The Global Market for Industrial Biomanufacturing 2025-2035

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            52

• 1.1        Definition and Scope of Industrial Biomanufacturing        52
• 1.2        Overview of Industrial Biomanufacturing Processes           52
• 1.3        Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing 55
• 1.4        Importance of Industrial  Biomanufacturing in the Global Economy        55
  • 1.4.1    Role in Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Industries              56
  • 1.4.2    Impact on Industrial Biotechnology and Sustainability     57
  • 1.4.3    Food Security 58
  • 1.4.4    Circular Economy       59
• 1.5        Markets              60
  • 1.5.1    Biopharmaceuticals 60
  • 1.5.2    Industrial Enzymes    60
  • 1.5.3    Biofuels             61
  • 1.5.4    Biomaterials   62
  • 1.5.5    Specialty Chemicals 62
  • 1.5.6    Food and Beverage    63
  • 1.5.7    Agriculture and Animal Health           64
  • 1.5.8    Environmental Biotechnology             65

2             PRODUCTION               67

• 2.1        Microbial Fermentation           67
• 2.2        Mammalian Cell Culture        67
• 2.3        Plant Cell Culture        68
• 2.4        Insect Cell Culture     69
• 2.5        Transgenic Animals   69
• 2.6        Transgenic Plants        70
• 2.7        Technologies  70
  • 2.7.1    Upstream Processing               70
    • 2.7.1.1 Cell Culture     70
      • 2.7.1.1.1           Overview           70
      • 2.7.1.1.2           Types of Cell Culture Systems            71
      • 2.7.1.1.3           Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance              71
      • 2.7.1.1.4           Advances in Cell Culture Technology             72
        • 2.7.1.1.4.1      Single-use systems   72
        • 2.7.1.1.4.2      Process analytical technology (PAT)               72
        • 2.7.1.1.4.3      Cell line development              72
  • 2.7.2    Fermentation 73
    • 2.7.2.1 Overview           73
      • 2.7.2.1.1           Types of Fermentation Processes    73
      • 2.7.2.1.2           Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance          73
      • 2.7.2.1.3           Advances in Fermentation Technology         74
        • 2.7.2.1.3.1      High-cell-density fermentation          74
        • 2.7.2.1.3.2      Continuous processing           75
        • 2.7.2.1.3.3      Metabolic engineering             75
  • 2.7.3    Downstream Processing        75
    • 2.7.3.1 Purification      75
      • 2.7.3.1.1           Overview           75
      • 2.7.3.1.2           Types of Purification Methods            75
      • 2.7.3.1.3           Factors Affecting Purification Performance               76
      • 2.7.3.1.4           Advances in Purification Technology              76
        • 2.7.3.1.4.1      Affinity chromatography         77
        • 2.7.3.1.4.2      Membrane chromatography 77
        • 2.7.3.1.4.3      Continuous chromatography              77
  • 2.7.4    Formulation    78
    • 2.7.4.1 Overview           78
      • 2.7.4.1.1           Types of Formulation Methods           78
      • 2.7.4.1.2           Factors Affecting Formulation Performance             79
      • 2.7.4.1.3           Advances in Formulation Technology            79
        • 2.7.4.1.3.1      Controlled release      79
        • 2.7.4.1.3.2      Nanoparticle formulation      80
        • 2.7.4.1.3.3      3D printing       80
  • 2.7.5    Bioprocess Development      80
    • 2.7.5.1 Scale-up            80
      • 2.7.5.1.1           Overview           80
      • 2.7.5.1.2           Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance     80
      • 2.7.5.1.3           Scale-up Strategies    81
    • 2.7.5.2 Optimization  82
      • 2.7.5.2.1           Overview           82
      • 2.7.5.2.2           Factors Affecting Optimization Performance            82
      • 2.7.5.2.3           Optimization Strategies           83
  • 2.7.6    Analytical Methods    84
    • 2.7.6.1 Quality Control             84
      • 2.7.6.1.1           Overview           84
      • 2.7.6.1.2           Types of Quality Control Tests            84
      • 2.7.6.1.3           Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance      85
    • 2.7.6.2 Characterization          85
      • 2.7.6.2.1           Overview           86
      • 2.7.6.2.2           Types of Characterization Methods 86
      • 2.7.6.2.3           Factors Affecting Characterization Performance   87
• 2.8        Scale of Production   88
  • 2.8.1    Laboratory Scale         89
    • 2.8.1.1 Overview           89
    • 2.8.1.2 Scale and Equipment               89
    • 2.8.1.3 Advantages     89
    • 2.8.1.4 Disadvantages             90
  • 2.8.2    Pilot Scale        90
    • 2.8.2.1 Overview           90
    • 2.8.2.2 Scale and Equipment               90
    • 2.8.2.3 Advantages     91
    • 2.8.2.4 Disadvantages             91
  • 2.8.3    Commercial Scale      92
    • 2.8.3.1 Overview           92
    • 2.8.3.2 Scale and Equipment               92
    • 2.8.3.3 Advantages     93
    • 2.8.3.4 Disadvantages             93
• 2.9        Mode of Operation     94
  • 2.9.1    Batch Production        94
    • 2.9.1.1 Overview           94
    • 2.9.1.2 Advantages     95
    • 2.9.1.3 Disadvantages             95
    • 2.9.1.4 Applications   95
  • 2.9.2    Fed-batch Production              96
    • 2.9.2.1 Overview           96
    • 2.9.2.2 Advantages     96
    • 2.9.2.3 Disadvantages             96
    • 2.9.2.4 Applications   97
  • 2.9.3    Continuous Production           97
    • 2.9.3.1 Overview           97
    • 2.9.3.2 Advantages     97
    • 2.9.3.3 Disadvantages             97
    • 2.9.3.4 Applications   98
  • 2.9.4    Cell factories for biomanufacturing 98
  • 2.9.5    Perfusion Culture        100
    • 2.9.5.1 Overview           100
    • 2.9.5.2 Advantages     100
    • 2.9.5.3 Disadvantages             100
    • 2.9.5.4 Applications   101
  • 2.9.6    Other Modes of Operation     101
    • 2.9.6.1 Immobilized Cell Culture       101
    • 2.9.6.2 Two-Stage Production              101
    • 2.9.6.3 Hybrid Systems            101
• 2.10     Host Organisms          102

