- Published: June 2024
- Pages: 1,065
- Tables: 223
- Figures: 268
- Companies profiled: >1,000
- Series: Electronics
Advanced micro- and nanoelectronics refer to the study, design, and fabrication of advanced electronic devices and systems at the micro- and nanoscale levels. These fields encompass a wide range of technologies and applications, leveraging the unique properties and behaviours of materials and structures at these scale levels. Microelectronics deals with the development of electronic devices and components with dimensions ranging from a few micrometers (10^-6 meters) to a few millimeters. It includes the design and manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, and other microscale electronic devices. Nanoelectronics focuses on the manipulation and exploitation of materials, devices, and systems at the nanoscale level, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (10^-9 meters). This field explores the unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties that emerge at the nanoscale, enabling the creation of novel electronic devices and systems with enhanced performance, efficiency, and functionality. Ongoing miniaturization combined with performance improvements and increasing functionality as well as the integration of novel materials, radically new device concepts and new applications are pushing technological limits further and further. As such, micro- and nanoelectronics is the key and enabling technology for innovation in all areas of life. Megatrends such as artificial intelligence or the metaverse as well as critical infrastructures such as power plants or telecommunications networks, are heavily dependent on micro- and nanoelectronics.
Advanced micro- and nanoelectronics are driving innovations across industries, from consumer electronics and computing to healthcare, energy, and advanced manufacturing. This in-depth market report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global advanced micro- and nanoelectronics landscape, including market sizing, emerging trends, key drivers and opportunities, competitive landscape, and future outlook.
The report includes a detailed introduction to advanced micro- and nanoelectronics, covering definitions, importance, applications, and major market segments such as consumer electronics, computing, communications, automotive, aerospace and defense, healthcare, energy, industrial automation, Internet of Things (IoT), and optoelectronics.
A core focus is on the device technology driving micro- and nanoelectronics innovations, including transistors (FinFETs, Gate-All-Around FETs, Tunnel FETs, Carbon Nanotube FETs), integrated circuits, MEMS devices, nanoelectronic structures (carbon nanotubes, graphene, quantum dots), optoelectronic devices (LEDs, lasers, photodetectors), and energy storage/conversion devices. Market sizing and forecasts are provided for each device type through 2035.
The report also covers the electronic circuits and architectures powering today's systems, examining analog and mixed-signal circuits, microprocessors/microcontrollers, FPGAs, ASICs, System-on-Chip designs, memory architectures (DRAM, SRAM, emerging non-volatile), and advanced interconnects/packaging technologies like 3D ICs, chiplets, fan-outs, and silicon interposers. Emerging technologies like spintronics, molecular electronics, neuromorphic computing, and 3D printed electronics are analyzed regarding their current status, applications, key players, and future potential.
The market analysis section covers key trends, applications, and market forecasts across industries:
- Consumer Electronics (smartphones, wearables, home appliances)
- Computing and Data Storage
- Communications
- Automotive Electronics (ADAS, displays, sensors)
- Aerospace & Defense
- Healthcare and Biomedical (imaging, biosensors, wearables, implantables)
- Energy and Power (solar cells, energy harvesting, power management)
- Industrial Automation
- IoT (smart home, cities, sensor networks)
- Optoelectronics (displays, lighting, photonics)
- Sustainable Electronics
- Smart Packaging Electronics
Over 1,000 company profiles are included, covering start-ups to industry leaders across devices, circuits, packaging, end-use applications, and enabling technologies. Companies profiled include 3DSEMI, Ambarella, MD (Advanced Micro Devices), Aspinity, Atantares, BeFC, C3 Nano, Canatu, Cellid, CHASM, ChipMOS, Chiral Nano, Diamfab, Efficient Computer, Electroninks, Elephantech, Eliyan Corporation, e-peas Semiconductors, Esperanto Technologies, Floadia Corporation, FononTech, Heraeus Epurio, Gaianixx, Genomika, Inkron Oy (Nagase), Innatera Nanosystems, Inuchip, Lotus Microsystems, Lumotive, Lux Semiconductors, MICLEDI Microdisplays, Myrias Optics, Nanopower Semiconductor, NeoLogic, NEO Semiconductor, Neuroph, Numem, Ookuma Diamond Device, Oriole Networks, Panmnesia, Point2 Technology, Pragmatic Semiconductor, Printoptix, PseudolithIC, PVNanoCell, Quinas Technology, Quintessent, RAAAM Memory Technologies, Rapidus, SiFive, SiPearl , Silicon Box, SK hynix, Swave Photonics, SynSense, tacterion GmbH, Tactotek, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), TopoLogic, TracXon, Voltera, VoxelSensors, WeeBit Nano, Wise Integration, Xymox Technologies, Inc., Ynvisible and ZeroPoint Technologies AB.
With insights into the latest market developments, disruptive technologies, competitive strategies, and opportunities across applications, this report is an invaluable resource for companies, investors, and professionals navigating the dynamic micro- and nanoelectronics space.
