The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2024-2035 - Nanotechnology Market Research

Published: May 2024
Pages: 337
Tables: 97
Figures: 129

The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2024-20345 is an in-depth 330+ page market report providing a comprehensive analysis of emerging Micro-LED display technologies and markets. It evaluates the current status and future outlook for these next-generation LED displays across applications in consumer electronics, automotive, augmented reality, transparent displays, digital signage, and more.

MicroLEDs are a next-generation display technology that delivers superior performance compared to traditional LCD and OLED displays. With their high brightness, wide colour gamut, low power consumption, and long lifespan, microLEDs are set to revolutionize various industries, from consumer electronics and automotive to virtual reality and transparent displays.

This report provides a detailed overview of microLED technology, exploring its advantages, manufacturing processes, and key components such as epitaxy, chip processing, transfer and assembly techniques, and colour conversion methods. It also examines the challenges faced by the industry and the innovative solutions being developed to overcome them.

The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2024-2035 offers valuable insights into the competitive landscape, with profiles of over 80 leading companies driving innovation in the microLED space. The report also features market forecasts, segmented by application and region, providing a clear picture of the future growth potential of this exciting technology.

Key applications covered in the report include consumer electronics, such as smartwatches, smartphones, and TVs, as well as automotive displays, AR/VR devices, transparent displays, and biotech and medical applications. The report also explores emerging trends, such as foldable and stretchable displays, and their potential impact on the microLED market.

With its comprehensive analysis and strategic insights, "The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2024-2035" is an essential resource for display manufacturers, technology providers, investors, and researchers seeking to understand the future of the display industry and capitalize on the vast potential of microLED technology.

Report contents include:

Technology Introductions to MicroLED Displays
Comparative Analysis of Mini-LED vs Micro-LED
Manufacturing Processes for MicroLED Displays
Chip Fabrication, Epitaxial Growth, Wafer Production
Assembly, Hybrid Integration, Mass Transfer Techniques
Defect Management, Repair and Optimization
Colour Conversion Technologies for MicroLED
Analysis of MicroLED Performance Metrics
Assessment of Benefits and Drawbacks vs LCD and OLED
Emerging Innovations: Flexible, Transparent, 3D Displays
Adoption Roadmaps and Market Opportunities by Application:
- Consumer Electronics, Automotive Displays, Signage
- AR/VR Devices, Transparent Displays, Lighting, Medical
Supply Chain Ecosystems for MicroLED Displays
Company Profiles of 80+ MicroLED Developers. Companies profiled include AUO, eLux, Innolux, Jade Bird Display, Kopin, Kubos Semiconductors, LG Display, MICLEDI, Mikro Mesa, Mojo Vision, PlayNitride, Porotech, Raysolve Technology, Q-Pixel, Samsung Electronics, Sitan Semiconductor International Co. Ltd., Tianma, and Sony.
11-Year Market Forecasts for MicroLED Display Shipments and Revenues
Analysis of Market Drivers, Trends, and Technology Challenges
Regional Markets: North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, ROW

1 REPORT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 24

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 25

2.1 The MiniLED market 25
2.2 The MicroLED market 26
2.3 The global display market 28
- 2.3.1 OLEDs 28
- 2.3.2 Quantum dots 29
- 2.3.3 Display technologies assessment 31
2.4 Benefits of MicroLEDs 33
2.5 Additive manufacturing for microLED micro-displays 34
2.6 MicroLEDs applications 35
2.7 Market and technology challenges 40
2.8 Industry developments 2020-2024 42
2.9 Recent microLED display innovations 47
2.10 Market activity in China 51
2.11 Global shipment forecasts for MicroLEDs to 2035 52
- 2.11.1 Units 52
- 2.11.2 Revenues 55

