Market analysis 56
      • 4.6.7.2   Producers           56
    • 4.6.8      Polyethylene (Bio-PE)    57
      • 4.6.8.1   Market analysis 57
      • 4.6.8.2   Producers           57
    • 4.6.9      Polypropylene (Bio-PP) 58
      • 4.6.9.1   Market analysis 58
      • 4.6.9.2   Producers           58
  • 4.7          NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS               59
    • 4.7.1      Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)     59
      • 4.7.1.1   Types    61
      • 4.7.1.2   Market analysis 63
      • 4.7.1.3   Commercially available PHAs      64
      • 4.7.1.4   Markets for PHAs             65
      • 4.7.1.5   Producers           67
    • 4.7.2      Polysaccharides 68
      • 4.7.2.1   Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) 68
      • 4.7.2.2   Cellulose nanocrystals    69
      • 4.7.2.3   Cellulose nanofibers       71
    • 4.7.3      Protein-based bioplastics             74
      • 4.7.3.1   Types, applications and producers            74
    • 4.7.4      Algal and fungal 76
      • 4.7.4.1   Algal      76
      • 4.7.4.2   Mycelium            78
      • 4.7.5      Chitosan              81
  • 4.8          PRODUCTION OF BIOBASED AND SUSTAINABLE PLASTICS, BY REGION      82
    • 4.8.1      North America   83
    • 4.8.2      Europe 83
    • 4.8.3      Asia-Pacific         84
      • 4.8.3.1   China     84
      • 4.8.3.2   Japan    84
      • 4.8.3.3   Thailand               85
      • 4.8.3.4   Indonesia            85
    • 4.8.4      Latin America    86
  • 4.9          MARKET SEGMENTATION OF BIOPLASTICS           87
    • 4.9.1      Packaging            89
    • 4.9.2      Consumer products        90
    • 4.9.3      Automotive        91
    • 4.9.4      Building & construction 92
    • 4.9.5      Textiles 93
    • 4.9.6      Electronics          94
    • 4.9.7      Agriculture and horticulture        95

 