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 50
2 INTRODUCTION 51
- 2.1 Definition of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics 51
- 2.2 The evolution of electronics 51
- 2.3 Global government semiconductors funding and initiatives 52
- 2.4 Market segments 54
- 2.4.1 Consumer Electronics 54
- 2.4.2 Computing and Data Storage 55
- 2.4.3 Communications 55
- 2.4.4 Automotive Electronics 56
- 2.4.5 Aerospace and Defense 56
- 2.4.6 Healthcare and Biomedical 57
- 2.4.7 Energy and Power 57
- 2.4.8 Industrial Automation 58
- 2.4.9 Internet of Things (IoT) 58
- 2.4.10 Optoelectronics 59
- 2.5 Device Technology 59
- 2.5.1 Transistors 60
- 2.5.2 Integrated Circuits (ICs) 60
- 2.5.3 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 61
- 2.5.4 Nanoelectronics 62
- 2.5.5 Optoelectronics 64
- 2.5.6 Energy Storage and Conversion 65
- 2.6 Electronic Circuits and Architectures 66
- 2.6.1 Analog Circuits 66
- 2.6.2 Digital circuits 67
- 2.6.3 Mixed-Signal Circuits 67
- 2.6.4 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 67
- 2.6.5 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) 68
- 2.6.6 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) 68
- 2.6.7 System-on-Chip (SoC) 68
- 2.6.8 Memory Architectures 69
- 2.6.9 Interconnects and Packaging 69
3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 70
- 3.1 DEVICE TECHNOLOGY 70
- 3.1.1 Transistors 70
- 3.1.1.1 FinFET (Fin Field-Effect Transistor) 71
- 3.1.1.2 Gate-All-Around FET 71
- 3.1.1.3 Tunnel FET (TFET) 71
- 3.1.1.4 Carbon Nanotube FET (CNTFET) 72
- 3.1.1.5 Graphene FET 72
- 3.1.1.6 Negative Capacitance FET (NC-FET) 72
- 3.1.1.7 Spin FET 72
- 3.1.1.8 Global market size 72
- 3.1.2 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) 74
- 3.1.2.1 Inertial Sensors 75
- 3.1.2.2 Pressure Sensors 75
- 3.1.2.3 Microfluidics 75
- 3.1.2.4 RF MEMS 76
- 3.1.2.5 Optical MEMS 76
- 3.1.2.6 Energy Harvesting MEMS 76
- 3.1.2.7 Global market size 77
- 3.1.3 Nanoelectronics 78
- 3.1.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 79
- 3.1.3.1.1 Wearable technologies and flexible displays 79
- 3.1.3.1.1.1 Applications 82
- 3.1.3.1.1.2 Companies 83
- 3.1.3.1.2 Transistors and ICs 83
- 3.1.3.1.2.1 Applications 85
- 3.1.3.1.2.2 Companies 86
- 3.1.3.1.3 Memory 87
- 3.1.3.1.3.1 Applications 87
- 3.1.3.1.3.2 Companies 89
- 3.1.3.1.1 Wearable technologies and flexible displays 79
- 3.1.3.2 Graphene 90
- 3.1.3.2.1 Transparent conductive films 90
- 3.1.3.2.1.1 Applications 91
- 3.1.3.2.1.2 Companies 93
- 3.1.3.2.2 Transistors and ICs 94
- 3.1.3.2.2.1 Applications 95
- 3.1.3.2.2.2 Companies 97
- 3.1.3.2.3 Thermal management 98
- 3.1.3.2.3.1 Applications 99
- 3.1.3.2.3.2 Market players 99
- 3.1.3.2.4 Memory 100
- 3.1.3.2.4.1 Applications 100
- 3.1.3.2.4.2 Companies 103
- 3.1.3.2.1 Transparent conductive films 90
- 3.1.3.3 Molybdenum disulfide 103
- 3.1.3.4 Quantum Dots 104
- 3.1.3.5 Nanowires 105
- 3.1.3.6 Topological Insulators 105
- 3.1.3.7 Spintronic Devices 105
- 3.1.3.8 Memristors 106
- 3.1.3.9 Ferroelectric FETs 106
- 3.1.3.10 Global market size 107
- 3.1.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 79
- 3.1.4 Optoelectronics devices 108
- 3.1.4.1 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 110
- 3.1.4.2 Laser Diodes 110
- 3.1.4.3 Photodetectors 111
- 3.1.4.4 Optical Modulators 111
- 3.1.4.5 Optical Waveguides 111
- 3.1.4.6 Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits (OEICs) 112
- 3.1.4.7 Quantum Dot Optoelectronics 112
- 3.1.4.8 Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) 115
- 3.1.4.9 Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) 115
- 3.1.4.10 Micro-LEDs 115
- 3.1.4.11 Mini-LEDs 116
- 3.1.4.12 Global market size 116
- 3.1.5 Energy Storage and Conversion Devices 117
- 3.1.5.1 Lithium-Ion Batteries 119
- 3.1.5.2 Supercapacitors 119
- 3.1.5.3 Thin-Film Batteries 119
- 3.1.5.4 Microbatteries 120
- 3.1.5.5 Microfluidic Fuel Cells 120
- 3.1.5.6 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 121
- 3.1.5.7 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesters 121
- 3.1.5.8 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems 121
- 3.1.5.9 Photovoltaic (PV) Cells 122
- 3.1.5.10 Printed Batteries 122
- 3.1.5.11 Flexible Batteries 122
- 3.1.5.12 Global market size 123
- 3.1.1 Transistors 70
- 3.2 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND ARCHITECTURES 125
- 3.2.1 Integrated Circuits (ICs) 125
- 3.2.1.1 System-on-Chip (SoC) 125
- 3.2.1.2 3D Integrated Circuits 127
- 3.2.1.3 Neuromorphic Circuits 128
- 3.2.1.4 Quantum Integrated Circuits 129
- 3.2.1.5 Heterogeneous Integration 130
- 3.2.1.6 Monolithic 3D Integration 132
- 3.2.1.7 Global market size 134
- 3.2.2 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 136
- 3.2.2.1 Types 136
- 3.2.2.2 Global market size 137
- 3.2.3 Memory Architectures 139
- 3.2.3.1 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 140
- 3.2.3.1.1 High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) 140
- 3.2.3.1.2 4F2 DRAM 141
- 3.2.3.1.3 Monolithic 3D DRAM 141
- 3.2.3.1.4 DDR4-to-DDR5 141
- 3.2.3.2 Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC 141
- 3.2.3.3 Static RAM (SRAM) 141
- 3.2.3.4 Flash Memory 142
- 3.2.3.5 Resistive RAM (ReRAM) 142
- 3.2.3.6 Phase-Change Memory (PCM) 142
- 3.2.3.7 Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) 143
- 3.2.3.8 Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) 143
- 3.2.3.9 Global market size 143
- 3.2.3.1 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) 140
- 3.2.4 Interconnects and Packaging 144
- 3.2.4.1 Wafer Level Packaging 147
- 3.2.4.1.1 Wafer Level Fan-Out Packaging 148
- 3.2.4.1.1.1 Overview 148
- 3.2.4.1.1.2 Advantages 149
- 3.2.4.1.1.3 Applications 150
- 3.2.4.1.2 Wafer Level Fan-In Packaging 150
- 3.2.4.1.2.1 Overview 150
- 3.2.4.1.2.2 Advantages 151
- 3.2.4.1.2.3 Applications 151
- 3.2.4.1.3 Other Types of WLP 152
- 3.2.4.1.3.1 Cu-Pillar Flip Chip 152
- 3.2.4.1.3.2 Embedded Wafer Level BGA (eWLB) 153
- 3.2.4.1.3.3 Chip-last FO-WLP 155
- 3.2.4.1.3.4 Wafer-on-Wafer (WoW) 156
- 3.2.4.1.1 Wafer Level Fan-Out Packaging 148
- 3.2.4.2 Flip-Chip Packaging 158
- 3.2.4.3 Chiplets 159
- 3.2.4.3.1 AMD EPYC and Ryzen processor families 161
- 3.2.4.3.2 Disaggregation Needs 161
- 3.2.4.4 Advanced Substrates 162
- 3.2.4.5 2.5D packaging 164
- 3.2.4.5.1 Silicon Interposer 2.5D 165
- 3.2.4.5.1.1 Through Si Via (TSV) 165
- 3.2.4.5.1.2 (SiO2) based redistribution layers (RDLs) 166
- 3.2.4.5.2 2.5D Organic-based packaging 167
- 3.2.4.5.2.1 Chip-first and chip-last fan-out packaging 168
- 3.2.4.5.2.2 Organic substrates 170
- 3.2.4.5.2.3 Organic RDL 170
- 3.2.4.5.3 2.5D glass-based packaging 171
- 3.2.4.5.3.1 Benefits 172
- 3.2.4.5.3.2 Glass Si interposers in advanced packaging 173
- 3.2.4.5.3.3 Glass material properties 174