3 TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION 56

3.1 What are MicroLEDs? 56
3.2 MiniLED (mLED) vs MicroLED (µLED) 58
- 3.2.1 Display configurations 58
- 3.2.2 Development 59
- 3.2.2.1 So`ny 60
- 3.2.3 Types 61
- 3.2.4 Production 62
  - 3.2.4.1 Integration 62
  - 3.2.4.2 Transfer technologies 63
- 3.2.5 Comparison to LCD, OLED AND QD 66
- 3.2.6 MicroLED display specifications 67
- 3.2.7 Advantages 68
  - 3.2.7.1 Transparency 69
  - 3.2.7.2 Borderless 70
  - 3.2.7.3 Flexibility 71
- 3.2.8 Tiled microLED displays 72
- 3.2.9 Costs 72
  - 3.2.9.1 Relationship between microLED cost and die size 73

4 MANUFACTURING 74

4.1 Epitaxy and Chip Processing 74
- 4.1.1 Materials 74
- 4.1.2 Substrates 76
  - 4.1.2.1 Green gap 76
- 4.1.3 Wafer patterning 77
- 4.1.4 Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) 77
- 4.1.5 Epitaxial growth requirement 78
- 4.1.6 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) 79
- 4.1.7 Uniformity 79
4.2 Chip manufacturing 80
- 4.2.1 RGB microLED designs 81
- 4.2.2 Epi-film transfer 82
4.3 MicroLED Performances 82
- 4.3.1 Relationship between external quantum efficiency (EQE) and current density 83
- 4.3.2 Stability and thermal management 83
- 4.3.3 Size dependency 84
- 4.3.4 Surface recombination of carriers 85
- 4.3.5 Developing efficient high-performance RGB microLEDs 86
4.4 Transfer, Assembly and Integration Technologies 87
- 4.4.1 Monolithic integration 88
  - 4.4.1.1 Overview 88
  - 4.4.1.2 Companies 90
- 4.4.2 Heterogeneous Wafers 90
  - 4.4.2.1 Array integration 90
  - 4.4.2.2 Wafer bonding 92
  - 4.4.2.3 Hybridization integration 92
  - 4.4.2.4 Companies 94
- 4.4.3 Monolithic microLED arrays 94
- 4.4.4 GaN on Silicon 95
  - 4.4.4.1 Overview 95
  - 4.4.4.2 Types 96
    - 4.4.4.2.1 GaN on sapphire 97
  - 4.4.4.3 Challenges 98
  - 4.4.4.4 Companies 99
- 4.4.5 Mass transfer 99
  - 4.4.5.1 Chiplet Mass Transfer 103
  - 4.4.5.2 Elastomer Stamp Transfer (Fine pick and place) 104
    - 4.4.5.2.1 Overview 104
    - 4.4.5.2.2 Controlling kinetic adhesion forces 106
    - 4.4.5.2.3 Pixel pitch 106
    - 4.4.5.2.4 Micro-transfer printing 107
    - 4.4.5.2.5 Capillary-assisted transfer printing 108
    - 4.4.5.2.6 Electrostatic array 108
    - 4.4.5.2.7 Companies 108
  - 4.4.5.3 Roll-to-Roll or Roll-to-Panel Imprinting 109
  - 4.4.5.4 Laser enabled transfer 110
    - 4.4.5.4.1 Overview 110
      - 4.4.5.4.1.1 Selective transfer by selective bonding-debonding 112
    - 4.4.5.4.2 Companies 112
  - 4.4.5.5 Electrostatic Transfer 114
  - 4.4.5.6 Micro-transfer 115
    - 4.4.5.6.1 Overview 115
    - 4.4.5.6.2 Micro-Pick-and-Place Transfer 116
    - 4.4.5.6.3 Photo-Polymer Mass Transfer 116
    - 4.4.5.6.4 Companies 116
  - 4.4.5.7 Micro vacuum-based transfer 117
  - 4.4.5.8 Adhesive Stamp 117
  - 4.4.5.9 Self-Assembly 117
    - 4.4.5.9.1 Overview 117
    - 4.4.5.9.2 Fluidically Self-Assembled (FSA) technology 118
    - 4.4.5.9.3 Magnetically-assisted assembly 119
    - 4.4.5.9.4 Photoelectrochemically driven fluidic-assembly 120
    - 4.4.5.9.5 Electrophoretic fluidic-assembly 120
    - 4.4.5.9.6 Surface energy fluidic-assembly 121
    - 4.4.5.9.7 Shape-based self-assembly 121
    - 4.4.5.9.8 Companies 121
  - 4.4.5.10 All-In-One Transfer 122
    - 4.4.5.10.1 Overview 122
    - 4.4.5.10.2 Heterogeneous Wafers in All-in-One Integration 123
      - 4.4.5.10.2.1 Optoelectronic Array Integration 123
      - 4.4.5.10.2.2 Wafer Bonding Process and Hybridization 124
    - 4.4.5.10.3 Companies 124
- 4.4.6 Nanowires 125
  - 4.4.6.1 Overview 125
    - 4.4.6.1.1 Nanowire Growth on Silicon 125
    - 4.4.6.1.2 Native EL RGB nanowires 126
    - 4.4.6.1.3 3D Integration 126
- 4.4.7 Bonding and interconnection 128
  - 4.4.7.1 Overview 128
  - 4.4.7.2 Types of bonding 128
  - 4.4.7.3 Microtube Interconnections 129