5              COMPANY PROFILES       97

  • 5.1          9Fiber, Inc.          97
  • 5.2          ADBioplastics     98
  • 5.3          Advanced Biochemical (Thailand) Co., Ltd.             98
  • 5.4          AGRANA Staerke GmbH 99
  • 5.5          Algix LLC               100
  • 5.6          AlgiKnit 101
  • 5.7          AMSilk GmbH    102
  • 5.8          An Phát Bioplastics          102
  • 5.9          Ankor Bioplastics Co., Ltd.            103
  • 5.10        Anellotech, Inc. 104
  • 5.11        Anqing He Xing Chemical Co., Ltd.             105
  • 5.12        Applied Bioplastics           105
  • 5.13        Aquafil S.p.A.     106
  • 5.14        Aquapak Polymers Ltd   106
  • 5.15        Archer Daniel Midland Company (ADM) 107
  • 5.16        Arctic Biomaterials Oy    108
  • 5.17        Arkema S.A         109
  • 5.18        Arlanxeo              109
  • 5.19        Arrow Greentech             110
  • 5.20        Arzeda Corp.      111
  • 5.21        Attis Innovations, llc        112
  • 5.22        AVA Biochem AG              112
  • 5.23        Avantium B.V.   113
  • 5.24        Avani Eco             114
  • 5.25        Ayas Renewables Inc.     115
  • 5.26        Azolla    115
  • 5.27        BASF SE 116
  • 5.28        BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.           117
  • 5.29        Bcomp ltd.          118
  • 5.30        Bioextrax AB      119
  • 5.31        Bio Fab NZ           119
  • 5.32        BIO-FED               120
  • 5.33        Biofibre GmbH  121
  • 5.34        Biofine Technology, LLC 121
  • 5.35        BioLogiQ, Inc.     122
  • 5.36        Bioextrax AB      123
  • 5.37        Biomass Resin Holdings Co., Ltd.                124
  • 5.38        Biome Bioplastics             125
  • 5.39        BIOTEC GmbH & Co. KG 125
  • 5.40        Biofiber Tech Sweden AB              126
  • 5.41        Bioplastech Ltd 127
  • 5.42        Biotrem                127
  • 5.43        BlockTexx Pty Ltd.            128
  • 5.44        BluCon Biotech GmbH    128
  • 5.45        Blue BioFuels, Inc.            129
  • 5.46        Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.             130
  • 5.47        Bolt Threads       131
  • 5.48        Borealis AG         131
  • 5.48.1    Borregaard Chemcell      132
  • 5.49        Bosk Bioproducts Inc.     133
  • 5.50        B-PREG 134
  • 5.51        Braskem SA        134
  • 5.52        Bio Fab NZ           135
  • 5.53        Carbiolice            136
  • 5.54        Carbios 137
  • 5.55        Cardia Bioplastics Ltd.    137
  • 5.56        CARAPAC Company        138
  • 5.57        Cargill    139
  • 5.58        Catalyxx               139
  • 5.59        Cathay Industrial Biotech, Ltd.    140
  • 5.60        Celanese Corporation    140
  • 5.61        Cellucomp Ltd.  141
  • 5.62        Cellugy 142
  • 5.63        Cellutech AB (Stora Enso)             143
  • 5.64        CH-Bioforce Oy 144
  • 5.65        Checkerspot, Inc.             144
  • 5.66        Chempolis Oy    145
  • 5.67        Chongqing Bofei Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.  146
  • 5.68        Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd.   147
  • 5.69        Circa Group        150
  • 5.70        CJ CheilJedang Corporation         150
  • 5.71        Corumat, Inc.     151
  • 5.72        Clariant AG         151
  • 5.73        Cristal Union Group        153
  • 5.74        Cruz Foam           153
  • 5.75        CuanTec Ltd.      154
  • 5.76        Daicel Polymer Ltd.         155
  • 5.77        Daio Paper Corporation 156
  • 5.78        DAK Americas LLC            158
  • 5.79        Danimer Scientific LLC    159
  • 5.80        Diamond Green Diesel LLC           160
  • 5.81        DIC Corporation 161
  • 5.82        Dongying Hebang Chemical Corp.             161
  • 5.83        Dow, Inc.             162
  • 5.84        Royal DSM N.V  163
  • 5.85        DuFor Resins B.V.             163
  • 5.86        DuPont 164
  • 5.87        DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products Co., LLC               165
  • 5.88        Eastman Chemical Ltd. Corporation          166
  • 5.89        Ecoshell                167
  • 5.90        Ecovia Renewables         167
  • 5.91        Ecovative Design LLC       168
  • 5.92        EggPlant Srl         169
  • 5.93        EMS-Grivory      170
  • 5.94        Eni S.p.A.             170
  • 5.95        Eranova                171
  • 5.96        Esbottle Oy         172
  • 5.97        Evolved By Nature           173
  • 5.98        Evonik Industries AG      174
  • 5.99        Fairbrics               175
  • 5.100     Far Eastern New Century Corporation     175
  • 5.101     Fiberlean Technologies  176
  • 5.102     Fiberight              177
  • 5.103     FKuR Kunststoff GmbH  178
  • 5.104     Floreon 179
  • 5.105     Foamplant BV    180
  • 5.106     Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC       180
