May 2021 | 356 pages, 147 tables, 68 figures | Table of contents
There has been a resurgence of industrial interest in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) over the last two years, after producers had previously reduced or abandoned production. LG Chem has recently launched the world's largest MWCNT manufacturing plant in Korea (1,700 tons total). At the end of 2020, Carbice Corporation raised $15 million to develop CNTs for thermal management in electronics. Cabot Corporation acquired Shenzhen Sanshun Nano New Materials Co., Ltd (SUSN) for approximately $115 million.
MWCNTs are mainly used as substitute additives of carbon black in conductive plastics and composites applications and as additives in lithium-ion battery electrodes. MWCNT powders, arrays, sheets, flakes, films and yarns have found applications in semiconductors, power cables, automotive coatings, polymer composites, coatings, aerospace, sensors, heaters, filters and biomedicine.
Report contents include:
- Global production capacities for MWCNTS historical and forecast to 2031.
- Industry activity 2020-2021.
- Market analysis of MWCNTs in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, 3D printing, rubber, automotive and aerospace composites, packaging, electronics, adhesives, thermal management, construction materials, filters, biomedicine, lubricants, oil & gas, paints & coatings, solar cells, sensors, rubber, textiles and cables.
- Analysis of synthesis methods. Analysis of carbon nanotubes synthesis from carbon capture, biomass and recycled materials.
- Profiles of more than 120 companies. Companies profiled include LG Chem, MECHnano, Carbon Nano-material Technology Ltd., Carbice, JEIO Co., Ltd., C2CNT LLC, Huntsman Corporation, NovationSi, Eden Innovations Ltd, Cabot Corporation, Carbice Corporation and many more.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 21
- 1.1 The global market for carbon nanotubes in 2021 22
- 1.1.1 Demand for Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increasing 23
- 1.1.2 Industry developments 2020-2021 23
- 1.2 Exceptional properties 24
- 1.3 Commercial products 24
- 1.3.1 Applications 26
- 1.3.2 Key players 31
- 1.3.3 Production capacities in 2021 32
- 1.3.4 Market demand, metric tons (MT) 33
- 1.4 Carbon nanotubes market challenges 36
2 OVERVIEW OF CARBON NANOTUBES 39
- 2.1 Properties 39
- 2.2 Comparative properties of CNTs 40
3 CARBON NANOTUBE SYNTHESIS AND PRODUCTION 42
4 CARBON NANOTUBES PATENTS 52
5 CARBON NANOTUBES PRICING AND PRICE DRIVERS 54
6 3D PRINTING 58
- 6.1 Market overview 58
- 6.2 Applications 58
- 6.3 Market assessment 59
- 6.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 61
- 6.5 Product developers 62
7 ADHESIVES 63
- 7.1 Market overview 63
- 7.2 Applications 63
- 7.3 Market prospects 64
- 7.4 Market assessment 64
- 7.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 67
- 7.6 Product developers 68
8 AEROSPACE 69
- 8.1 Market overview 69
- 8.2 Applications 70
- 8.3 Market prospects 71
- 8.4 Market assessment 72
- 8.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 73
- 8.6 Product developers 74
9 AUTOMOTIVE 78
- 9.1 Market overview 78
- 9.2 Applications 78
- 9.3 Market prospects 80
- 9.4 Market assessment 80
- 9.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 83
- 9.6 Product developers 84
10 BATTERIES 87
- 10.1 Market overview 87
- 10.2 Applications 87
- 10.2.1 CNTs in electric vehicle batteries 88
- 10.2.2 Nanomaterials in Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries 89
- 10.2.3 Nanomaterials in Sodium-ion batteries 89
- 10.2.4 Nanomaterials in Lithium-air batteries 90
- 10.2.5 Flexible and stretchable batteries in electronics 92
- 10.2.6 Flexible and stretchable LIBs 92
- 10.2.6.1 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries 96
- 10.2.6.2 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries 96
- 10.2.6.3 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries 97
- 10.2.6.4 Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries 98
- 10.3 Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors 98
- 10.3.1 Materials 99
- 10.4 Market prospects 101
- 10.5 Market assessment 101
- 10.6 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 105
- 10.7 Product developers 106
11 COMPOSITES 112
- 11.1 Market overview 112
- 11.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 112
- 11.2.1 Market prospects 113
- 11.2.2 Applications 113
- 11.2.3 Market assessment 115
- 11.3 Metal-matrix composites 120
- 11.3.1 Market assessment 120
- 11.2 Fiber-based polymer composite parts 112
- 11.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 122
- 11.5 Product developers 123
12 CONDUCTIVE INKS 129
- 12.1 Market overview 129
- 12.2 Applications 129
- 12.3 Market prospects 130
- 12.4 Market assessment 131
- 12.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 134
- 12.6 Product developers 135
13 CONSTRUCTION 138
- 13.1 Market overview 138
- 13.2 Market prospects 138
- 13.3 Market assessment 139