3             BIOPHARMACEUTICALS        105

• 3.1        Technology/materials analysis          105
  • 3.1.1    Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)         105
  • 3.1.2    Recombinant Proteins             105
  • 3.1.3    Vaccines           106
  • 3.1.4    Cell and Gene Therapies        106
  • 3.1.5    Blood Factors 107
  • 3.1.6    Tissue Engineering Products                108
  • 3.1.7    Nucleic Acid Therapeutics    108
  • 3.1.8    Peptide Therapeutics               109
  • 3.1.9    Biosimilars and Biobetters    110
  • 3.1.10 Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments           110
  • 3.1.11 Synthetic biology         111
    • 3.1.11.1            Metabolic engineering             111
      • 3.1.11.1.1        DNA synthesis              112
      • 3.1.11.1.2        CRISPR              113
        • 3.1.11.1.2.1   CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways      113
      • 3.1.11.2            Protein/Enzyme Engineering                114
      • 3.1.11.3            Strain construction and optimization            115
      • 3.1.11.4            Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering           116
      • 3.1.11.5            Smart bioprocessing 116
      • 3.1.11.6            Cell-free systems        118
      • 3.1.11.7            Chassis organisms    120
      • 3.1.11.8            Biomimetics   121
      • 3.1.11.9            Sustainable materials              122
      • 3.1.11.10         Robotics and automation      122
        • 3.1.11.10.1     Robotic cloud laboratories   123
        • 3.1.11.10.2     Automating organism design              123
        • 3.1.11.10.3     Artificial intelligence and machine learning              124
      • 3.1.11.11         Fermentation Processes        124
  • 3.1.12 Generative Biology     125
    • 3.1.12.1            Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)    126
      • 3.1.12.1.1        Variational Autoencoders (VAEs)      127
      • 3.1.12.1.2        Normalizing Flows      127
      • 3.1.12.1.3        Autoregressive Models            127
      • 3.1.12.1.4        Evolutionary Generative Models       127
    • 3.1.12.2            Design Optimization 128
      • 3.1.12.2.1        Evolutionary Algorithms (e.g., Genetic Algorithms, Evolutionary Strategies)       128
        • 3.1.12.2.1.1   Genetic Algorithms (GAs)      128
        • 3.1.12.2.1.2   Evolutionary Strategies (ES) 128
      • 3.1.12.2.2        Reinforcement Learning         128
      • 3.1.12.2.3        Multi-Objective Optimization              129
      • 3.1.12.2.4        Bayesian Optimization            129
    • 3.1.12.3            Computational Biology           130
      • 3.1.12.3.1        Molecular Dynamics Simulations    130
      • 3.1.12.3.2        Quantum Mechanical Calculations                131
      • 3.1.12.3.3        Systems Biology Modeling    131
      • 3.1.12.3.4        Metabolic Engineering Modeling       132
    • 3.1.12.4            Data-Driven Approaches       133
      • 3.1.12.4.1        Machine Learning       133
      • 3.1.12.4.2        Graph Neural Networks           133
      • 3.1.12.4.3        Unsupervised Learning           134
      • 3.1.12.4.4        Active Learning and Bayesian Optimization              134
    • 3.1.12.5            Agent-Based Modeling            134
    • 3.1.12.6            Hybrid Approaches    135
• 3.2        Market analysis            137
  • 3.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      137
  • 3.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   137
  • 3.2.3    Regulations     139
  • 3.2.4    Value chain     140
  • 3.2.5    Future outlook              140
  • 3.2.6    Addressable Market Size        141
  • 3.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         141
  • 3.2.8    Global revenues           143
    • 3.2.8.1 By application market              143
    • 3.2.8.2 By regional market      144
• 3.3        Company profiles       145 (112 company profiles)

4             INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES            223

• 4.1        Technology/materials analysis          223
  • 4.1.1    Detergent Enzymes    223
  • 4.1.2    Food Processing Enzymes    223
  • 4.1.3    Textile Processing Enzymes  224
  • 4.1.4    Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes             224
  • 4.1.5    Leather Processing Enzymes               225
  • 4.1.6    Biofuel Production Enzymes                225
  • 4.1.7    Animal Feed Enzymes              226
  • 4.1.8    Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes  227
  • 4.1.9    Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes              227
  • 4.1.10 Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes           228
• 4.2        Market analysis            230
  • 4.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      230
  • 4.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   231
  • 4.2.3    Regulations     232
  • 4.2.4    Value chain     233
  • 4.2.5    Future outlook              234
  • 4.2.6    Addressable Market Size        235
  • 4.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         235
  • 4.2.8    Global revenues           236
  • 4.2.8.1 By application market              236
  • 4.2.8.2 By regional market      236
• 4.3        Companies profiles   238 (56 company profiles)