  • 5.107     Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF   181
  • 5.108     Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd.      181
  • 5.109     Full Cycle Bioplastics LLC               183
  • 5.110     Futerro 184
  • 5.111     Futuramat Sarl   184
  • 5.112     Galatea Biotech Srl          185
  • 5.113     Gen3Bio               186
  • 5.114     Genecis Bioindustries, Inc.           186
  • 5.115     Genomatica       187
  • 5.116     Grabio Greentech Corporation  188
  • 5.117     Granbio Technologies    188
  • 5.118     Grupp MAIP       190
  • 5.119     GS Alliance Co. Ltd           191
  • 5.120     Guangzhou Bio-plus Materials Technology Co., Ltd.           192
  • 5.121     Haldor Topsoe A/S           193
  • 5.122     Hattori Shoten K.K.         193
  • 5.123     Hebei Casda Biomaterials Co., Ltd.            194
  • 5.124     Hebei Jiheng Chemical Co., Ltd.  195
  • 5.125     Hebei Xinhua Lactic Acid Co.        195
  • 5.126     Heilongjiang Chenneng Bioengineering Ltd.          196
  • 5.127     Henan Jindan Lactic Acid Technology Co., Ltd.      196
  • 5.128     Henan Xinghan Biological Technology Co., Ltd.    197
  • 5.129     Hengshui Jinghua Chemical Co., Ltd.        197
  • 5.130     Hengli Petrochemical     198
  • 5.131     Hokuetsu Toyo Fibre Co., Ltd.     199
  • 5.132     Hubei Guangshui National Chemical Co., Ltd.       201
  • 5.133     Humintech GmbH            202
  • 5.134     Hunan Anhua Lactic Acid Co        202
  • 5.135     India Glycols Ltd.              203
  • 5.136     Indochine Bio Plastiques (ICBP) Sdn Bhd 203
  • 5.137     Indorama Ventures Public Co. Ltd.            204
  • 5.138     Inovyn  205
  • 5.139     Inspidere B.V.    205
  • 5.140     Ioniqa   206
  • 5.141     Itaconix 206
  • 5.142     Jiangsu Anpon Electrochemical Co., Ltd  207
  • 5.143     Jiangsu Jinhe Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.    208
  • 5.144     Jiangsu Senda Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.      208
  • 5.145     Jiangsu Torise Biomaterials Co., Ltd          209
  • 5.146     Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd.          210
  • 5.147     Jiangsu Zhongzheng Biochemical Co., Ltd.              210
  • 5.148     Jilin COFCO Biomaterial Corporation        211
  • 5.149     JinHui ZhaoLang High Technology Co., Ltd.            211
  • 5.150     Jungbunzlauer Suisse AG              213
  • 5.151     Kaneka Corporation        213
  • 5.152     Kingfa Sci. & Tech. Co. Ltd.           214
  • 5.153     Kolon Industries, Inc.      215
  • 5.154     Kraig Biocraft Laboratories           215
  • 5.155     LAM’ON               216
  • 5.156     Lactips S.A.         216
  • 5.157     LCY Biosciences 217
  • 5.158     Lean Orb              218
  • 5.159     Lenzing AG          219
  • 5.160     LEUNA-Harze GmbH       219
  • 5.161     Lingrove, Inc.     220
  • 5.162     Lixea Limited      221
  • 5.163     Locus Fermentation Solutions    221
  • 5.164     Loick Biowertstoff GmbH             222
  • 5.165     Loliware LLC       222
  • 5.166     LOTTE Chemical Corporation       223
  • 5.167     LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V.   224
  • 5.168     Made of Air GmbH          224
  • 5.169     Mango Materials, Inc.    225
  • 5.170     Marea   226
  • 5.171     Marine Innovation Co., Ltd           227
  • 5.172     MedPHA Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.          227
  • 5.173     Meghmani Finechem Ltd.             228
  • 5.174     Mercurius Biorefining Inc              228
  • 5.175     METabolic EXplorer S.A. (METEX)              229
  • 5.176     Metgen Oy         229
  • 5.177     Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation              230
  • 5.178     Mitsubishi Polyester Film GmbH 231
  • 5.179     Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.     232
  • 5.180     Mobius 233
  • 5.181     Mogu S.r.l.          233
  • 5.182     Multibax Public Co., Ltd.                234
  • 5.183     Mura Technology Limited             235
  • 5.184     Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd.      236
  • 5.185     MYCL     236
  • 5.186     MycoWorks        237
  • 5.187     Nabaco, Inc.       238
  • 5.188     Nafigate Corporation a.s.              239
  • 5.189     Nanollose Ltd     240
  • 5.190     Nantong Cellulose Fibers Co., Ltd              241
  • 5.191     Nantong Jiuding Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. 242
  • 5.192     NatPol  242
  • 5.193     Natural Fiber Welding, Inc.           243
  • 5.194     NatureWorks LLC             244
  • 5.195     NefFa    244
  • 5.196     Neste Oyj            245
  • 5.197     Newlight Technologies LLC           246
  • 5.198     New Zealand Natural Fibers (NZNF)         246
  • 5.199     NEXE Innovations Inc.    247
  • 5.200     Ningbo Huanyang Chemical Co., Ltd.        248
  • 5.201     Ningbo Tianan Biologic Material 248
  • 5.202     Nippon Paper Industries               249