5 DEFECT MANAGEMENT 130

5.1 Overview 130
5.2 Defect types 130
5.3 Redundancy techniques 131
5.4 Repair 131
- 5.4.1 Techniques 131
- 5.4.2 Laser micro trimming 132

6 COLOUR CONVERSION 133

6.1 Comparison of technologies 134
6.2 Full colour conversion 134
6.3 UV LED 136
6.4 Colour filters 137
6.5 Stacked RGB MicroLEDs 137
- 6.5.1 Companies 138
6.6 Three panel microLED projectors 138
6.7 Phosphor Colour Conversion 139
- 6.7.1 Overview 139
  - 6.7.1.1 Red-emitting phosphor materials 140
  - 6.7.1.2 Thermal stability 142
  - 6.7.1.3 Narrow-band green phosphors 143
  - 6.7.1.4 High performance organic phosphors 143
- 6.7.2 Challenges 144
- 6.7.3 Companies 144
6.8 Quantum dots colour conversion 145
- 6.8.1 Mode of operation 146
- 6.8.2 Cadmium QDs 148
- 6.8.3 Cadmium-free QDs 148
- 6.8.4 Perovskite quantum dots 148
- 6.8.5 Graphene quantum dots 152
- 6.8.6 Phosphors and quantum dots 154
- 6.8.7 Quantum dots in microLED displays 155
  - 6.8.7.1 Technology overview 155
  - 6.8.7.2 QD-based display types 156
  - 6.8.7.3 Quantum dot colour conversion (QDCC) technology for microLEDs 157
  - 6.8.7.4 Efficiency drop and red shift in quantum dot emission for displays 158
  - 6.8.7.5 High blue absorptive quantum dot materials for display 158
  - 6.8.7.6 QD display pixel patterning techniques 159
    - 6.8.7.6.1 Inkjet printing 160
    - 6.8.7.6.2 Photoresists 160
    - 6.8.7.6.3 Aerosol Jet Printing 161
- 6.8.8 Challenges 161
- 6.8.9 Companies 161
6.9 Quantum wells 162
6.10 Improving image quality 162

7 LIGHT MANAGEMENT 165

7.1 Overview 165
7.2 Light capture methods 166
7.3 Micro-catadioptric optical array 167
7.4 Additive manufacturing (AM) for engineered directional emission profiles 168

8 BACKPLANES AND DRIVING 169

8.1 Overview 169
8.2 Technologies and materials 170
- 8.2.1 TFT materials 170
- 8.2.2 OLED Pixel Driving 170
- 8.2.3 TFT Backplane 171
- 8.2.4 Passive and active matrix addressing 171
  - 8.2.4.1 Passive Matrix Addressing 171
  - 8.2.4.2 Passive Driving Structure 172
  - 8.2.4.3 Active Matrix Addressing 172
  - 8.2.4.4 Pulse width modulation (PWM) 175
  - 8.2.4.5 Driving voltage considerations for microLEDs 176
- 8.2.5 RGB Driving Schemes for MicroLED Displays 177
- 8.2.6 Active Matrix MicroLED Displays with LTPS Backplanes 177