5             BIOFUELS        274

• 5.1        Technology/materials analysis          274
  • 5.1.1    Role in the circular economy               274
  • 5.1.2    The global biofuels market    276
  • 5.1.3    Feedstocks      276
    • 5.1.3.1 First-generation (1-G)               278
    • 5.1.3.2 Second-generation (2-G)       279
      • 5.1.3.2.1           Lignocellulosic wastes and residues             280
      • 5.1.3.2.2           Biorefinery lignin         281
    • 5.1.3.3 Third-generation (3-G)             285
      • 5.1.3.3.1           Algal biofuels 285
        • 5.1.3.3.1.1      Properties         286
        • 5.1.3.3.1.2      Advantages     286
    • 5.1.3.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)          287
    • 5.1.3.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation        287
  • 5.1.4    Bioethanol       289
    • 5.1.4.1 First-generation bioethanol (from sugars and starches)    289
    • 5.1.4.2 Second-generation bioethanol (from lignocellulosic biomass)   289
    • 5.1.4.3 Third-generation bioethanol (from algae)    290
  • 5.1.5    Biodiesel           290
    • 5.1.5.1 Biodiesel by generation           290
    • 5.1.5.2 SWOT analysis              291
    • 5.1.5.3 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels 293
      • 5.1.5.3.1           Pyrolysis of biomass 293
      • 5.1.5.3.2           Vegetable oil transesterification       296
      • 5.1.5.3.3           Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)  297
        • 5.1.5.3.3.1      Production process   297
      • 5.1.5.3.4           Biodiesel from tall oil                298
      • 5.1.5.3.5           Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel     298
      • 5.1.5.3.6           Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass         300
      • 5.1.5.3.7           CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)          301
      • 5.1.5.3.8           Dymethyl ether (DME)              301
    • 5.1.5.4 Prices  301
    • 5.1.5.5 Global production and consumption            302
  • 5.1.6    Biogas 304
    • 5.1.6.1 Feedstocks      305
    • 5.1.6.2 Biomethane    306
      • 5.1.6.2.1           Production pathways                308
        • 5.1.6.2.1.1      Landfill gas recovery 308
        • 5.1.6.2.1.2      Anaerobic digestion  308
        • 5.1.6.2.1.3      Thermal gasification 309
    • 5.1.6.3 SWOT analysis              310
    • 5.1.6.4 Global production      311
    • 5.1.6.5 Prices  311
      • 5.1.6.5.1           Raw Biogas     311
      • 5.1.6.5.2           Upgraded Biomethane            311
    • 5.1.6.6 Bio-LNG             311
      • 5.1.6.6.1           Markets              311
        • 5.1.6.6.1.1      Trucks 311
        • 5.1.6.6.1.2      Marine 312
      • 5.1.6.6.2           Production       312
      • 5.1.6.6.3           Plants 312
    • 5.1.6.7 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)  313
    • 5.1.6.8 Carbon capture from biogas               313
    • 5.1.6.9 Biosyngas        314
      • 5.1.6.9.1           Production       314
      • 5.1.6.9.2           Prices  315
  • 5.1.7    Biobutanol      315
    • 5.1.7.1 Production       317
    • 5.1.7.2 Prices  317
  • 5.1.8    Biohydrogen   317
    • 5.1.8.1 Description     317
      • 5.1.8.1.1           Dark fermentation      318
      • 5.1.8.1.2           Photofermentation     318
      • 5.1.8.1.3           Biophotolysis (direct and indirect)   319
        • 5.1.8.1.3.1      Direct Biophotolysis 319
        • 5.1.8.1.3.2      Indirect Biophotolysis:            320
    • 5.1.8.2 SWOT analysis              321
    • 5.1.8.3 Production of biohydrogen from biomass  321
      • 5.1.8.3.1           Biological Conversion Routes             322
        • 5.1.8.3.1.1      Bio-photochemical Reaction              322
        • 5.1.8.3.1.2      Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion        322
      • 5.1.8.3.2           Thermochemical conversion routes               323
        • 5.1.8.3.2.1      Biomass Gasification               323
        • 5.1.8.3.2.2      Biomass Pyrolysis      323
        • 5.1.8.3.2.3      Biomethane Reforming           323
    • 5.1.8.4 Applications   324
    • 5.1.8.5 Prices  325
  • 5.1.9    Biomethanol  325
    • 5.1.9.1 Gasification-based biomethanol     325
    • 5.1.9.2 Biosynthesis-based biomethanol    326
    • 5.1.9.3 SWOT analysis              326
    • 5.1.9.4 Methanol-to gasoline technology     327
      • 5.1.9.4.1           Production processes              328
        • 5.1.9.4.1.1      Anaerobic digestion  329
        • 5.1.9.4.1.2      Biomass gasification 329
        • 5.1.9.4.1.3      Power to Methane       330
  • 5.1.10 Bio-oil and Biochar    330
    • 5.1.10.1            Pyrolysis-based bio-oil            331
    • 5.1.10.2            Hydrothermal liquefaction-based bio-oil    332
    • 5.1.10.3            Biochar from pyrolysis and gasification processes               332
    • 5.1.10.4            Advantages of bio-oils             334
    • 5.1.10.5            Production       336
      • 5.1.10.5.1        Fast Pyrolysis 336
      • 5.1.10.5.2        Costs of production  336
      • 5.1.10.5.3        Upgrading        336
    • 5.1.10.6            SWOT analysis              337
    • 5.1.10.7            Applications   338
    • 5.1.10.8            Bio-oil producers         338
    • 5.1.10.9            Prices  339
  • 5.1.11 Renewable Diesel and Jet Fuel           340
    • 5.1.11.1            Renewable diesel        340
      • 5.1.11.1.1        Production       340
      • 5.1.11.1.2        SWOT analysis              341
      • 5.1.11.1.3        Global consumption 342
    • 5.1.11.2            Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)              343
      • 5.1.11.2.1        Description     343
      • 5.1.11.2.2        SWOT analysis              344
      • 5.1.11.2.3        Global production and consumption            345
      • 5.1.11.2.4        Production pathways                345
      • 5.1.11.2.5        Prices  347
      • 5.1.11.2.6        Bio-aviation fuel production capacities       347
      • 5.1.11.2.7        Challenges      348
      • 5.1.11.2.8        Global consumption 348
  • 5.1.12 Algal biofuels 349
    • 5.1.12.1            Conversion pathways               349
    • 5.1.12.2            SWOT analysis              350
    • 5.1.12.3            Production       351
    • 5.1.12.4            Market challenges      352
    • 5.1.12.5            Prices  353
    • 5.1.12.6            Producers         354
• 5.2        Market analysis            355
  • 5.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      355
  • 5.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   356
  • 5.2.3    Regulations     356
  • 5.2.4    Value chain     357
  • 5.2.5    Future outlook              358
  • 5.2.6    Addressable Market Size        359
  • 5.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         359
  • 5.2.8    Global revenues           360
    • 5.2.8.1 By biofuel type               360
    • 5.2.8.2 Applications Market  360
    • 5.2.8.3 By regional market      361
• 5.3        Company profiles       362 (211 company profiles)

