The Global Market for Flexible Displays - Nanotechnology Market Research

Electronics giants Samsung and LG Display have announced concrete plans to bring smartphones with flexible displays to the market. In June 2017, LG Display launched the world’s first 77-inch flexible and transparent OLED display.

Flexible displays are ultra thin display screens that can be printed onto flexible or stretchable materials, and then attached to other surfaces or produced in a variety of shapes. Main flexible display technologies are:

Flexible LCDs.
Flexible OLED
Flexible AMOLED
E-paper: Electrophoretic, Cholesteric LCDs, flexible OLCD
Electrowetting Displays (EWD), Electrochromic Displays.
Interferometric Modulator Technology.

The use of advanced materials and developments in processing techniques is enabling displays with unique form factors that the current rigid glass substrate-based displays cannot support.

Flexible displays can be very thin and lightweight, have unique form factors, exceptional mechanical stability and flexibility unlike rigid and flat glass substrate-based displays. This multi billion dollar market will grow greatly in the next decade at the materials AND components levels in consumer electronics applications.

As a raft of products will come onto the market over the next few years, their is a requirement to analysis the scale and scope of current and planned commercial activity in flexible displays. This 200 page plus report includes:

Market revenues at the materials and components levels.
Market growth to 2025.
Market breakdown by applications (smartphone, tablets, wearables etc.).
Market breakdown by technology (Flexible LCD, OLED, EPD etc.).
Market breakdown by region.
Challenges in flexible displays.
Market trends in flexible displays.
Current and upcoming flexible display products.

Published November 2017 | 226 pages

The Global Market for Flexible Displays

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The Global Market for Flexible Displays

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 20

1.1 The evolution of electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………. 21
- 1.1.1 The wearables revolution……………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
- 1.1.2 Flexible, thin, and large-area form factors………………………………………………………………. 23
1.2 What are flexible and stretchable electronics?……………………………………………………………….. 25
- 1.2.1 From rigid to flexible and stretchable……………………………………………………………………… 25
- 1.2.2 Organic and printed electronics……………………………………………………………………………… 27
- 1.2.3 New conductive materials………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
1.3 Growth in flexible and stetchable electronics market……………………………………………………… 31
- 1.3.1 Recent growth in printable, flexible and stretchable products………………………………… 31
- 1.3.2 Future growth…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32
- 1.3.3 Nanotechnology as a market driver……………………………………………………………………….. 33
- 1.3.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics……………………………………………… 34

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 36

3 FLEXIBLE ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES………. 37

3.1 CARBON NANOTUBES…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
- 3.1.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
- 3.1.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 38
  - 3.1.2.1 Single-walled carbon nanotubes……………………………………………………………………. 39
- 3.1.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 41
3.2 CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS (CP)…………………………………………………………………………………… 43
- 3.2.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
  - 3.2.1.1 PDMS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
  - 3.2.1.2 PEDOT: PSS…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44
- 3.2.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 44
- 3.2.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 45
3.3 GRAPHENE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
- 3.3.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
- 3.3.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 48
- 3.3.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 49
3.4 METAL MESH………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
- 3.4.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
- 3.4.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 53
- 3.4.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 54
3.5 METAL NANOWIRES…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
- 3.5.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
- 3.5.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 55
- 3.5.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 57
3.6 NANOCELLULOSE………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58
- 3.6.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
- 3.6.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 60
- 3.6.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 61
  - 3.6.3.1 Nanopaper…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
  - 3.6.3.2 Paper memory……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
3.7 NANOFIBERS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
- 3.7.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66
- 3.7.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 66
- 3.7.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 67
3.8 QUANTUM DOTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
- 3.8.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 67
- 3.8.2 Properties utilized in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 70
- 3.8.3 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 70
3.9 GRAPHENE AND CARBON QUANTUM DOTS…………………………………………………………….. 71
- 3.9.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
- 3.9.2 Applications in flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………….. 74
3.10 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS…………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
- 3.10.1 Black phosphorus/Phosphorene………………………………………………………………………… 74
  - 3.10.1.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75
  - 3.10.1.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 76
- 3.10.2 C₂N…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 77
  - 3.10.2.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 78
  - 3.10.2.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 78
- 3.10.3 Germanene………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
  - 3.10.3.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
  - 3.10.3.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 80
- 3.10.4 Graphdiyne………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
  - 3.10.4.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
  - 3.10.4.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 81
- 3.10.5 Graphane…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
  - 3.10.5.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 82
  - 3.10.5.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 82
- 3.10.6 Boron nitride………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 82
  - 3.10.6.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83
  - 3.10.6.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 84
- 3.10.7 Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)…………………………………………………………………………….. 84
  - 3.10.7.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 84
  - 3.10.7.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 85
- 3.10.8 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)……………………………………………. 87
  - 3.10.8.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 87
  - 3.10.8.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 87
- 3.10.9 Silicene………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 88
  - 3.10.9.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 88
  - 3.10.9.2 Applications in flexible electronics…………………………………………………………………. 89
- 3.10.10 Stanene/tinene…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 91
  - 3.10.10.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 91
  - 3.10.10.2 Applications in flexible electronics……………………………………………………………… 92
- 3.10.11 Tungsten diselenide…………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
  - 3.10.11.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 93
  - 3.10.11.2 Applications in flexible electronics……………………………………………………………… 93