- 13.3.1 Cement 139
- 13.3.2 Asphalt bitumen 141
- 13.4 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 142
- 13.5 Product developers 143
14 FILTRATION 145
- 14.1 Market overview 145
- 14.2 Applications 147
- 14.3 Market prospects 147
- 14.4 Market assessment 148
- 14.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 151
- 14.6 Product developers 152
15 FUEL CELLS 155
- 15.1 Market overview 155
- 15.2 Applications 156
- 15.3 Market prospects 156
- 15.4 Market assessment 157
- 15.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 160
- 15.6 Product developers 161
16 LIFE SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 162
- 16.1 Market overview 162
- 16.2 Applications 163
- 16.3 Market prospects 166
- 16.3.1 Drug delivery 166
- 16.3.2 Imaging and diagnostics 166
- 16.3.3 Implants 167
- 16.3.4 Medical biosensors 168
- 16.3.5 Woundcare 168
- 16.4 Market assessment 169
- 16.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 174
- 16.6 Product developers 175
17 LUBRICANTS 181
- 17.1 Market overview 181
- 17.2 Applications 182
- 17.3 Market prospects 183
- 17.4 Market assessment 183
- 17.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 185
- 17.6 Product developers 186
18 OIL AND GAS 188
- 18.1 Market overview 188
- 18.2 Applications 188
- 18.3 Market prospects 189
- 18.4 Market assessment 190
- 18.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 191
- 18.6 Product developers 193
19 PAINTS AND COATINGS 194
- 19.1 Market overview 194
- 19.2 Applications 197
- 19.3 Market prospects 198
- 19.4 Market assessment 199
- 19.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 203
- 19.6 Product developers 205
20 PHOTOVOLTAICS 209
- 20.1 Market overview 209
- 20.2 Applications 210
- 20.3 Market prospects 210
- 20.4 Market assessment 211
- 20.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 213
- 20.6 Product developers 214
21 RUBBER AND TIRES 216
- 21.1 Market overview 216
- 21.2 Applications 216
- 21.3 Market prospects 217
- 21.4 Market assessment 218
- 21.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 221
- 21.6 Product developers 222
22 SENSORS 224
- 22.1 Market overview 224
- 22.2 Applications 225
- 22.3 Market prospects 226
- 22.4 Market assessment 227
- 22.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 229
- 22.6 Product developers 230
23 SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL 234
- 23.1 Market overview 234
- 23.2 Applications 235
- 23.3 Market prospects 236
- 23.4 Market assessment 236
- 23.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 239
- 23.6 Product developers 240
24 SUPERCAPACITORS 242
- 24.1 Market overview 242
- 24.2 Applications 242
- 24.3 Market prospects 243
- 24.4 Market assessment 244
- 24.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031 246
- 24.6 Product developers 247
25 OTHER MARKETS 249
- 25.1 THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS 249
- 25.1.1 Market assessment 249
- 25.2 POWER CABLES 250
- 25.2.1 Market assessment 250
- 25.3 CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVES IN SEMICONDUCTORS 251
- 25.3.1 Market assessment 251
26 COLLABORATIONS 253
- 26.1 Supply and licensing 253
- 26.2 Funding and investment 254
27 COMPANY PROFILES 256 (122 company profiles)
28 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 345
29 REFERENCES 347
Tables
- Table 1. Market summary for carbon nanotubes-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, high volume applications, low volume applications and novel applications. 21
- Table 2. Industry developments in carbon nanotubes 2020-2021. 23
- Table 3. Typical properties of SWCNT and MWCNT. 24
- Table 4. Applications of MWCNTs. 26
- Table 5. Key MWCNT producers. 32
- Table 6. Annual production capacity of the key MWCNT producers in 2021 (MT). 32
- Table 7. MWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 33
- Table 8. Carbon nanotubes market challenges. 36
- Table 9. Properties of carbon nanotubes. 39
- Table 10. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials. 40
- Table 11. Comparison between single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. 41
- Table 12. Comparison of well-established approaches for CNT synthesis. 42
- Table 13. SWCNT synthesis methods. 43
- Table 14. Carbon nanotubes pricing MWCNTS by producer. 55
- Table 15. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 58
- Table 16. Applications of carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 58
- Table 17. Market and applications for carbon nanotubesin 3D printing. 59
- Table 18. Demand for carbon nanotubes in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 61
- Table 19. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in 3D printing. 62
- Table 20. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 63
- Table 21. Applications of carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 63
- Table 22. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 64
- Table 23. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in adhesives. 64