  • 5.203     Norske Skog AS 251
  • 5.204     Northern Technologies International       251
  • 5.205     Notpla  252
  • 5.206     Novamont S.p.A.              253
  • 5.207     Novomer             254
  • 5.208     NUREL S.A.          254
  • 5.209     Nxtlevvel             255
  • 5.210     Oakbio, Inc.        256
  • 5.211     Oimo     257
  • 5.212     Oleon N.V.          258
  • 5.213     Oji Paper Company         258
  • 5.214     Origin Materials                262
  • 5.215     Paques Biomaterials       263
  • 5.216     PHABuilder         263
  • 5.217     PHB Industrial S.A.           264
  • 5.218     Photanol B.V.     264
  • 5.219     Plafco Fibertech Oy         265
  • 5.220     Plantic Technologies Ltd.              266
  • 5.221     Plantics B.V.       267
  • 5.222     Polaris Renewables LLC 267
  • 5.223     Polyferm             268
  • 5.224     Pond Biomaterials            268
  • 5.225     PT Intera Lestari Polimer               269
  • 5.226     PTT MCC Biochem Co., Ltd.          270
  • 5.227     Qnature UG        270
  • 5.228     Radical Plastics  271
  • 5.229     Radici Group      272
  • 5.230     Red Avenue New Materials Group Co., Ltd.           273
  • 5.231     RenCom AB        273
  • 5.232     Relement BV      274
  • 5.233     Ripro Corporation            275
  • 5.234     Rodenburg Biopolymers B.V.      275
  • 5.235     Roquette S.A.    276
  • 5.236     RWDC Industries              276
  • 5.237     Samyang Corporation     278
  • 5.238     Saphium Biotechnology GMBH   278
  • 5.239     Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC)         279
  • 5.240     Sebacic Oman SAOC        279
  • 5.241     Seevix Material Sciences Ltd.       280
  • 5.242     Sebiplast s.r.l.    281
  • 5.243     S-EnPol Co., Ltd.                281
  • 5.244     Seiko PMC Corporation  282
  • 5.245     Shandong Baisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.          283
  • 5.246     Shandong Fuwin New Material Co., Ltd. 284
  • 5.247     Shandong Landian Biological Technology Co., Ltd.              284
  • 5.248     Shandong Minji Chemical Co., Ltd.            285
  • 5.249     Shandong Siqiang Chemical Group Co., Ltd.          286
  • 5.250     Shanghai Tong-Jie-Liang Biomaterials Co., Ltd.     286
  • 5.251     Shanxi Leda Biochemical Co., Ltd.              287
  • 5.252     Shanxi Zhengang Chemical Co., Ltd.          287
  • 5.253     Shenghong Group           288
  • 5.254     Shenzhen Ecomann Biotechnology Co., Ltd.          288
  • 5.255     Shenzhen Esun Industrial Co., Ltd.             289
  • 5.256     SK Chemicals Co., Ltd.    290
  • 5.257     Smartfiber AG   290
  • 5.258     Solvay SA             292
  • 5.259     Soma Bioworks/White Lemur Co.              292
  • 5.260     Spectrus Sustainable Solutions Pvt Ltd    293
  • 5.261     Spiber, Inc.          294
  • 5.262     Spidey Tek          294
  • 5.263     Spolchemie        296
  • 5.264     Stora Enso Oyj   296
  • 5.265     Sulapac Oy          297
  • 5.266     Sulzer Chemtech AG       298
  • 5.267     Sunar Misir         299
  • 5.268     SUPLA Bioplastics             300
  • 5.269     TAIF-NK 301
  • 5.270     Tanin sevnica kemicna industrija               301
  • 5.271     TBM Co., Ltd.     302
  • 5.272     TECNARO GmbH               302
  • 5.273     TechnipFMC       304
  • 5.274     Teijin Ltd              304
  • 5.275     TerraVerdae BioWorks Inc            305
  • 5.276     Teysha Technologies Limited       306
  • 5.277     thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG      307
  • 5.278     Tianan Biologic Material Co., Ltd.              308
  • 5.279     Tianjin GreenBio Materials Co., Ltd           308
  • 5.280     Tianxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 309
  • 5.281     Tômtex 310
  • 5.282     Tongliao Xinghe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 310
  • 5.283     Toray Industries, Inc.      311
  • 5.284     Total Corbion PLA            311
  • 5.285     Toyobo Co., Ltd.                312
  • 5.286     Treemera GmbH              313
  • 5.287     TripleW 314
  • 5.288     UBQ Materials   314
  • 5.289     Uluu      315
  • 5.290     Unitika Ltd.         315
  • 5.291     UPM-Kymmene Oyj        316
  • 5.292     VEnvirotech Biotechnology SL     317
  • 5.293     Virent Inc.           317
  • 5.294     VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd       318
  • 5.295     Vynova 319
  • 5.296     WeylChem International GmbH 320
  • 5.297     Woodly Ltd.        320
  • 5.298     Wuhan Sanjiang Space Good Biotech Co., Ltd.     321
  • 5.299     Xampla 321
  • 5.300     Xinjiang Lanshan Tunhe 322
  • 5.301     Zhangjiagang Glory Chemical Industry Co., Ltd     322
  • 5.302     Zhejiang Hangzhou Xinfu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.             323
  • 5.303     Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd.       323
  • 5.304     Zhejiang Youcheng New Materials Co., Ltd            324