6             BIOPLASTICS 510

• 6.1        Technology/materials analysis          510
  • 6.1.1    Polylactic acid (PLA) 510
  • 6.1.2    Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)          511
    • 6.1.2.1 Types   513
    • 6.1.2.2 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)   516
    • 6.1.2.3 Polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV)    517
  • 6.1.3    Bio-based polyethylene (PE)                517
  • 6.1.4    Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET)             518
  • 6.1.5    Bio-based polyurethanes (PUs)         519
  • 6.1.6    Starch-based plastics              520
  • 6.1.7    Cellulose-based plastics       521
• 6.2        Market analysis            522
  • 6.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      522
  • 6.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   523
  • 6.2.3    Regulations     524
  • 6.2.4    Value chain     525
  • 6.2.5    Future outlook              525
  • 6.2.6    Addressable Market Size        527
  • 6.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         527
  • 6.2.8    Global revenues           528
    • 6.2.8.1 By type                528
    • 6.2.8.2 By application market              528
    • 6.2.8.3 By regional market      528
• 6.3        Company profiles       530 (520 company profiles)

7             BIOCHEMICALS           902

• 7.1        Technology/materials analysis          902
  • 7.1.1    Organic acids 905
    • 7.1.1.1 Lactic acid       905
      • 7.1.1.1.1           D-lactic acid   906
      • 7.1.1.1.2           L-lactic acid    906
    • 7.1.1.2 Succinic acid 906
    • 7.1.1.3 Itaconic acid  907
    • 7.1.1.4 Citric acid        908
    • 7.1.1.5 Acetic acid      909
  • 7.1.2    Amino acids   910
    • 7.1.2.1 Glutamic acid                910
    • 7.1.2.2 Lysine 910
    • 7.1.2.3 Threonine         912
    • 7.1.2.4 Methionine      912
  • 7.1.3    Alcohols            913
    • 7.1.3.1 Ethanol              913
    • 7.1.3.2 Butanol              914
    • 7.1.3.3 Isobutanol       915
    • 7.1.3.4 Propanediol    916
  • 7.1.4    Surfactants     916
    • 7.1.4.1 Biosurfactants (e.g., rhamnolipids, sophorolipids)              916
    • 7.1.4.2 Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) 917
  • 7.1.5    Solvents            918
    • 7.1.5.1 Ethyl lactate    918
    • 7.1.5.2 Dimethyl carbonate   919
    • 7.1.5.3 Glycerol             919
  • 7.1.6    Flavours and fragrances         920
    • 7.1.6.1 Vanillin               920
    • 7.1.6.2 Nootkatone     921
    • 7.1.6.3 Limonene         922
  • 7.1.7    Bio-based monomers and intermediates    923
    • 7.1.7.1 Succinic acid 923
    • 7.1.7.2 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)              924
    • 7.1.7.3 Isoprene            925
    • 7.1.7.4 Ethylene            926
    • 7.1.7.5 Propylene         926
    • 7.1.7.6 Adipic acid      927
    • 7.1.7.7 Acrylic acid     928
    • 7.1.7.8 Sebacic acid  929
  • 7.1.8    Bio-based polymers  929
    • 7.1.8.1 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)             929
    • 7.1.8.2 Polyamides (nylons)  930
    • 7.1.8.3 Polyethylene furanoate (PEF)              930
    • 7.1.8.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)            932
    • 7.1.8.5 Polyethylene isosorbide terephthalate (PEIT)           934
  • 7.1.9    Bio-based composites and blends  935
    • 7.1.9.1 Wood-plastic composites (WPCs)  935
    • 7.1.9.2 Biofiller-reinforced plastics  936
    • 7.1.9.3 Biofiber-reinforced plastics  937
    • 7.1.9.4 Polymer blends with bio-based components           938
  • 7.1.10 Waste 939
    • 7.1.10.1            Food waste      939
    • 7.1.10.2            Agricultural waste       940
    • 7.1.10.3            Forestry waste               941
    • 7.1.10.4            Aquaculture/fishing waste    941
    • 7.1.10.5            Municipal solid waste              942
    • 7.1.10.6            Industrial waste           942
    • 7.1.10.7            Waste oils        942
  • 7.1.11 Microbial and mineral sources           943
    • 7.1.11.1            Microalgae      943
    • 7.1.11.2            Macroalgae     943
    • 7.1.11.3            Mineral sources            944
• 7.2        Market analysis            945
  • 7.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      945
  • 7.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   946
  • 7.2.3    Regulations     947
  • 7.2.4    Value chain     948
  • 7.2.5    Future outlook              948
  • 7.2.6    Addressable Market Size        949
  • 7.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         950
  • 7.2.8    Global revenues           950
    • 7.2.8.1 By type                950
    • 7.2.8.2 By application market              951
    • 7.2.8.3 By regional market      951
• 7.3        Company profiles       952 (123 company profiles)