- 3.2.4.5.3.4 2/2 μm line/space metal pitch on glass substrates 175
- 3.2.4.5.3.5 3D Glass Panel Embedding (GPE) packaging 176
- 3.2.4.5.3.6 Thermal management 177
- 3.2.4.5.3.7 Polymer dielectric films 178
- 3.2.4.5.4 2.5D vs. 3D Packaging 178
- 3.2.4.5.4.1 Benefits 179
- 3.2.4.5.4.2 Challenges 179
- 3.2.4.5.4.3 Trends 179
- 3.2.4.5.4.4 Market players 180
- 3.2.4.5.1 Silicon Interposer 2.5D 165
- 3.2.4.6 3D packaging 180
- 3.2.4.6.1 Conventional 3D packaging 182
- 3.2.4.6.2 Advanced 3D Packaging with through-silicon vias (TSVs) 183
- 3.2.4.6.3 Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid bonding 183
- 3.2.4.6.3.1 Devices using hybrid bonding 184
- 3.2.4.6.4 3D Microbump technology 185
- 3.2.4.6.4.1 Technologies 185
- 3.2.4.6.4.2 Challenges 186
- 3.2.4.6.4.3 Bumpless copper-to-copper (Cu-Cu) hybrid bonding 187
- 3.2.4.6.5 Trends 188
- 3.2.4.7 Monolithic 3D 189
- 3.2.4.7.1 Transitioning from 2D Systems 189
- 3.2.4.7.2 Motivation for developing monolithic 3D manufacturing 190
- 3.2.4.7.3 Improved M3D Interconnect Density 190
- 3.2.4.7.4 Heterogenous 3D vs Monolithic 3D 191
- 3.2.4.7.5 2D Materials 192
- 3.2.4.8 Global market size 193
- 3.2.4.1 Wafer Level Packaging 147
- 3.2.1 Integrated Circuits (ICs) 125
- 3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN AND APPLICATION 195
- 3.3.1 Embedded Systems 195
- 3.3.2 Internet of Things (IoT) Systems 197
- 3.3.3 Wearable and Implantable Systems 198
- 3.4 OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 202
- 3.4.1 Spintronics 202
- 3.4.1.1 Overview 202
- 3.4.1.2 Applications 202
- 3.4.1.3 Companies 203
- 3.4.2 Molecular Electronics 204
- 3.4.2.1 Overview 204
- 3.4.2.2 Applications 205
- 3.4.2.3 Companies 206
- 3.4.3 Neuromorphic Computing 207
- 3.4.3.1 Overview 207
- 3.4.3.2 Applications 209
- 3.4.3.3 Companies 210
- 3.4.4 3D printed electronics 216
- 3.4.4.1 Overview 216
- 3.4.4.2 Applications 217
- 3.4.4.3 Companies 218
- 3.4.1 Spintronics 202
4 MARKET ANALYSIS 221
- 4.1 Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing 221
- 4.2 Integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI) 222
- 4.3 Internet of Things (IoT) and Connected Devices 223
- 4.4 Consumer Electronics 225
- 4.4.1 Trends 225
- 4.4.2 Markets and applications 225
- 4.4.2.1 Smartphones 226
- 4.4.2.2 Tablets and laptops 227
- 4.4.2.3 Wearables 228
- 4.4.2.3.1 Wrist-worn wearables 228
- 4.4.2.3.1.1 Sensing 228
- 4.4.2.3.1.2 Actuating 229
- 4.4.2.3.2 Health monitoring 233
- 4.4.2.3.3 Sports and fitness 235
- 4.4.2.3.3.1 Wearable devices and apparel 236
- 4.4.2.3.3.2 Skin patches 236
- 4.4.2.3.3.3 Products 238
- 4.4.2.3.4 Hearables 239
- 4.4.2.3.4.1 Assistive Hearables 243
- 4.4.2.3.4.2 Biometric Monitoring 243
- 4.4.2.3.4.3 Health & Fitness Hearables 245
- 4.4.2.3.4.4 Multimedia Hearables 245
- 4.4.2.3.4.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 245
- 4.4.2.3.4.6 Companies and products 246
- 4.4.2.3.5 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors 247
- 4.4.2.3.5.1 Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers 248
- 4.4.2.3.5.2 Smart rings 248
- 4.4.2.3.5.3 Headbands 249
- 4.4.2.3.5.4 Sleep monitoring devices 250
- 4.4.2.3.5.5 Companies and products 250
- 4.4.2.3.6 VR and AR headsets 251
- 4.4.2.3.7 Companies 252
- 4.4.2.3.1 Wrist-worn wearables 228
- 4.4.2.4 E-Textiles 258
- 4.4.2.4.1 Embedded e-textiles 260
- 4.4.2.4.2 Laminated e-textiles 261
- 4.4.2.5 Home appliances 261
- 4.4.3 Global market size 263
- 4.5 Computing and Data Storage 264
- 4.5.1 Microprocessors 264
- 4.5.1.1 Trends 264
- 4.5.1.2 Markets and applications 267
- 4.5.1.3 Companies 267
- 4.5.2 Memory devices 274
- 4.5.2.1 NAND flash and DRAM memory 274
- 4.5.2.2 Solid-State Drive (SSD) and Memory Module 275
- 4.5.2.3 Hybrid bonding 275
- 4.5.2.4 Monolithic 3D DRAM 276
- 4.5.2.5 Stand-Alone NOR Flash 276
- 4.5.2.6 Emerging Non-Volatile Memory Technologies 277
- 4.5.2.7 Other Memory Technologies 277
- 4.5.2.8 Markets and applications 278
- 4.5.2.9 Companies 279
- 4.5.3 Global market size 285
- 4.5.1 Microprocessors 264
- 4.6 Communications (5G and 6G) 288
- 4.6.1 Trends 288
- 4.6.2 Markets and applications 290
- 4.6.2.1 Wireless communication systems 290
- 4.6.2.2 Networking devices 290
- 4.6.2.3 Optical communications 291
- 4.6.2.4 5G and Beyond 292
- 4.6.2.5 Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) 292
- 4.6.2.6 Quantum Communication 293
- 4.6.2.7 Energy Harvesting 293
- 4.6.3 Global market size 294
- 4.7 Automotive Electronics 296
- 4.7.1 Trends 296
- 4.7.2 Markets and applications 296
- 4.7.2.1 Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) 299
- 4.7.2.2 Displays 300
- 4.7.2.2.1 Infotainment systems 301
- 4.7.2.2.2 Instrument cluster displays 302
- 4.7.2.2.3 Head-Up Displays (HUD) 303
- 4.7.2.2.4 Flexible and curved displays 304
- 4.7.2.2.5 Smart mirrors and pillar displays 306
- 4.7.2.2.6 3D displays 307
- 4.7.2.2.7 Transparent displays 308
- 4.7.2.2.8 Micro and MiniLED displays 310
- 4.7.2.3 Sensors 311
- 4.7.3 Global market size 312
- 4.8 Aerospace and Defense 313
- 4.8.1 Trends 313
- 4.8.2 Markets and applications 314
- 4.8.2.1 Avionics 314
- 4.8.2.2 Navigation Systems 315
- 4.8.2.3 Radar Systems 316
- 4.8.2.4 Satellite Communication 316
- 4.8.3 Global market size 317
- 4.9 Healthcare and Biomedical 319
- 4.9.1 Trends 319
- 4.9.2 Markets and applications 319
- 4.9.2.1 Medical Imaging 321
- 4.9.2.2 Biosensors 322
- 4.9.2.3 Medical Wearables 322
- 4.9.2.3.1 Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation 323
- 4.9.2.3.1.1 Companies and products 324
- 4.9.2.3.2 Electronic skin patches 327
- 4.9.2.3.3 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring 328
- 4.9.2.3.3.1 Companies and products 329
- 4.9.2.3.4 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 330
- 4.9.2.3.5 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors 331
- 4.9.2.3.6 Non-invasive CGM sensors 334
- 4.9.2.3.6.1 Commercial devices 334
- 4.9.2.3.6.2 Companies and products 335
- 4.9.2.3.7 Cardiovascular monitoring 338
- 4.9.2.3.7.1 ECG sensors 338
- 4.9.2.3.7.2 Companies and products 339
- 4.9.2.3.7.3 PPG sensors 340
- 4.9.2.3.7.3.1 Companies and products 341
- 4.9.2.3.8 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring 341
- 4.9.2.3.8.1 Companies and products 341
- 4.9.2.3.9 Hydration sensors 342
- 4.9.2.3.9.1 Companies and products 343
- 4.9.2.3.10 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports) 343
- 4.9.2.3.10.1 Companies and products 346
- 4.9.2.3.11 Wearable drug delivery 346
- 4.9.2.3.11.1 Companies and products 347
- 4.9.2.3.1 Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation 323
- 4.9.2.4 Implantable Devices 348
- 4.9.3 Global market size 348
- 4.10 Energy and Power 350
- 4.10.1 Trends 350
- 4.10.2 Markets and applications 350