9 CONSUMER ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS 179

9.1 Market map 179
9.2 Market adoption roadmap 179
9.3 Large flat panel displays and TVs 180
- 9.3.1 Samsung 181
  - 9.3.1.1 Wall display 181
  - 9.3.1.2 Neo QLED TV range 182
  - 9.3.1.3 MicroLED CX TV line-up 183
- 9.3.2 LG 184
  - 9.3.2.1 MAGNIT MicroLED TV 184
- 9.3.3 TCL CSOT 185
9.4 Smartwatches and wearables 185
- 9.4.1 Apple’s planned microLED smartwatch 187
- 9.4.2 Samsung 187
9.5 Smartphones 187
9.6 Laptops, monitors and tablets 188
9.7 Foldable and stretchable displays 189
- 9.7.1 The global foldable display market 192
- 9.7.2 Applications 193
  - 9.7.2.1 Foldable TVs 193
  - 9.7.2.2 Stretchable microLED touch displays 193
  - 9.7.2.3 Product developers 194

10 BIOTECH AND MEDICAL 195

10.1 The global medical display market 195
10.2 Applications 195
- 10.2.1 Implantable Devices 195
- 10.2.2 Lab-on-a-Chip 196
- 10.2.3 Endoscopy 196
- 10.2.4 Surgical Displays 197
- 10.2.5 Phototherapy 197
- 10.2.6 Biosensing 198
- 10.2.7 Brain Machine Interfaces 199
10.3 Product developers 199

11 AUTOMOTIVE 200

11.1 Global automotive displays market 200
11.2 Applications 201
- 11.2.1 Cabin Displays 204
- 11.2.2 Head-up displays (HUD) 205
- 11.2.3 Exterior Signaling and Lighting 206
11.3 Product developers 207

12 VIRTUAL REALITY (VR), AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) AND MIXED REALITY (MR) 209

12.1 Global market for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) 209
12.2 Applications 210
- 12.2.1 AR/VR Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs) 210
- 12.2.2 MicroLED contact lenses 212
12.3 Products developers 213

13 TRANSPARENT DISPLAYS 217

13.1 Global transparent displays market 217
13.2 Applications 217
13.2.1 Display Glass Overlays 219
13.3 Product developers 221

