Market for cellulose nanocrystals

Published November 2019, 73 pages, 23 tables, 34 figures

By treating cellulose with concentrated acids known as acid hydrolysis, the amorphous regions can be broken up, thereby producing nano-sized cellulose-based crystals called nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).

Cellulose nanocrystals are elongated, rigid and rod-like or whisker-shaped particles with a rectangular cross-section. These materials can be prepared from any cellulose source materials including wood pulp, recycled paper and paperboard, cotton fibres, hemp, flax, bamboo, sugarcane bagasse and other agro-biomass.

CNC that are derived from wood pulp and have dimensions of approximately 5 nanometers (nm) in diameter and 150-200 nanometers in length. Larger crystals can be produced using cotton (10 nm by 500 nm) or algae (20 nm by 1000nm). CNCs possess many desirable properties such as high surface area, hydroxyl groups for functionalization, colloidal stability, low toxicity, chirality and mechanical strength.

Applications for Cellulose nanocrystals include:

Biodegradable and renewable nanocomposites.
Packaging.
Flexible packaging.
Optical films.
Coatings for flexible packaging.
Nanocomposite films with good transparency and thermal stability.
Iridescent films in textile and security industries.
Biobased and biodegradable barrier coating on food packaging.
Conductive inks.
Biodegradable Flexible electronics-fully recyclable flexible paper electronic devices.
Piezoelectric sensors.
Flexible sensors.
Mesoporous films and membranes.
Water filters.
Biocomposites for bone replacement and tooth repair.
Drug delivery.
Protein immobilisation.
Wound dressings.
Flexible batteries.
Nanofluid in enhanced oil recovery.
Drilling fluids.
Food additives.
Adhesives.
Catalysts.
Cosmetics.
Hydrogels.
Viscosity modifiers and flow aids.

Report contents include:

In-depth analysis of the global market for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) products, applications, producers, product developers and products
Global cellulose nanocrystal production capacities.
In-depth market assessment of opportunities for cellulose nanocrystals.
Tonnage demand for end user markets for cellulose nanocrystals, 2018-2030.
In-depth company profiles, including products, capacities, production processes, target markets and commercial activities. Companies profiled include Cellulforce, Inc., Melodea, University of Maine and Valentis Nanotech.

Download table of contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................... 9

1.1 Market snapshot..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Markets and applications....................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2019........................................................................ 11
1.4 Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030.............................................................. 12

2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 14

2.1 Cellulose.............................................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Nanocellulose....................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Properties of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 15
2.4 Advantages of nanocellulose................................................................................................................. 16
2.5 Production methods.............................................................................................................................. 16

3 TYPES OF NANOCELLULOSE........................................................ 18

3.1.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 20
3.1.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF).......................................................................................................... 20
- 3.1.2.1 Applications............................................................................................................................ 20
- 3.1.2.2 Production methods of CNF producers..................................................................................... 22
3.1.3 Bacterial Cellulose (BC)............................................................................................................... 23
- 3.1.3.1 Applications............................................................................................................................ 23

4 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC)........................................... 25

4.1 Synthesis............................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2 Properties............................................................................................................................................. 27
4.3 Applications.......................................................................................................................................... 28

5 MARKETS FOR CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS........................... 30

5.1 Paints and coatings............................................................................................................................... 30
- 5.1.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 30
  - 5.1.1.1 Anti-fog coatings..................................................................................................................... 30
  - 5.1.1.2 Anti-counterfeiting films........................................................................................................... 31
- 5.1.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in paints and coatings...................................................... 31
5.2 Plastics and composites........................................................................................................................ 32
- 5.2.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 32
- 5.2.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in plastics and composites................................................ 33
5.3 Paper and board/packaging................................................................................................................... 34
- 5.3.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 34
- 5.3.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in paper & board/packaging.............................................. 35
5.4 Oil and Gas.......................................................................................................................................... 36
- 5.4.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 36
- 5.4.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in oil and gas................................................................... 37
5.5 Biomedical and healthcare..................................................................................................................... 38
- 5.5.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 38
  - 5.5.1.1 Drug delivery.......................................................................................................................... 39
  - 5.5.1.2 Tissue engineering.................................................................................................................. 39
- 5.5.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in medical & healthcare.................................................... 39
5.6 Rheology modifiers............................................................................................................................... 40
- 5.6.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 40
- 5.6.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in rheology modifiers........................................................ 42
5.7 Construction......................................................................................................................................... 43
- 5.7.1 Applications................................................................................................................................. 43
  - 5.7.1.1 Cement.................................................................................................................................. 43
- 5.7.2 Global market for cellulose nanocrystals in construction................................................................. 43