- 4.10.2.1 Solar Cells 352
- 4.10.2.2 Energy Harvesting Devices 353
- 4.10.2.3 Power Management Systems 354
- 4.10.3 Global market size 354
- 4.11 Industrial Automation 356
- 4.11.1 Trends 356
- 4.11.2 Markets and applications 356
- 4.11.2.1 Industrial Control Systems 357
- 4.11.2.2 Robotics 357
- 4.11.2.3 Automation Equipment 358
- 4.11.3 Global market size 359
- 4.12 Internet of Things (IoT) 361
- 4.12.1 Trends 361
- 4.12.2 Markets and applications 362
- 4.12.2.1 Smart homes 362
- 4.12.2.2 Smart cities 363
- 4.12.2.3 Connected devices 363
- 4.12.2.4 Sensor networks 363
- 4.12.3 Global market size 364
- 4.13 Optoelectronics 366
- 4.13.1 Trends 366
- 4.13.2 Markets and applications 366
- 4.13.2.1 Displays 367
- 4.13.2.1.1 Organic LCDs (OLCDs) 367
- 4.13.2.1.2 Flexible AMOLEDs 367
- 4.13.2.1.3 Perovskite OLEDs 368
- 4.13.2.1.4 Flexible PMOLED (Passive Matrix OLED) 368
- 4.13.2.1.5 Flexible and foldable microLED 369
- 4.13.2.1.6 Quantum dots 369
- 4.13.2.1.7 Metamaterials 370
- 4.13.2.1.8 Global market size 370
- 4.13.2.2 Lighting 372
- 4.13.2.2.1 Overview 372
- 4.13.2.2.2 Global market size 372
- 4.13.2.3 Photonics 374
- 4.13.2.3.1 Overview 374
- 4.13.2.3.2 Global market size 374
- 4.13.2.4 Optical interconnects 376
- 4.13.2.4.1 Overview 376
- 4.13.2.4.2 Global market size 377
- 4.14 Green and Sustainable Electronics 378
- 4.14.1 Trends 378
- 4.14.2 Markets and applications 379
- 4.14.3 Global market size 380
- 4.14.3.1 Sustainable PCBs 380
- 4.14.3.2 Sustainable ICs 381
- 4.15 Smart Packaging Electronics 383
- 4.15.1 Trends 383
- 4.15.2 Markets and applications 384
- 4.15.3 Global market size 385
5 COMPANY PROFILES 387 (967 company profiles)
6 REFERENCES 1057
List of Tables
- Table 1. Global government semiconductors funding and initiatives. 52
- Table 2. Market Segments and Applications of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 54
- Table 3. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics Device Technology by Type. 59
- Table 4. Types of Integrated Circuits (ICs). 61
- Table 5. Types of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. 62
- Table 6. Devices and structures in nanoelectronics. 63
- Table 7. Types of optoelectronics devices. 65
- Table 8. Electronic Circuits and Architectures by Type. 66
- Table 9. Types of Transistors in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 70
- Table 10. Global market revenues for transistors by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 72
- Table 11. Types of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 74
- Table 12. Global market revenues for MEMS devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 77
- Table 13. Devices and Structures in Nanoelectronics. 78
- Table 14. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in wearable & flexible electronics and displays. 80
- Table 15. Comparison of ITO replacements. 82
- Table 16. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for wearable tech and electronics. 83
- Table 17. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 84
- Table 18. Companies developing carbon nanotubes in transistors and integrated circuits. 86
- Table 19. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in memory devices. 87
- Table 20. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for memory devices. 89
- Table 21. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films. 90
- Table 22. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films. 91
- Table 23. Market players in graphene transparent conductive films. 93
- Table 24. Market outlook for graphene in transistors. 94
- Table 25. Market and applications for graphene transistors. 95
- Table 26. Market players in graphene transistors and integrated circuits. 97
- Table 27. Market and applications for thermal management. 98
- Table 28. Market players in graphene thermal management. 99
- Table 29. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices. 100
- Table 30. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices. 101
- Table 31. Market players in graphene memory devices. 103
- Table 32. Global market revenues for nanoelectronics by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 107
- Table 33. Types of Optoelectronic Devices in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 108
- Table 34. Market supply chain for quantum dots in displays. 112
- Table 35: Typical approaches for integrating QDs into displays. 114
- Table 36. Global market revenues for Optoelectronic Devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 116
- Table 37. Types of Energy Storage and Conversion Devices in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 117
- Table 38. Global market revenues for Energy Storage and Conversion Devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 123
- Table 39. Types of Integrated Circuits in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 125
- Table 40. Types of System-on-Chip (SoC) in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 125
- Table 41. Global market revenues for Integrated Circuits by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 134
- Table 42. Types of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 136
- Table 43. Global market revenues for Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 137
- Table 44. Types of Memory Architectures in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics. 139
- Table 45. Global market revenues for Memory Architectures by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 143
- Table 46. Types of Interconnects and Packaging in Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics 144
- Table 47. Use cases and benefits of using chiplets in semiconductor design. 160
- Table 48. Fan-out packaging process overview. 167
- Table 49. Comparison between mainstream silicon dioxide (SiO2) and leading organic dielectrics for electronic interconnect substrates. 171
- Table 50. Benefits of glass in 2.5D glass-based packaging. 172
- Table 51. Comparison between key properties of glass and polymer molding compounds commonly used in semiconductor packaging applications. 177
- Table 52. 2.5D vs. 3D packaging. 178
- Table 53. 2.5D packaging challenges. 179
- Table 54. Market players in 2.5D packaging. 180
- Table 55. Advantages and disadvantages of 3D packaging. 181
- Table 56. Comparison between 2.5D, 3D micro bump, and 3D hybrid bonding. 185
- Table 57. Challenges in 3D Hybrid Bonding. 185
- Table 58. Challenges in scaling bumps. 187
- Table 59. Key methods for enabling copper-to-copper (Cu-Cu) hybrid bonding in advanced semiconductor packaging: 187
- Table 60. Micro bumps vs Cu-Cu bumpless hybrid bonding. 188
- Table 61. Comparison between heterogeneous 3D integration and monolithic 3D integration. 191