14 SUPPLY CHAINS 222

15 COMPANY PROFILES 224 (83 company profiles)

16 REFERENCES 325

List of Tables

Table 1. Announced MicroLED fabs. 27
Table 2. Summary of display technologies. 31
Table 3. Advantages of AM microLED micro-displays. 34
Table 4. MicroLED applications. 35
Table 5. Market and technology challenges for microLEDs. 40
Table 6. MicroLED industry developments 2020-2024. 42
Table 7. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2021. 48
Table 8. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2022 and Display Week 2022. 48
Table 9. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2023 and Display Week 2023. 49
Table 10. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2024 and Display Week 2024. 51
Table 11. MicroLED activity in China. 51
Table 12. Global MicroLED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2035. 52
Table 13. LED size definitions. 56
Table 14. Comparison between miniLED and microLED. 59
Table 15. Comparison to conventional LEDs. 60
Table 16. Types of MicroLED. 61
Table 17. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies. 62
Table 18. Summary of different mass transfer technologies. 64
Table 19. MicroLED Comparison to LCD, OLED and QD. 66
Table 20. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED. 67
Table 21. Commercially available MicroLED products and specifications. 67
Table 22. Comparison of MicroLED with other display technologies. 68
Table 23. MicroLED-based display advantages and disadvantages. 68
Table 24. Materials for commercial LED chips. 75
Table 25. Bandgap vs lattice constant for common III-V semiconductors used in LEDs. 76
Table 26. Advantages and disadvantages of MOCVD. 78
Table 27. Typical RGB microLED designs. 81
Table 28. Size dependence of key parameters in microLEDs 84
Table 29. Transfer, assembly and integration technologies. 88
Table 30. Companies utilizing monolithic integration for MicroLEDs. 90
Table 31. Advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous wafers. 93
Table 32. Key players in heterogeneous wafers. 94
Table 33. Fabricating monolithic micro-displays. 94
Table 34. GaN-on-Si applications. 96
Table 35. Different epitaxial growth methods for GaN-on-Silicon. 96
Table 36. Comparison of GaN growth on sapphire vs silicon substrates. 97
Table 37. Cost comparison of sapphire versus silicon substrates for GaN epitaxy 98
Table 38. Challenges of GaN-on-Silicon epitaxy and mitigation strategies. 98
Table 39. Companies utilizing GaN microLEDs on silicon. 99
Table 40. Mass transfer methods, by company. 100
Table 41. Comparison of various mass transfer technologies. 101
Table 42. Factors affecting transfer yield for microLED mass assembly. 104
Table 43. Advantages and disadvantages of Elastomeric stamp for microLED mass transfer. 105
Table 44. Companies utilizing elastomeric stamp transfer. 109
Table 45. Laser beam requirement. 112
Table 46. Companies utilizing laser-enabled transfer technology. 112
Table 47. Companies developing micro-transfer printing technologies. 116
Table 48. Types of self-assembly technologies. 117
Table 49. Companies utilizing self-assembly. 121
Table 50. Advantages and disadvantages of all-in-one CMOS driving technique. 123
Table 51. Companies utilizing All-in-one transfer. 124
Table 52. Comparison between 2D and 3D microLEDs. 126
Table 53. Classification of key microLED bonding and interconnection techniques. 128
Table 54. Types of bonding. 129
Table 55. Strategies for full colour realization. 133
Table 56. Comparison of colour conversion technologies for microLED displays. 134
Table 57. Companies developing stacked RGB microLEDs. 138
Table 58. Phosphor materials used for LED colour conversion. 139
Table 59. Requirements for phosphors in LEDs. 140
Table 60. Standard and emerging red-emitting phosphors. 141
Table 61. Challenges with phosphor colour conversion. 144
Table 62. Companies developing phosphors for MicroLEDs. 144
Table 63. Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs. 149
Table 64. Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED. 150
Table 65. Perovskite-based QD producers. 150
Table 66. Comparison between carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots. 152
Table 67. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs. 153
Table 68. Graphene quantum dots producers. 153
Table 69. QDs vs phosphors. 155
Table 70. QD-based display types. 156
Table 71. Quantum dot (QD) patterning techniques. 159
Table 72. Pros and cons of ink-jet printing for manufacturing displays. 160
Table 73. Challenges with QD colour conversion. 161
Table 74. Companies utilizing quantum dots in MicroLEDs. 161
Table 75. Methods to capture light output. 166
Table 76. Backplane and driving options for MicroLED displays. 169
Table 77. Comparison between PM and AM addressing. 173
Table 78. PAM vs PWM. 175
Table 79. . Driving vs. EQE. 176
Table 80. Comparison of LED TV technologies. 180
Table 81. Samsung Neo QLED TV range. 183
Table 82. LG mini QNED range 184
Table 83. Flexible, stretchable and foldable MicroLED products. 194
Table 84. Medical display MicroLED products. 199
Table 85. Automotive display & backlight architectures 200
Table 86. Applications of MicroLED in automotive. 202
Table 87. Automotive display MicroLED products. 207
Table 88. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines. 210
Table 89. MicroLED based smart glass products. 213
Table 90. MicroLED transparent displays. 217
Table 91. Companies developing MicroLED transparent displays. 221
Table 92. MicroLED supply chain. 222
Table 93. LG mini QNED range 269
Table 94. Samsung Neo QLED TV range. 298
Table 95. San’an Mini and MicroLED Production annual target. 299
Table 96. NPQDTM vs Traditional QD based MicroLEDs. 301
Table 97. TCL MiniLED product range. 311