 

6             REFERENCES       327

 

Tables

  • Table 1. Market drivers and trends in biobased and sustainable plastics.  19
  • Table 2. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons.          20
  • Table 3. Global production capacities, by producers.        22
  • Table 4. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons.        23
  • Table 5. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2019-2025, by region, tons.      27
  • Table 6. Issues related to the use of plastics.        36
  • Table 7. Type of biodegradation.               40
  • Table 8. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics.   40
  • Table 9. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications. 41
  • Table 10. Market leader by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types.             43
  • Table 11. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis.    44
  • Table 12. Lactic acid producers and production capacities.             46
  • Table 13. PLA producers and production capacities.          46
  • Table 14. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis.            47
  • Table 15. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers.              48
  • Table 16. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis. 48
  • Table 17. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers.   49
  • Table 18. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis. 50
  • Table 19. PEF vs. PET.     51
  • Table 20. FDCA and PEF producers.          51
  • Table 21. Bio-based polyamides (Bio-PA) market analysis.              52
  • Table 22. Leading Bio-PA producers production capacities.            53
  • Table 23. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) market analysis.            54
  • Table 24. Leading PBAT producers, production capacities and brands.      54
  • Table 25. Bio-PBS market analysis.            56
  • Table 26. Leading PBS producers and production capacities.          56
  • Table 27. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis.           57
  • Table 28. Leading Bio-PE producers.        57
  • Table 29. Bio-PP market analysis.              58
  • Table 30. Leading Bio-PP producers and capacities.           58
  • Table 31.Types of PHAs and properties. 62
  • Table 32. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis. 63
  • Table 33. Commercially available PHAs.  64
  • Table 34. Markets and applications for PHAs.       66
  • Table 35. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) producers.           67
  • Table 36. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis.            68
  • Table 37. Leading MFC producers and capacities.               69
  • Table 38. Cellulose nanocrystals analysis.               69
  • Table 39: Cellulose nanocrystal production capacities and production process, by producer.          71
  • Table 40. Cellulose nanofibers market analysis.   71
  • Table 41. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tonnes.    73
  • Table 42. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.             74
  • Table 43. Types of algal and fungal based-bioplastics, applications and companies.             76
  • Table 44. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.          76
  • Table 45. Companies developing algal-based bioplastics. 78
  • Table 46. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.          78
  • Table 47. Companies developing mycelium-based bioplastics.      81
  • Table 48. Overview of chitosan-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.         81
  • Table 49. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2025, by region, tons.              82
  • Table 50. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in North America. 83
  • Table 51. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Europe.               84
  • Table 52. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Asia-Pacific.       85
  • Table 53. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Latin America.  86
  • Table 54. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.         190
  • Table 55. Lactips plastic pellets. 217
  • Table 56. Oji Holdings CNF products.       262
  •  