4 FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS…………………………………………………………….. 94

4.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 94
4.2 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 94
- 4.2.1 Flexible circuit boards and interconnects……………………………………………………………….. 94
- 4.2.2 Flexible transistors…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 95
- 4.2.3 Flexible displays…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 96
  - 4.2.3.1 Flexible LCDs………………………………………………………………………………………………… 97
  - 4.2.3.2 Flexible OLEDs (FOLED)………………………………………………………………………………. 98
  - 4.2.3.3 Flexible AMOLED………………………………………………………………………………………… 100
  - 4.2.3.4 Flexible electrophoretic displays………………………………………………………………….. 102
4.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 102
4.4 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103-109 (17 company profiles)

5 FLEXIBLE CONDUCTIVE INKS…………………………………………….. 110

5.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 110
5.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 111
5.2.1 Current products…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 112
5.2.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 112
5.2.3 RFID…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 118
5.2.4 Smart labels…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 120
5.2.5 Smart clothing………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
5.2.6 Printable sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
5.2.7 Printed batteries…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 121
5.2.8 Printable antennas……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 123
5.2.9 In-mold electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
5.2.10 Printed transistors……………………………………………………………………………………………. 125
5.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 127
5.4 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 129-165 (86 company profiles)

6 WEARABLE ELECTRONICS AND IOT…………………………………… 166

6.1 MARKET DRIVERS……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 166
6.2 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 170
6.2.1 Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………. 171
6.2.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………………. 173
6.2.3 Transparent conductive films……………………………………………………………………………….. 174
6.2.3.1 Carbon nanotubes (SWNT)…………………………………………………………………………. 179
6.2.3.2 Double-walled carbon nanotubes………………………………………………………………… 180
6.2.3.3 Graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 180
6.2.3.4 Silver nanowires………………………………………………………………………………………….. 182
6.2.3.5 Nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………. 184
6.2.3.6 Copper nanowires……………………………………………………………………………………….. 188
6.2.3.7 Nanofibers…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 188
6.2.4 Wearable sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………… 188
6.2.4.1 Current stage of the art………………………………………………………………………………… 188
6.2.4.2 Advanced materials solutions………………………………………………………………………. 191
6.2.4.3 Wearable gas sensors…………………………………………………………………………………. 196
6.2.4.4 Wearable strain sensors………………………………………………………………………………. 197
6.2.4.5 Wearable tactile sensors……………………………………………………………………………… 197
6.2.4.6 Industrial monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………….. 198
6.2.4.7 Military…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 198
6.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE………………………………………………………………………………………………. 199
6.3.1 Transparent conductive electrodes………………………………………………………………………. 201
6.4 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 202-224 (54 company profiles)

TABLES

Table 1: Evolution of wearable devices, 2011-2017……………………………………………………………………. 22
Table 2: Advanced materials for printable, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages……………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
Table 3: Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)……………………………………….. 30
Table 4: Markets for wearable devices and applications…………………………………………………………….. 32
Table 5: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials……………………………………………………………… 37
Table 6: Companies developing carbon nanotubes for applications in flexible electronics…………. 42
Table 7: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications……………………………… 44
Table 8: Properties of graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
Table 9: Companies developing graphene for applications in flexible electronics………………………. 50
Table 10: Advantages and disadvantages of fabrication techniques to produce metal mesh structures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
Table 11: Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications……………………………. 53
Table 12: Companies developing metal mesh for applications in printable, flexible and stretchable electronics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
Table 13: Companies developing silver nanowires for applications in flexible electronics………….. 57
Table 14: Nanocellulose properties…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
Table 15: Properties and applications of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………. 59
Table 16: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)……………………….. 60
Table 17: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films………………………………………….. 63
Table 18: Companies developing nanocellulose for applications in flexible electronics……………… 66
Table 19: Companies developing quantum dots for applications in flexible electronics………………. 70
Table 20: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4……………………. 72
Table 21: Properties of graphene quantum dots…………………………………………………………………………. 72
Table 22: Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS₂. 76
Table 23: Market drivers for flexible displays and electronic components…………………………………… 94
Table 24: Applications in flexible circuit boards, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 94
Table 25: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology…………………………. 96
Table 26: Market drivers for flexible conductive inks………………………………………………………………… 110
Table 27: Printable electronics products…………………………………………………………………………………… 112
Table 28: Comparative properties of conductive inks……………………………………………………………….. 112
Table 29: Applications in conductive inks by type and benefits thereof…………………………………….. 113
Table 30: Opportunities for advanced materials in printed electronics……………………………………… 119
Table 31: Applications in flexible and stretchable batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 122
Table 32: Price comparison of thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics technology……………………….. 126
Table 33: Main markets for conductive inks, applications and revenues………………………………….. 127
Table 34: Conductive inks in the flexible electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129
Table 35: Market drivers for flexible sensors for wearables and IoT…………………………………………. 166
Table 36: Wearable electronics devices and stage of development…………………………………………. 171
Table 37: Comparison of ITO replacements……………………………………………………………………………… 175
Table 38: Applications in flexible sensors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof…… 176
Table 39: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors……………………………………………. 194
Table 40: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2020, by application, billions $………….. 200