- Table 62. Key 2D materials in monolithic 3D integrated circuits. 192
- Table 63. Global market revenues for Interconnects and Packaging by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 193
- Table 64. Types of system design and applicaiton. 195
- Table 65. Spintronics applications. 202
- Table 66. Spintronics companies. 204
- Table 67. Types of Molecular Electronics. 205
- Table 68. Molecular electronics applications. 206
- Table 69. Molecular electronics companies. 206
- Table 70. Types of Neuromorphic Computing. 208
- Table 71. Neuromorphic Computing applications. 209
- Table 72. Neuromorphic Computing companies. 210
- Table 73. 3D Printed Electronics Synthesis methods. 216
- Table 74. 3D printed electronics applications. 217
- Table 75. 3D printed electronics companies. 218
- Table 76. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing 221
- Table 77. Integration of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics with AI. 222
- Table 78. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in Internet of Things (IoT) and Connected Devices 224
- Table 79. Trends in consumer electronics. 225
- Table 80. Markets and applications in consumer electronics. 225
- Table 81. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in smartphones.. 226
- Table 82. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in tablets and laptops. 227
- Table 83. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in wrist-worn wearables. 228
- Table 84. Different sensing modalities that can be incorporated into wrist-worn wearable device. 228
- Table 85. Overview of actuating at the wrist 229
- Table 86. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers producers and products. 232
- Table 87. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in health monitoring. 233
- Table 88. Wearable health monitors. 234
- Table 89. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in sports and fitness wearables. 236
- Table 90. Wearable sensors for sports performance. 237
- Table 91. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance. 238
- Table 92. Product types in the hearing assistance technology market. 241
- Table 93. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in hearables. 242
- Table 94. Companies in hearables. 242
- Table 95. Sensing options in the ear. 244
- Table 96. Companies and products in hearables. 246
- Table 97. Example wearable sleep tracker products and prices. 247
- Table 98. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in sleep trackers and wearable monitors. 247
- Table 99. Smart ring products. 249
- Table 100. Sleep headband products. 249
- Table 101. Sleep monitoring products. 250
- Table 102. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets. 252
- Table 103. Companies in wearables. 252
- Table 104. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in E-textiles. 259
- Table 105. Commercially available smart clothing products. 259
- Table 106. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in home appliances. 261
- Table 107. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in consumer electronics. 262
- Table 108. Global market for consumer electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 263
- Table 109. Microprocessor trends. 264
- Table 110. Processor Advanced Packaging Technology Trends. 266
- Table 111. Markets and applications in computing and data storage. 267
- Table 112. Processor companies. 267
- Table 113. NAND and DRAM Market Trends. 274
- Table 114. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in memory devices. 278
- Table 115. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in Solid-state drives (SSDs). 279
- Table 116. Memory device companies. 279
- Table 117. Global market for computing and data storage, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 285
- Table 118. Trends in communications. 288
- Table 119. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in wireless communication systems. 290
- Table 120. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in networking devices. 290
- Table 121. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in optical communications. 291
- Table 122. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in 5G and beyond. 292
- Table 123. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs). 292
- Table 124. Applications, product examples, and advantages of quantum communications. 293
- Table 125. Energy harvesting in communications. 294
- Table 126. Global market for electronics in communications, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 294
- Table 127. Trends in automotive electronics. 296
- Table 128. Markets and applications in automotive electronics. 296
- Table 129. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in automotive. 297
- Table 130. Companies developing automotive electronics components. 297
- Table 131. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in ADAS. 299
- Table 132. Types of automotive display technologies. 301
- Table 133. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in infotainment systems. 301
- Table 134. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in instrument cluster displays. 302
- Table 135. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in HUD. 303
- Table 136. Companies developing head-up display (HUD) technologies for the automotive industry, categorized by technology type. 304
- Table 137. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in flexible and curved displays. 304
- Table 138. Companies developing flexible and curved automotive displays. 305
- Table 139. Smart mirrors and pillar displays in automotive. 306
- Table 140. Companies developing display technologies for smart mirrors and displays in automotive applications. 306
- Table 141. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in 3D displays for automotive. 307
- Table 142. Companies developing 3D display technology for automobiles. 307
- Table 143. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in transparent displays for automotive 309
- Table 144. Companies developing transparent display products. 309
- Table 145. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in Micro and Mini LED displays for automotive. 310
- Table 146. Companies developing Mini-LEDs for automotive applications. 310
- Table 147. Companies developing Micro-LEDs for automotive applications. 311
- Table 148. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in automotive sensors. 311
- Table 149. Global market for automotive electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 312
- Table 150. Trends in aerospace and defence electronics 314
- Table 151. Markets and applications in aerospace and defences electronics. 314
- Table 152. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in avionics. 315