6 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL PRODUCER PROFILES................. 45 (11 PRODUCER PROFILES)

7 OTHER COMPANIES........................................................................ 67

8 REFERENCES.................................................................................. 72

Tables

Table 1. Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications......................................... 9
Table 2. Markets and applications for cellulose nanocrystals.................................................................................. 10
Table 3. Cellulose nanocrystal producer capacities 2019....................................................................................... 11
Table 4. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030............................................................... 12
Table 5. Properties and applications of nanocellulose............................................................................................ 15
Table 6: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications............................ 17
Table 7: Types of nanocellulose........................................................................................................................... 19
Table 8: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)............................................................................................... 21
Table 9: Production methods of main CNF producers............................................................................................ 22
Table 10: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC).................................................................................................. 23
Table 11. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).............................................................................. 26
Table 12: CNC sources, size and yield................................................................................................................. 27
Table 13: CNC properties.................................................................................................................................... 27
Table 14. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials............................................................ 28
Table 15: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)................................... 31
Table 16: Global market demand for cellulose nanocrystals in plastics and composites, 2018-2030 (tons)................ 33
Table 17: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)......................... 35
Table 18: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons).............................. 37
Table 19: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)............................ 39
Table 20: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)................... 42
Table 21: Market demand for cellulose nanocrystals in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................ 43
Table 22: CNC producers and production capacities............................................................................................. 45
Table 23.Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer.................................................................................... 46

Figures

Figure 1. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2030.............................................................. 13
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit............................................................................................................... 14
Figure 3. Scale of cellulose materials.................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 4: Types of nanocellulose.......................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 5: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses............................................................................ 19
Figure 6: CNF gel................................................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 7. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals...................................................................................................... 25
Figure 8. CNC preparation................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 9: Extracting CNC from trees..................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 10: CNC slurry.......................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 11. FogKicker products............................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 12: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons).................................. 32
Figure 13: An iridescent biomimetic cellulose multilayer film remains after water that contains cellulose nanocrystals evaporates................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 14: Global market demand for cellulose nanocrystals in plastics and composites, 2018-2030 (tons)............... 34
Figure 15: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)................... 36
Figure 16: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................. 38
Figure 17: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)........................... 40
Figure 18. Viscosity vs. shear rate of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) alone, HEC Viscosity of HEC with various concentrations of CNC.................................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 19: Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons).................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Figure 20: Demand for cellulose nanocrystals in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)..................................................... 44
Figure 21. American Process, Inc. production process........................................................................................... 49
Figure 22. R3TM process technology................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 23. Blue Goose CNC Production Process................................................................................................... 52
Figure 24. Cellulose nanocrystals......................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 25. NCCTM Process................................................................................................................................. 54
Figure 26. Celluforce production process.............................................................................................................. 55
Figure 27. CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder.................................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 28. Melodea production process................................................................................................................ 58
Figure 29. University of Maine CNF production process......................................................................................... 62
Figure 30. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process........................................................... 63
Figure 31: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF........................................................................................ 64
Figure 32. CNC solution...................................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 33: Block nanocellulose material................................................................................................................ 67
Figure 34: Plantrose process............................................................................................................................... 69

The Global Market for Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC)

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The Global Market for Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC)

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Published November 2019, 73 pages, 23 tables, 34 figures

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................... 9

2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 14

3 TYPES OF NANOCELLULOSE........................................................ 18

4 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC)........................................... 25

5 MARKETS FOR CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS........................... 30

6 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL PRODUCER PROFILES................. 45 (11 PRODUCER PROFILES)

7 OTHER COMPANIES........................................................................ 67

8 REFERENCES.................................................................................. 72

Tables

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