8             BIO-AGRITECH             1030

• 8.1        Technology/materials analysis          1030
  • 8.1.1    Biopesticides 1030
    • 8.1.1.1 Semiochemical            1031
    • 8.1.1.2 Macrobial Biological Control Agents              1031
    • 8.1.1.3 Microbial pesticides  1034
    • 8.1.1.4 Biochemical pesticides          1035
    • 8.1.1.5 Plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs)           1035
  • 8.1.2    Biofertilizers   1036
  • 8.1.3    Biostimulants 1037
    • 8.1.3.1 Microbial biostimulants         1037
      • 8.1.3.1.1           Nitrogen Fixation         1040
      • 8.1.3.1.2           Formulation Challenges         1041
    • 8.1.3.2 Natural Product Biostimulants          1042
    • 8.1.3.3 Manipulating the Microbiome             1045
    • 8.1.3.4 Synthetic Biology        1046
    • 8.1.3.5 Non-microbial biostimulants             1047
  • 8.1.4    Agricultural Enzymes                1048
    • 8.1.4.1 Types of Agricultural Enzymes            1048
• 8.2        Market analysis            1050
  • 8.2.1    Key players and competitive landscape      1050
  • 8.2.2    Market Growth Drivers and Trends   1051
  • 8.2.3    Regulations     1051
  • 8.2.4    Value chain     1052
  • 8.2.5    Future outlook              1053
  • 8.2.6    Addressable Market Size        1054
  • 8.2.7    Risks and Opportunities         1054
  • 8.2.8    Global revenues           1055
    • 8.2.8.1 By application market              1055
    • 8.2.8.2 By regional market      1055
• 8.3        Company profiles       1056 (105 company profiles)

9             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              1131