FIGURES

Figure 1: LG Display LG Display 77-inch flexible transparent OLED display………………………………. 20
Figure 2: Evolution of electronics………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
Figure 3: Wove Band………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
Figure 4: Wearable graphene medical sensor……………………………………………………………………………. 27
Figure 5: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics……………………………………………… 28
Figure 6: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors……………………………….. 35
Figure 7: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube………………………………………………………………. 40
Figure 8: Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics………………………. 40
Figure 9: Graphene layer structure schematic……………………………………………………………………………. 48
Figure 10: Flexible graphene touch screen…………………………………………………………………………………. 49
Figure 11: Foldable graphene E-paper……………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
Figure 12: Large-area metal mesh touch panel………………………………………………………………………….. 52
Figure 13: Flexible silver nanowire wearable mesh…………………………………………………………………….. 56
Figure 14: Cellulose nanofiber films…………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
Figure 15: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper…………………………………………………………………….. 61
Figure 16: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF………………………………….. 62
Figure 17: Foldable nanopaper…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
Figure 18: Foldable nanopaper antenna…………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
Figure 19: Paper memory (ReRAM)……………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
Figure 20: Quantum dot……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 68
Figure 21: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
Figure 22: Black phosphorus structure……………………………………………………………………………………….. 75
Figure 23: Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 77
Figure 24: Schematic of germanene…………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
Figure 25: Graphdiyne structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
Figure 26: Schematic of Graphane crystal………………………………………………………………………………….. 82
Figure 27: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride………………………………………………………………………….. 83
Figure 28: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide……………………………………………………………………….. 84
Figure 29: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor…………… 85
Figure 30: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge……………………………………………………………………………….. 86
Figure 31: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide………………………………………………………. 87
Figure 32: Silicene structure……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88
Figure 33: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate…………………………………………………………… 89
Figure 34: Silicene transistor………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 90
Figure 35: Crystal structure for stanene……………………………………………………………………………………… 91
Figure 36: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)………………………………………. 92
Figure 37: Schematic of tungsten diselenide………………………………………………………………………………. 93
Figure 38: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs……………………………………………………………………… 96
Figure 39: Flexible LCD………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 97
Figure 40: “Full ActiveTM Flex”…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98
Figure 41: FOLED schematic……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 99
Figure 42: Foldable display………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
Figure 43: Stretchable AMOLED………………………………………………………………………………………………. 101
Figure 44: LGD 12.3” FHD Automotive OLED………………………………………………………………………….. 101
Figure 45: LECTUM® display…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 102
Figure 46: Global market for flexible OLED displays, 2015-2027 (billion $)………………………………. 103
Figure 47: BGT Materials graphene ink product……………………………………………………………………….. 118
Figure 48: Flexible RFID tag…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 119
Figure 49: Enfucell Printed Battery…………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
Figure 50: Graphene printed antenna………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
Figure 51: Printed antennas for aircraft…………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
Figure 52: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics………………………………………… 125
Figure 53: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive……………………… 125
Figure 54: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs……………………………………………………………………. 126
Figure 55: Conductive inks in the flexible electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 128
Figure 56: Covestro wearables…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 173
Figure 57: Royole flexible display……………………………………………………………………………………………… 174
Figure 58: Panasonic CNT stretchable Resin Film……………………………………………………………………. 176
Figure 59: Bending durability of Ag nanowires………………………………………………………………………….. 184
Figure 60: NFC computer chip………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 186
Figure 61: NFC translucent diffuser schematic…………………………………………………………………………. 186
Figure 62: Softceptor sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 189
Figure 63: BeBop Media Arm Controller…………………………………………………………………………………… 190
Figure 64: LG Innotek flexible textile pressure sensor………………………………………………………………. 190
Figure 65: <hitoe> nanofiber conductive shirt original design(top) and current design (bottom).. 192
Figure 66: Garment-based printable electrodes……………………………………………………………………….. 193
Figure 67: Wearable gas sensor………………………………………………………………………………………………. 197
Figure 68: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves………………………………………………………….. 198
Figure 69: Torso and Extremities Protection (TEP) system………………………………………………………. 199
Figure 70: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2020, by application, billions $…………. 200
Figure 71: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2025, millions $…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 201
Figure 72: BITalino systems……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 208

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