- Table 153. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in navigation systems for aerospace. 315
- Table 154. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in radar systems for aerospace. 316
- Table 155. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in satellite communication for aerospace. 316
- Table 156. Other applications in aerospace. 317
- Table 157. Global market for aerospace & defence electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 317
- Table 158. Trends in healthcare and biomedical electronics. 319
- Table 159. Markets and applications in healthcare and biomedical electronics. 319
- Table 160. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in healthcare & wellness. 320
- Table 161. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in medical imaging. 321
- Table 162. Micro and nanoelectronic biosensors: 322
- Table 163. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in medical wearables. 323
- Table 164. Electronic skin patch manufacturing value chain. 327
- Table 165. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperate and respiratory monitoring and analysis. 330
- Table 166. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages. 331
- Table 167. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market. 334
- Table 168. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products. 335
- Table 169. Companies developing wearable swear sensors. 346
- Table 170. Wearable drug delivery companies and products. 347
- Table 171. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in implantable devices. 348
- Table 172. Global market for healthcare and biomedical electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 348
- Table 173. Trends in energy and power electronics. 350
- Table 174. Markets and applications in energy and power electronics. 351
- Table 175. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in energy storage and harvesting. 352
- Table 176. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in solar cells. 353
- Table 177. Micro and nanoelectronic energy harvesting devices. 353
- Table 178. Micro and nanoelectronic power management systems. 354
- Table 179. Global market for energy and power electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 354
- Table 180. Trends in industrial automation electronics. 356
- Table 181. Markets and applications in industrial automation electronics. 356
- Table 182. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in industrial control systems. 357
- Table 183. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in robotics. 357
- Table 184. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in automation equipment. 358
- Table 185. Global market for electronics in industrial automation, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 359
- Table 186. Trends in Internet of Things (IoT). 361
- Table 187. Semiconductor Components of IoT Devices. 362
- Table 188. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics applications in smart homes. 362
- Table 189. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics applications in smart cities. 363
- Table 190. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics applications in connected devices. 363
- Table 191. Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics applications in sensor networks. 364
- Table 192. Global market for IoT, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 364
- Table 193. Trends in optoelectronics. 366
- Table 194. Markets and applications in optoelectronics. 366
- Table 195. Organic LCDs applications. 367
- Table 196. Flexible AMOLEDs applications. 367
- Table 197. Flexible PMOLEDs applications. 369
- Table 198. Flexible and foldable microLED applications. 369
- Table 199. Applications of quantum dots in displays. 370
- Table 200. Applications of metamaterials in displays. 370
- Table 201. Global market for electronic displays, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 370
- Table 202. Types of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in lighting. 372
- Table 203. Global market for electronic lighting, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 372
- Table 204. Types of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in photonics. 374
- Table 205. Global market for photonics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 375
- Table 206. Types of Advanced Micro- and Nanoelectronics in optical interconnects. 376
- Table 207. Global market for optical interconnects, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 377
- Table 208. Trends in green and sustainable electronics. 378
- Table 209. Markets and applications in green and sustainable electronics. 379
- Table 210. Global sustainable PCB revenues 2018-2035, by type (millions USD). 380
- Table 211. Global sustainable ICs revenues 2018-2035, by type (millions USD). 381
- Table 212. Trends in smart packaging electronics. 383
- Table 213. Markets and applications in smart packaging electronics. 384
- Table 214. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in smart packaging and logistics. 384
- Table 215. Global market for smart packaging electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 385
- Table 216. AMD AI chip range. 396
- Table 217. Applications of CV3-AD685 in autonomous driving. 420
- Table 218. Intel's products that adopt 3D FOVEROS. 676
- Table 219. LG mini QNED range 726
- Table 220. Samsung Neo QLED TV range. 896
- Table 221. Samsung QD-TV product list. 899
- Table 222. San’an Mini and MicroLED Production annual target. 901
- Table 223. NPQDTM vs Traditional QD based MicroLEDs. 903
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Evolution of electronics. 51
- Figure 2. Global market revenues for transistors by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 73
- Figure 3. Global market revenues for MEMS devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 77
- Figure 4. Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs. 87
- Figure 5. Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip. 89
- Figure 6. Strategic Elements’ transparent glass demonstrator. 89
- Figure 7. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays. 92
- Figure 8. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application. 93
- Figure 9. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene transistors. 97
- Figure 10. Graphene IC in wafer tester. 97
- Figure 11. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right). 98
- Figure 12. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in thermal management. 99
- Figure 13. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in memory devices. 102
- Figure 14. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). 103