10          REFERENCES 1132

List of Tables

• Table 1. Biomanufacturing revolutions and representative products. 52
• Table 2. Industrial Biomanufacturing categories. 53
• Table 3. Overview of Biomanufacturing Processes. 54
• Table 4. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing 55
• Table 5. Key Components of Industrial Biomanufacturing. 56
• Table 6. Types of Cell Culture Systems. 72
• Table 7. Factors Affecting Cell Culture Performance. 73
• Table 8. Types of Fermentation Processes. 74
• Table 9. Factors Affecting Fermentation Performance. 75
• Table 10. Advances in Fermentation Technology. 75
• Table 11. Types of Purification Methods in Downstream Processing. 76
• Table 12. Factors Affecting Purification Performance. 77
• Table 13. Advances in Purification Technology. 77
• Table 14. Common formulation methods used in biomanufacturing. 79
• Table 15. Factors Affecting Formulation Performance. 80
• Table 16. Advances in Formulation Technology. 80
• Table 17. Factors Affecting Scale-up Performance in Biomanufacturing. 82
• Table 18. Scale-up Strategies in Biomanufacturing. 82
• Table 19. Factors Affecting Optimization Performance in Biomanufacturing. 84
• Table 20. Optimization Strategies in Biomanufacturing. 84
• Table 21. Types of Quality Control Tests in Biomanufacturing. 85
• Table 22.Factors Affecting Quality Control Performance in Biomanufacturing 86
• Table 23. Factors Affecting Characterization Performance in Biomanufacturing 88
• Table 24. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes. 95
• Table 25. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing. 100
• Table 26. Comparison of Modes of Operation. 103
• Table 27. Host organisms commonly used in biomanufacturing. 104
• Table 28. Types of Monoclonal Antibodies. 106
• Table 29. Types of Recombinant Proteins. 106
• Table 30. Types of biopharma vaccines. 107
• Table 31. Types of Cell and Gene Therapies 107
• Table 32. Types of Blood Factors. 108
• Table 33. Types of Tissue Engineering Products. 109
• Table 34. Types of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. 109
• Table 35. Types of Peptide Therapeutics. 110
• Table 36. Types of Biosimilars and Biobetters. 111
• Table 37. Types of Nanobodies and Antibody Fragments. 111
• Table 38. Types of Synthetic Biology Applications in Biopharmaceuticals. 112
• Table 39. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 116
• Table 40. Cell-free versus cell-based systems 120
• Table 41. White biotechnology fermentation processes. 125
• Table 42. Key players in biopharmaceuticals. 138
• Table 43. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biopharmaceuticals. 138
• Table 44. Biopharmaceuticals Regulations. 140
• Table 45. Value chain: Biopharmaceuticals. 141
• Table 46. Addressable market size for biopharmaceuticals. 142
• Table 47. Risks and Opportunities in biopharmaceuticals. 143
• Table 48. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by applications market (2020-2035), billions USD. 145
• Table 49. Global revenues for biopharmaceuticals, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 145
• Table 50. Types of Detergent Enzymes. 224
• Table 51.Types of Food Processing Enzymes 224
• Table 52. Types of Textile Processing Enzymes. 225
• Table 53. Types of Paper and Pulp Processing Enzymes. 225
• Table 54. Types of Leather Processing Enzymes. 226
• Table 55. Types of Biofuel Production Enzymes. 226
• Table 56. Types of Animal Feed Enzymes. 227
• Table 57. Types of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Enzymes. 228
• Table 58. Types of Waste Management and Bioremediation Enzymes. 228
• Table 59. Types of Agriculture and Crop Improvement Enzymes. 229
• Table 60. Comparison of enzyme types. 230
• Table 61. Key players in industrial enzymes. 232
• Table 62. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in industrial enzymes. 232
• Table 63. Industrial enzymes Regulations. 233
• Table 64. Value chain: Industrial enzymes. 234
• Table 65. Addressable market size for industrial enzymes. 236
• Table 66. Risks and Opportunities in industrial enzymes. 236
• Table 67. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by applications market (2020-2035), billions USD. 237
• Table 68. Global revenues for industrial enzymes, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 238
• Table 69. Comparison of biofuels. 276
• Table 70. Classification of biomass feedstock. 277
• Table 71. Biorefinery feedstocks. 278
• Table 72. Feedstock conversion pathways. 279
• Table 73. First-Generation Feedstocks. 279
• Table 74. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities. 281
• Table 75. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins. 282
• Table 76. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes 283
• Table 77. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol. 284
• Table 78. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae. 287
• Table 79. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops. 287
• Table 80. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation. 288
• Table 81. Biodiesel by generation. 291
• Table 82. Biodiesel production techniques. 294
• Table 83. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions. 295
• Table 84. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield. 296
• Table 85. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process. 296
• Table 86. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel. 298
• Table 87. Main producers of HVO and capacities. 299
• Table 88. Example commercial Development of BtL processes. 300
• Table 89. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes. 300
• Table 90. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year). 304
• Table 91. Biogas feedstocks. 306
• Table 92. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants. 313
• Table 93. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas. 314
• Table 94. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways. 323
• Table 95. Markets and applications for biohydrogen. 325
• Table 96. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas. 329
• Table 97. Summary of applications of biochar in energy. 335
• Table 98. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils. 336
• Table 99. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil. 336
• Table 100. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels. 338
• Table 101. Markets and applications for bio-oil. 339
• Table 102. Bio-oil producers. 339
• Table 103. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year). 343
• Table 104. Renewable diesel price ranges. 344
• Table 105. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel. 344
• Table 106. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel. 346
• Table 107. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 348
• Table 108. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2019-2035 (Million litres/year). 350
• Table 109. Algae-derived biofuel producers. 355