List of Figures

Figure 1. Blue GaN MicroLED arrays with 3um pixel pitch use polychromatic quantum dot integration to achieve full colour AR displays. 27
Figure 2: QLED TV from Samsung. 30
Figure 3. QD display products. 31
Figure 4. The progress of display technology, from LCD to MicroLED. 33
Figure 5. Head-up displays (HUD). 36
Figure 6. Public advertising displays. 36
Figure 7. Wearable biomedical devices. 37
Figure 8. Pico-projectors. 39
Figure 9. Mojo Vision's 300-mm GaN-on-silicon blue LED wafer for microLED displays. 50
Figure 10. Global MicroLED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2035. 54
Figure 11. Global MicroLED display market 2020-2035, by market (Million USD). 55
Figure 12. MicroLED display panel structure. 57
Figure 13. Display system configurations. 58
Figure 14. MicroLED schematic. 60
Figure 15. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019. 61
Figure 16. Mass transfer for µLED chips. 63
Figure 17. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies. 65
Figure 18. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent MicroLED display. 70
Figure 19. Transition to borderless design. 71
Figure 20. Process for LED Manufacturing. 80
Figure 21. Main application scenarios of microLED display and their characteristic display area and pixel density. 87
Figure 22. Conventional process used to fabricate microLED microdisplay devices. 91
Figure 23. Process flow of Silicon Display of Sharp. 91
Figure 24. JDB monolithic hybrid integration microLED chip fabrication process. 93
Figure 25. Monolithic microLED array. 95
Figure 26. Schematics of a elastomer stamping, b electrostatic/electromagnetic transfer, c laser-assisted transfer and d fluid self-assembly. 102
Figure 27. Transfer process flow. 105
Figure 28. XCeleprint Automated micro-transfer printing machinery. 107
Figure 29. Schematics of Roll-based mass transfer. 110
Figure 30. Schematic of laser-induced forward transfer technology. 111
Figure 31. Schematic of fluid self-assembly technology. 118
Figure 32. Fabrication of microLED chip array. 119
Figure 33. Schematic of colour conversion technology. 135
Figure 34. Process flow of a full-colour micro display. 136
Figure 35. GE inkjet-printed red phosphors. 142
Figure 36. Toray's organic colour conversion film. 144
Figure 37. Quantum dot schematic. 145
Figure 38. Quantum dot size and colour. 146
Figure 39. (a) Emission colour and wavelength of QDs corresponding to their sizes (b) InP QDs; (c) InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-shell QDs. 147
Figure 40. A pQLED device structure. 149
Figure 41. Perovskite quantum dots under UV light. 150
Figure 42. Market map for MicroLED displays. 179
Figure 43. Market adoption roadmap for microLED displays. 180
Figure 44. Samsung Wall display system. 182
Figure 45. Samsung Neo QLED 8K. 183
Figure 46. Samsung Electronics 89-inch microLED TV. 184
Figure 47. MAGNIT MicroLED TV. 185
Figure 48. MicroLED wearable display prototype. 186
Figure 49. APHAEA Watch. 186
Figure 50. AUO's 13.5-inch transparent RGB microLED display. 189
Figure 51. AU Optonics Flexible MicroLED Display. 190
Figure 52. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level MicroLED transferring. 191
Figure 53. 55” flexible AM panel. 192
Figure 54. Foldable 4K C SEED M1. 193
Figure 55. Stretchable 12" microLED touch displays. 194
Figure 56. MicroLEDs for medical applications 199
Figure 57. 2023 Cadillac Lyriq EV incorporating miniLED display. 201
Figure 58. MicroLED automotive display. 202
Figure 59. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD. 205
Figure 60. Rear lamp utilizing flexible MicroLEDs. 207
Figure 61. LAWK ONE. 211
Figure 62. JioGlass. 211
Figure 63. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded MicroLED display. 213