- Figure 15. Global market revenues for nanoelectronics by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 108
- Figure 16: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic. 113
- Figure 17. Global market revenues for Optoelectronic Devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 117
- Figure 18. Global market revenues for Energy Storage and Conversion Devices by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 124
- Figure 19. Global market revenues for Integrated Circuits by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 135
- Figure 20. Global market revenues for Microprocessors and Microcontrollers by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 138
- Figure 21. Global market revenues for Memory Architectures by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 144
- Figure 22. Typical FOWLP structure. 149
- Figure 23. Chiplet design. 160
- Figure 24. Chiplet SoC. 161
- Figure 25. 2D chip packaging. 164
- Figure 26. Typical structure of 2.5D IC package utilizing interposer. 165
- Figure 27. Fan-out chip-first process flow and Fan-out chip-last process flow. 169
- Figure 28. Manufacturing process for glass interposers. 175
- Figure 29. 3D Glass Panel Embedding (GPE) package. 177
- Figure 30. Global market revenues for Interconnects and Packaging by type, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 194
- Figure 31. EmeTerm nausea relief wearable. 230
- Figure 32. Embr Wave for cooling and warming. 231
- Figure 33. dpl Wrist Wrap Light THerapy pain relief. 231
- Figure 34. FitBit Sense Watch. 234
- Figure 35. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration. 237
- Figure 36. HP Hearing PRO OTC Hearing Aid. 241
- Figure 37. Beddr SleepTuner. 250
- Figure 38. H-Tee by H-Cube. 261
- Figure 39. Global market for consumer electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 264
- Figure 40. Global market for computing and data storage, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 287
- Figure 41. Global market for electronics in communications, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 295
- Figure 42. In-Vehicle Infortainment (IVI) System. 300
- Figure 43. Continental 3D automotive display. 308
- Figure 44. Global market for automotive electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 313
- Figure 45. Global market for aerospace & defence electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 318
- Figure 46. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products. 324
- Figure 47. Enfucell wearable temperature tag. 329
- Figure 48. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer. 329
- Figure 49. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection. 331
- Figure 50. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor. 334
- Figure 51. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor. 335
- Figure 52. VitalPatch. 338
- Figure 53. Wearable ECG-textile. 339
- Figure 54. Wearable ECG recorder. 340
- Figure 55. Nexkin™. 340
- Figure 56. Bloomlife. 342
- Figure 57. Nanowire skin hydration patch. 343
- Figure 58. NIX sensors. 343
- Figure 59. Wearable sweat sensor. 344
- Figure 60. Wearable graphene sweat sensor. 344
- Figure 61. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch. 345
- Figure 62. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask. 345
- Figure 63. D-mine Pump. 346
- Figure 64. Lab-on-Skin™. 347
- Figure 65. Global market for healthcare and biomedical electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 349
- Figure 66. Global market for energy and power electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 355
- Figure 67. Global market for industrial automation, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 360
- Figure 68. Global market for IoT, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 365
- Figure 69. Global market for displays, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 371
- Figure 70. Global market for lighting, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 373
- Figure 71. Global market for photonics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 376
- Figure 72. Global market for optical interconnects, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 378
- Figure 73. Global sustainable PCB revenues 2018-2035, by type (millions USD). 381
- Figure 74. Global sustainable ICs revenues 2018-2035, by type (millions USD). 382
- Figure 75. Global market for smart packaging electronics, by application, 2020-2035 (billions USD). 386
- Figure 76. Libre 3. 389
- Figure 77. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable. 389
- Figure 78. Absolic glass substrate. 391
- Figure 79. Skinetic vest. 392
- Figure 80. AcuPebble SA100. 393
- Figure 81. AMD Radeon Instinct. 397
- Figure 82. AMD Ryzen 7040. 397
- Figure 83. Alveo V70. 397
- Figure 84. Versal Adaptive SOC. 398
- Figure 85. AMD’s MI300 chip. 398
- Figure 86. Vitalgram®. 401
- Figure 87. BioMan+. 406
- Figure 88. EXO Glove. 407
- Figure 89. WireLED in 12” Silicon Wafer. 409
- Figure 90. Alertgy NICGM wristband. 410
- Figure 91. ALLEVX. 411
- Figure 92. Gastric Alimetry. 412
- Figure 93. Typical GaN-on-Si LED structure. 413
- Figure 94. 300 mm GaN-on-silicon epiwafer. 413
- Figure 95. e-Tint® cell in the (a) OFF and in the (b) ON states. 417
- Figure 96. Alva Health stroke monitor. 418
- Figure 97. Sigi™ Insulin Management System. 421
- Figure 98. amofit S. 425
- Figure 99. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor. 426
- Figure 100. The Apollo wearable device. 430
- Figure 101. Apos3. 431
- Figure 102. Piezotech® FC. 438
- Figure 103. Artemis is smart clothing system. 441
- Figure 104. KneeStim. 441
- Figure 105. LED hooded jacket. 444
- Figure 106. Heated element module. 445
- Figure 107. 1.39-inch full-circle MicroLED display 452
- Figure 108. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 453
- Figure 109. Cyclops HMD. 457
- Figure 110. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 459
- Figure 111. PaciBreath. 460
- Figure 112. Structure of Azalea Vision’s smart contact lens. 464
- Figure 113. BeFC® biofuel cell and digital platform. 468
- Figure 114. Belun® Ring. 470
- Figure 115. Evo Patch. 475
- Figure 116. Neuronaute wearable. 478
- Figure 117. biped.ai device. 480
- Figure 118. BMW in-car gaming on curved display. 485
- Figure 119. circul+ smart ring. 486
- Figure 120. Brelyon monitor. 493
- Figure 121. C2Sense sensors. 498
- Figure 122. Cala Trio. 499
- Figure 123. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix. 502
- Figure 124. Schematic of TD HUD display in operation. 512
- Figure 125. Cionic Neural Sleeve. 520
- Figure 126. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest. 523
- Figure 127. Coachwhisperer device. 524