• Table 110. Key players in biofuels. 356
• Table 111. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in biofuels. 357
• Table 112. Biofuels Regulations. 357
• Table 113. Value chain: Biofuels. 358
• Table 114. Addressable market size for biofuels. 360
• Table 115. Risks and Opportunities in biofuels 360
• Table 116. Global revenues for biofuels, by type (2020-2035), billions USD. 361
• Table 117. Global Revenues for Biofuels, by Applications Market (2020-2035), billions USD. 361
• Table 118. Global revenues for biofuels, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 362
• Table 119. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes. 426
• Table 120. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 511
• Table 121.Types of PHAs and properties. 515
• Table 122. Commercially available PHAs. 516
• Table 123. Markets and applications for PHAs. 516
• Table 124. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 518
• Table 125. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 519
• Table 126. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities, 520
• Table 127. Key players in Bioplastics. 524
• Table 128. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bioplastics. 524
• Table 129. Bioplastics Regulations. 525
• Table 130. Value chain: Bioplastics. 526
• Table 131. Addressable market size for Bioplastics. 528
• Table 132. Risks and Opportunities in Bioplastics. 528
• Table 133. Global revenues for bioplastics, by type (2020-2035), billions USD. 529
• Table 134. Global revenues for bioplastics, by applications market (2020-2035), billions USD. 529
• Table 135. Global revenues for bioplastics, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 529
• Table 136. Lactips plastic pellets. 715
• Table 137. Oji Holdings CNF products. 781
• Table 138. Plant-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 903
• Table 139. Waste-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 904
• Table 140. Microbial and mineral-based feedstocks and biochemicals produced. 905
• Table 141. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid. 907
• Table 142. Applications of succinic acid. 908
• Table 143. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid. 908
• Table 144. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid. 909
• Table 145. Feedstock Sources for Citric Acid Production. 909
• Table 146. Applications of Citric Acid. 910
• Table 147. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production. 910
• Table 148. Applications of Acetic Acid. 910
• Table 149. Feedstock Sources for Acetic Acid Production. 911
• Table 150. Applications of Acetic Acid. 911
• Table 151. Common lysine sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals. 912
• Table 152. Applications of lysine as a feedstock for biochemicals. 912
• Table 153. Feedstock Sources for Threonine Production. 913
• Table 154. Applications of Threonine. 913
• Table 155.Feedstock Sources for Methionine Production. 913
• Table 156. Applications of Methionine. 914
• Table 157. Biobased feedstock sources for ethanol. 914
• Table 158. Applications of bio-based ethanol. 915
• Table 159. Feedstock Sources for Butanol Production. 915
• Table 160. Applications of Butanol. 915
• Table 161. Biobased feedstock sources for isobutanol. 916
• Table 162. Applications of bio-based isobutanol. 916
• Table 163. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO). 917
• Table 164. Types of Biosurfactants. 917
• Table 165. Feedstock Sources for Biosurfactant Production 918
• Table 166. Applications of Biosurfactants 918
• Table 167.Feedstock Sources for APG Production 918
• Table 168. Applications of Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs) 919
• Table 169. Feedstock Sources for Ethyl Lactate Production. 919
• Table 170. Applications of Ethyl Lactate. 919
• Table 171.Feedstock Sources for Dimethyl Carbonate Production 920
• Table 172. Applications of Dimethyl Carbonate 920
• Table 173. Markets and applications for bio-based glycerol. 921
• Table 174.Feedstock Sources for Succinic Acid Production 925
• Table 175. Applications of Succinic Acid. 925
• Table 176. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO). 925
• Table 177. Feedstock Sources for Isoprene Production. 926
• Table 178. Applications of Isoprene. 926
• Table 179. Applications of bio-based ethylene. 927
• Table 180. Applications of bio-based propylene. 928
• Table 181. Applications of bio-based adipic acid. 928
• Table 182. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid. 929
• Table 183. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 931
• Table 184. Leading PBS producers and production capacities. 931
• Table 185. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 932
• Table 186. FDCA and PEF producers. 933
• Table 187. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 934
• Table 188. Production capacities of Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), by leading producers. 934
• Table 189. Types of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPCs). 937
• Table 190. Types of Biofiber-Reinforced Plastics. 938
• Table 191. Types of Polymer Blends with Bio-based Components. 940
• Table 192. Mineral source products and applications. 946
• Table 193. Key players in Biochemicals. 946
• Table 194. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Biochemicals. 947
• Table 195. Biochemicals Regulations. 948
• Table 196. Value chain: Biochemicals. 949
• Table 197. Addressable market size for Biochemicals. 950
• Table 198. Risks and Opportunities in Biochemicals. 951
• Table 199. Global revenues for biochemicals, by type (2020-2035), billions USD. 951
• Table 200. Global revenues for biochemicals, by applications market (2020-2035), billions USD. 952
• Table 201. Global revenues for biochemicals, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 952
• Table 202. Biopesticides: Pros and Cons. 1031
• Table 203. Semiochemicals: Advantages and Disadvantages. 1032
• Table 204.Biological Pest Control: Advantages and Disadvantages. 1033
• Table 205. Global regulations on biopesticides. 1033
• Table 206. Main types of microbial pesticides. 1035
• Table 207. Main types of biochemical pesticides. 1036
• Table 208. Main types of biofertilizers. 1037
• Table 209. Types of Microbial Biostimulants. 1044
• Table 210. Main types of non-microbial biostimulants. 1048
• Table 211. Types of Agricultural Enzymes 1049
• Table 212. Key players in Bio Agritech. 1051
• Table 213. Market Growth Drivers and Trends in Bio Agritech 1052
• Table 214. Bio Agritech Regulations. 1052
• Table 215. Value chain: Bio Agritech. 1053
• Table 216. Addressable market size for Bio Agritech. 1055
• Table 217. Risks and Opportunities in Bio Agritech. 1055
• Table 218. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by applications market (2020-2035), billions USD. 1056
• Table 219. Global revenues for Bio Agritech products, by regional market (2020-2035), billions USD. 1056