Figure 64. Cellid AR glasses, Exploded version. 213
Figure 65. Air Glass. 214
Figure 66. Panasonic MeganeX. 214
Figure 67. Thunderbird Smart Glasses Pioneer Edition. 214
Figure 68. RayNeo X2. 215
Figure 69. tooz technologies smart glasses. 215
Figure 70. Vuzix MicroLED micro display Smart Glasses. 216
Figure 71. Leopard demo glasses by WaveOptics. 216
Figure 72. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations. 218
Figure 73. 7.56" high transparency & frameless MicroLED display. 220
Figure 74. 17.3-inch transparent microLED AI display in a Taiwan Ferry. 220
Figure 75. WireLED in 12” Silicon Wafer. 225
Figure 76. Typical GaN-on-Si LED structure. 226
Figure 77. 300 mm GaN-on-silicon epiwafer. 227
Figure 78. MicroLED chiplet architecture. 228
Figure 79. Concept Apple Vr Ar Mixed Reality Headset. 229
Figure 80. 1.39-inch full-circle MicroLED display 230
Figure 81. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 231
Figure 82. BOE MiniLED display TV. 233
Figure 83. BOE MiniLED automotive display. 234
Figure 84. Image obtained on a blue active-matrix WVGA (wide video graphics array) micro display. 236
Figure 85. Fabrication of the 10-µm pixel pitch LED array on sapphire. 236
Figure 86. A 200-mm wafer with CMOS active matrices for GaN 873 × 500-pixel micro display at 10-µm pitch. 237
Figure 87. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26″ 1080p MicroLED display. 239
Figure 88. C Seed 165-inch M1 MicroLED TV. 241
Figure 89. N1 folding MicroLED TV. 241
Figure 90. C Seed outdoor TV. 242
Figure 91. Focally Universe AR glasses. 246
Figure 92. Flexible MicroLED. 254
Figure 93. Jade Bird Display micro displays. 257
Figure 94. JBD's 0.13-inch panel. 258
Figure 95. 0.22” Monolithic full colour MicroLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide. 258
Figure 96. Prototype MicroLED display. 260
Figure 97. APHAEA MicroLED watch. 261
Figure 98. KONKA 59" tiled microLED TV prototype screen. 261
Figure 99. Lextar 2021 microLED and mini LED products. 267
Figure 100. LSAB009 MicroLED display. 269
Figure 101. LG MAGNIT 4K 136-inch TV. 270
Figure 102. 12" 100 PPI full-colour stretchable microLED display. 271
Figure 103. Schematic of Micro Nitride chip architecture. 275
Figure 104. Mojo Lens. 277
Figure 105. Nationstar Mini LED IMD Package P0.5mm. 280
Figure 106. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display. 283
Figure 107. 7.56-inch transparent MicroLED display. 284
Figure 108. PixeLED Matrix Modular MicroLED Display in 132-inch. 284
Figure 109. Dashboard - 11.6-inch 24:9 Automotive MicroLED Display. 285
Figure 110. Center Console - 9.38-inch Transparent MicroLED Display. 285
Figure 111. 48 x 36 Passive Matrix MicroLED display. 287
Figure 112. MicroLED micro display based on a native red InGaN LED. 288
Figure 113. MicroLED stretchable display. 295
Figure 114. The Wall. 296
Figure 115. Samsung Neo QLED 8K. 297
Figure 116. NPQD™ Technology for MicroLEDs. 300
Figure 117. Wicop technology. 303
Figure 118. B-Series and C-Series displays. 307
Figure 119. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked MicroLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display/ 309
Figure 120. TCL MiniLED TV schematic. 310
Figure 121. TCL 8K MiniLED TV. 311
Figure 122. The Cinema Wall MicroLED display. 312
Figure 123. Photo-polymer mass transfer process. 313
Figure 124. 7.56” Transparent Display. 315
Figure 125. 7.56" Flexible MicroLED. 316
Figure 126. 5.04" seamless splicing MicroLED. 316
Figure 127. 7.56" Transparent MicroLED. 317
Figure 128. VueReal Flipchip MicroLED (30x15 um2). 321
Figure 129. Vuzix uLED display engine. 322

The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2024-2035

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