- Figure 128. Cognito's gamma stimulation device. 525
- Figure 129. Cogwear headgear. 526
- Figure 130. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26″ 1080p microLED display. 528
- Figure 131. Continental's Scenic View Head-up Display (HUD). 532
- Figure 132. Driver Identification Display. 532
- Figure 133. CardioWatch 287. 535
- Figure 134. C Seed 165-inch M1 MicroLED TV. 537
- Figure 135. N1 folding MicroLED TV. 537
- Figure 136. C Seed outdoor TV. 538
- Figure 137. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing. 539
- Figure 138. Dapeng DPVR P1 Pro 4k VR all-in-one VR glasses. 540
- Figure 139. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket. 542
- Figure 140. Illustration of how multiple qubits could be controlled using the new 'intrinsic spin-orbit EDSR' process discovered by Diraq. 547
- Figure 141. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey. 548
- Figure 142. Schematic of Magic Glass. 550
- Figure 143. Application of Magic Glass in office. 551
- Figure 144. Installation schematic of Magic Glass. 551
- Figure 145. First Relief. 556
- Figure 146. FRENZ™ Brainband. 557
- Figure 147. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device. 560
- Figure 148. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator . 564
- Figure 149. enFuse. 572
- Figure 150. Envisics HUD. 575
- Figure 151. EOPatch. 576
- Figure 152. Epilog. 581
- Figure 153. eQ02+LIfeMontor. 586
- Figure 154. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor. 596
- Figure 155. Cove wearable device. 597
- Figure 156. FloPatch. 604
- Figure 157. Focally Universe AR glasses. 605
- Figure 158. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve. 606
- Figure 159. German bionic exoskeleton. 618
- Figure 160. UnlimitedHand. 633
- Figure 161. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device. 640
- Figure 162. Apex Exosuit. 643
- Figure 163. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices. 646
- Figure 164. Hyundai Mobis rollable automotive display. 655
- Figure 165. Humanox Shin Guard. 656
- Figure 166. Airvida E1. 659
- Figure 167. Quantum dots tag on plastic bottle. 661
- Figure 168. Footrax. 671
- Figure 169. eMacula®. 672
- Figure 170. Flexible microLED. 679
- Figure 171. G2 Pro. 683
- Figure 172. Atusa system. 685
- Figure 173. Jade Bird Display micro displays. 689
- Figure 174. JBD's 0.13-inch panel. 690
- Figure 175. 0.22” Monolithic full colour microLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide. 690
- Figure 176. Soluboard immersed in water. 695
- Figure 177. Infineon PCB before and after immersion. 695
- Figure 178. Kenzen ECHO Smart Patch. 698
- Figure 179. The Kernel Flow headset. 699
- Figure 180. REFLEX. 702
- Figure 181. KnowU™. 704
- Figure 182. APHAEA MicroLED watch. 706
- Figure 183. KONKA 59" tiled microLED TV prototype screen. 706
- Figure 184. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display. 715
- Figure 185. Lextar 2021 micro LED and mini LED products. 723
- Figure 186. LSAB009 MicroLED display. 726
- Figure 187. LG MAGNIT 4K 136-inch TV. 727
- Figure 188. 12" 100 PPI full-colour stretchable microLED display. 727
- Figure 189. LifeSpan patch. 733
- Figure 190. LumeoLoop device. 743
- Figure 191. Ring ZERO. 747
- Figure 192. Marelli cockpit display. 750
- Figure 193. Mawi Heart Patch. 751
- Figure 194. WalkAid. 753
- Figure 195. Monarch™ Wireless Wearable Biosensor 754
- Figure 196. MetaSCOPE. 758
- Figure 197. Schematic of Micro Nitride chip architecture. 763
- Figure 198. Modoo device. 775
- Figure 199. Munevo Drive. 782
- Figure 200. Electroskin integration schematic. 787
- Figure 201. Nationstar Mini LED IMD Package P0.5mm. 791
- Figure 202. Modius Sleep wearable device. 798
- Figure 203. Neuphony Headband. 799
- Figure 204. Nextiles’ compression garments. 801
- Figure 205. Nextiles e-fabric. 801
- Figure 206. Nix Biosensors patch. 805
- Figure 207. Ayo wearable light therapy. 807
- Figure 208. Nowatch. 809
- Figure 209: Quantum dot sheet. 810
- Figure 210 .Nuada. 813
- Figure 211. OQmented technology for AR smart glasses. 823
- Figure 212. ORII smart ring. 825
- Figure 213. Otolith wearable device. 829
- Figure 214. Palarum PUP smart socks. 834
- Figure 215. Peerbridge Cor. 841
- Figure 216. Peugeot Inception Concept. 843
- Figure 217. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 848
- Figure 218. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display. 849
- Figure 219. 48 x 36 Passive Matrix MicroLED display. 850
- Figure 220. Point Fit Technology skin patch. 852
- Figure 221. MicroLED micro display based on a native red InGaN LED. 854
- Figure 222. Proxxi Voltage. 860
- Figure 223. Raontech microdisplays. 874
- Figure 224. Raythink AR-HUD. 877
- Figure 225. RealWear HMT-1. 878
- Figure 226. Sylvee 1.0. 882
- Figure 227. RootiRx. 889
- Figure 228. Micro-LED stretchable display. 890
- Figure 229. Sylvee 1.0. 893
- Figure 230. Samsung Display digital cockpit. 894
- Figure 231. The Wall. 895
- Figure 232. Samsung Neo QLED 8K. 896
- Figure 233. NPQD™ Technology for MicroLEDs. 902
- Figure 234. SenseGlove Nova. 911
- Figure 235. Wicop technology. 917
- Figure 236. MeganeX. 922
- Figure 237. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc. 924
- Figure 238. Silvertree Reach. 931
- Figure 239. 12-layer HBM3. 936
- Figure 240. Smardii smart diaper. 941
- Figure 241. SnowCookie device. 945
- Figure 242. Softmatter compression garment. 946
- Figure 243. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor. 947
- Figure 244. B-Series and C-Series displays. 949
- Figure 245. Soter device. 952
- Figure 246. MoCap Pro Glove. 962
- Figure 247. Subcuject. 964
- Figure 248. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked MicroLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display/ 965
- Figure 249. Synaptics’ SmartBridge SB7900. 969
- Figure 250. TCL QLED TVs. 975
- Figure 251. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO. 977
- Figure 252. Photo-polymer mass transfer process. 981
- Figure 253. Teslasuit. 982
- Figure 254. Nerivio. 987
- Figure 255. Feelzing Energy Patch. 989
- Figure 256. 7.56” Transparent Display. 990
- Figure 257. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor. 1003
- Figure 258. Vaxxas patch. 1009
- Figure 259. Lightscape Panoramic Display. 1017
- Figure 260. VueReal Flipchip MicroLED (30x15 um2). 1025
- Figure 261. Vuzix uLED display engine. 1027
- Figure 262. Holographic AR automotive display. 1030
- Figure 263. S-Patch Ex. 1034
- Figure 264. Wiliot tags. 1036
- Figure 265. Xiaomi Smart Glasses. 1043
- Figure 266. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband. 1050
- Figure 267. ZOZOFIT wearable at-home 3D body scanner. 1054
- Figure 268. YouCare smart shirt. 1055
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