List of Figures

• Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.           114
• Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering. 118
• Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.      120
• Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.     121
• Figure 5. The design-make-test-learn loop of generative biology.                126
• Figure 6. XtalPi’s automated and robot-run workstations.               220
• Figure 7. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants. 265
• Figure 8. Corbion FDCA production process.           272
• Figure 9.  Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.                282
• Figure 10. Hydrolytic lignin powder. 285
• Figure 11. SWOT analysis for biodiesel.       292
• Figure 12. Flow chart for biodiesel production.       296
• Figure 13. Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre.       302
• Figure 14. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          305
• Figure 15. Overview of biogas utilization.    306
• Figure 16. Biogas and biomethane pathways.          307
• Figure 17. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   309
• Figure 18. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production.    310
• Figure 19. SWOT analysis for biogas.             311
• Figure 20. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2023.           315
• Figure 21. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.       316
• Figure 22. Biobutanol production route.      316
• Figure 23. SWOT analysis for biohydrogen. 321
• Figure 24. SWOT analysis biomethanol.      327
• Figure 25. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.       328
• Figure 26. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.        329
• Figure 27. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.               330
• Figure 28. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.  330
• Figure 29. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques.      336
• Figure 30. SWOT analysis for bio-oils.           338
• Figure 31. SWOT analysis for renewable iesel.         342
• Figure 32. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel.       344
• Figure 33. Global bio-jet fuel consumption to 2019-2035 (Million litres/year).   348
• Figure 34.  Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.    350
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels.         351
• Figure 36. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.      352
• Figure 37. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.          368
• Figure 38. ChemCyclingTM prototypes.       374
• Figure 39. ChemCycling circle by BASF.       374
• Figure 40. FBPO process        385
• Figure 41. Direct Air Capture Process.          389
• Figure 42. CRI process.           391
• Figure 43. Cassandra Oil  process.  394
• Figure 44. Colyser process.  401
• Figure 45. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic.            406
• Figure 46. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer.    407
• Figure 47. Domsjö process.  408
• Figure 48. FuelPositive system.         419
• Figure 49. INERATEC unit.     435
• Figure 50. Infinitree swing method. 436
• Figure 51. Audi/Krajete unit. 442
• Figure 52. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.              467
• Figure 53: Plantrose process.              475
• Figure 54. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production.       491
• Figure 55. Takavator.  494
• Figure 56. O12 Reactor.           497
• Figure 57. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials.  497
• Figure 58. CO2 made car part.           498
• Figure 59. The Velocys process.        500
• Figure 60. Goldilocks process and applications.   503
• Figure 61. The Proesa® Process.        504
• Figure 62. PHA family.              513
• Figure 63. Pluumo.     533
• Figure 64. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.          542
• Figure 65. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.     544
• Figure 66. MEDICELLU™.         544
• Figure 67. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.     553
• Figure 68. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.          553
• Figure 69. CNF nonwoven fabric.      554
• Figure 70. Roof frame made of natural fiber.             563
• Figure 71. Beyond Leather Materials product.          567
• Figure 72. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.           573
• Figure 73. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc.          574
• Figure 74. Fiber-based screw cap.   586
• Figure 75. formicobio™ technology. 605
• Figure 76. nanoforest-S.         607
• Figure 77. nanoforest-PDP.   607
• Figure 78. nanoforest-MB.     608
• Figure 79. sunliquid® production process. 615
• Figure 80. CuanSave film.     618
• Figure 81. Celish.        619
• Figure 82. Trunk lid incorporating CNF.         621
• Figure 83. ELLEX products.   622
• Figure 84. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.               623
• Figure 85. Kirekira! toilet wipes.         623
• Figure 86. Color CNF.               624
• Figure 87. Rheocrysta spray.                629
• Figure 88. DKS CNF products.            630
• Figure 89. Domsjö process.  631
• Figure 90. Mushroom leather.              641
• Figure 91. CNF based on citrus peel.             642
• Figure 92. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.            643
• Figure 93. Filler Bank CNC products.             653
• Figure 94. Fibers on kapok tree and after processing.         655
• Figure 95.  TMP-Bio Process.               658
• Figure 96. Flow chart of the lignocellulose biorefinery pilot plant in Leuna.         659
• Figure 97. Water-repellent cellulose.             661
• Figure 98. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).             662
• Figure 99. PHA production process.               664
• Figure 100. CNF products from Furukawa Electric.              664
• Figure 101. AVAPTM process.              674
• Figure 102. GreenPower+™ process.               674
• Figure 103. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.               677
• Figure 104. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).     679
• Figure 105. CNF gel.  685
• Figure 106. Block nanocellulose material. 686
• Figure 107. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.             686
• Figure 108. Marine leather products.             689
• Figure 109. Inner Mettle Milk products.        693
• Figure 110. Kami Shoji CNF products.           703
• Figure 111. Dual Graft System.          706
• Figure 112. Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.      707
• Figure 113. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).        707
• Figure 114. Kel Labs yarn.      708
• Figure 115. 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).                712
• Figure 116. Lignin gel.               720
• Figure 117. BioFlex process. 723
• Figure 118. Nike Algae Ink graphic tee.          725
• Figure 119. LX Process.           729
• Figure 120. Made of Air's HexChar panels. 731
• Figure 121. TransLeather.       732
• Figure 122. Chitin nanofiber product.            737
• Figure 123. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.           738
• Figure 124. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.    739
• Figure 125. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.    742
• Figure 126. IPA synthesis method.   746
• Figure 127. MOGU-Wave panels.      749
• Figure 128. CNF slurries.        750
• Figure 129. Range of CNF products.               750
• Figure 130. Reishi.      754
• Figure 131. Compostable water pod.             770
• Figure 132. Leather made from leaves.         771
• Figure 133. Nike shoe with beLEAF™.              771
• Figure 134. CNF clear sheets.             780
• Figure 135. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.       782
• Figure 136. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.           795
• Figure 137. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.             799
• Figure 138. XCNF.       806
• Figure 139: Plantrose process.           807
• Figure 140. LOVR hemp leather.         810
• Figure 141. CNF insulation flat plates.          813
• Figure 142. Hansa lignin.       819
• Figure 143. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.  822
• Figure 144. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.  826
• Figure 145. 3D printed cellulose shoe.          834
• Figure 146. Lyocell process. 837
• Figure 147. North Face Spiber Moon Parka.              841
• Figure 148. PANGAIA LAB NXT GEN Hoodie.             841
• Figure 149. Spider silk production.  842
• Figure 150. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.      847
• Figure 151. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.            848
• Figure 152. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.         848
• Figure 153. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.        849
• Figure 154. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.       849
• Figure 155. Sulapac cosmetics containers.              851
• Figure 156.  Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing.            852
• Figure 157. Solid Novolac Type lignin modified phenolic resins. 853
• Figure 158. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles. 862
• Figure 159. Corbion FDCA production process.     869
• Figure 160. Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.    870
• Figure 161. CNF resin products.        874
• Figure 162. UPM biorefinery process.            875
• Figure 163. Vegea production process.        879
• Figure 164. The Proesa® Process.     881
• Figure 165. Goldilocks process and applications. 882
• Figure 166. Visolis’ Hybrid Bio-Thermocatalytic Process. 886
• Figure 167. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.            888
• Figure 168. Worn Again products.    893
• Figure 169. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.    897
• Figure 170. Schematic of biorefinery processes.   905
• Figure 171. Production capacities of Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) to 2025.       932
• Figure 172. formicobio™ technology.              970
• Figure 173. Domsjö process.               974
• Figure 174.  TMP-Bio Process.             980
• Figure 175. Lignin gel.               998
• Figure 176. BioFlex process. 1001
• Figure 177. LX Process.           1003
• Figure 178. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.    1006
• Figure 179. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.           1012
• Figure 180.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.            1014
• Figure 181. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.             1016
• Figure 182. UPM biorefinery process.            1025
• Figure 183. The Proesa® Process.     1027
• Figure 184. Goldilocks process and applications. 1028

The Global Market for Industrial Biomanufacturing 2025-2035

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