Figures

  • Figure 1. Total global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics, all types, 000 tons.        19
  • Figure 2. Global production capacities of bioplastics 2018-2030, in 1,000 tons by biodegradable/non-biodegradable types.   21
  • Figure 3. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics in 2019-2030, by type, in 1,000 tons.  25
  • Figure 4. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2019-2025, by type.           25
  • Figure 5. Global production capacities of bioplastics in 2030, by type.       26
  • Figure 6. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2020. 27
  • Figure 7. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2025. 28
  • Figure 8. Current and future applications of biobased and sustainable plastics.     29
  • Figure 9. Global demand for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market, 2020.                30
  • Figure 10. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019-2030, tons.                32
  • Figure 11. Challenges for the biobased and sustainable plastics market.   32
  • Figure 12. Global plastics production 1950-2018, millions of tons.              35
  • Figure 13.  Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.           38
  • Figure 14. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.              38
  • Figure 15. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to 2025.               52
  • Figure 16. PHA family.    62
  • Figure 17. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.           77
  • Figure 18. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.     80
  • Figure 19. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.          80
  • Figure 20. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2020.              82
  • Figure 21. Global production capacities of biobased and sustainable plastics 2025.              83
  • Figure 22. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2019, 1,000 tons.                87
  • Figure 23. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2020, 1,000 tons.                88
  • Figure 24. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics by end user market 2030      89
  • Figure 25. PHA bioplastics products.        89
  • Figure 26. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in packaging 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.                90
  • Figure 27. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in consumer products 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.         91
  • Figure 28. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in automotive 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.                92
  • Figure 29. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in building and construction 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.     93
  • Figure 30. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in textiles 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.                94
  • Figure 31. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in electronics 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.                95
  • Figure 32. Biodegradable mulch films.     96
  • Figure 33. Global production capacities for biobased and sustainable plastics in agriculture 2019-2030, in 1,000 tons.                96
  • Figure 34. Algiknit yarn. 101
  • Figure 35. Bio-PA rear bumper stay.         117
  • Figure 36. formicobio™ technology.         146
  • Figure 37. nanoforest-S. 148
  • Figure 38. nanoforest-PDP.         148
  • Figure 39. nanoforest-MB.           149
  • Figure 40. CuanSave film.             155
  • Figure 41. ELLEX products.           157
  • Figure 42. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.            158
  • Figure 43. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 158
  • Figure 44. Mushroom leather.    169
  • Figure 45. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).  183
  • Figure 46. PHA production process.         184
  • Figure 47. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.                192
  • Figure 48. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer). 195
  • Figure 49. CNF gel.           200
  • Figure 50. Block nanocellulose material. 201
  • Figure 51. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.              202
  • Figure 52. Made of Air's HexChar panels.               225
  • Figure 53. IPA synthesis method.              233
  • Figure 54. MOGU-Wave panels. 235
  • Figure 55. Reishi.              239
  • Figure 56. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers.             252
  • Figure 57. Compostable water pod.         254
  • Figure 58. CNF clear sheets.        262
  • Figure 59. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.          263
  • Figure 60. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.   284
  • Figure 61. Lyocell process.           293
  • Figure 62. Spider silk production.              297
  • Figure 63. Sulapac cosmetics containers.               300
  • Figure 64.  Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing. 301
  • Figure 65. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles.               307
  • Figure 66. Corbion FDCA production process.      314

 

 

   

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