- Table 24. Demand for carbon nanotubes in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 67
- Table 25. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for adhesives. 68
- Table 26. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 69
- Table 27. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in aerospace. 70
- Table 28. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 71
- Table 29. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in aerospace. 72
- Table 30. Demand for carbon nanotubes in aerospace (tons), 2018-2031. 73
- Table 31. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for aerospace. 74
- Table 32. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 78
- Table 33. Applications of carbon nanotubes in automotive. 78
- Table 34. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 80
- Table 35. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in automotive. 80
- Table 36. Demand for carbon nanotubes in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 83
- Table 37. Product developers in carbon nanotubes in the automotive market. 84
- Table 38. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 87
- Table 39. Applications of carbon nanotubes in batteries. 87
- Table 40. Applications in sodium-ion batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 90
- Table 41. Applications in lithium-air batteries, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof. 91
- Table 42. Applications in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 99
- Table 43. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 101
- Table 44. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in batteries. 101
- Table 45: Estimated demand for carbon nanotubes in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 105
- Table 46: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for batteries. 106
- Table 47. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in composites. 112
- Table 48. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 113
- Table 49. Applications of carbon nanotubes in fiber-based polymer composite parts. 113
- Table 50. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fiber-based composite parts. 115
- Table 51. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in metal matrix composites. 121
- Table 52. Global market for carbon nanotubes in composites 2018-2031, tons. 122
- Table 53: Product developers in carbon nanotubes in composites. 123
- Table 54. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 129
- Table 55. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in conductive ink. 129
- Table 56. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 130
- Table 57. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in conductive inks. 131
- Table 58. Comparative properties of conductive inks. 134
- Table 59: Demand for carbon nanotubes in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027. 134
- Table 60. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for conductive inks. 135
- Table 61. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in construction. 138
- Table 62. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in construction. 138
- Table 63. Carbon nanotubes for cement. 139
- Table 64. Carbon nanotubes for asphalt bitumen. 141
- Table 65: Demand for carbon nanotubes in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 142
- Table 66: Carbon nanotubes product developers in construction. 143
- Table 67: Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies 145
- Table 68. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 146
- Table 69. Applications of carbon nanotubes in filtration. 147
- Table 70. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 147
- Table 71. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in filtration. 148
- Table 72. Demand for carbon nanotubes in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 151
- Table 73: Carbon nanotubes companies in filtration. 153
- Table 74. Electrical conductivity of different catalyst supports compared to carbon nanotubes. 155
- Table 75. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 155
- Table 76. Applications of carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 156
- Table 77. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 156
- Table 78. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells. 157
- Table 79: Demand for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 160
- Table 80: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for fuel cells. 161
- Table 81. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medicine. 163
- Table 82. Applications of carbon nanotubes in life sciences and biomedicine 163
- Table 83. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. 166
- Table 84. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in imaging and diagnostics. 166
- Table 85. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in medical implants. 167
- Table 86. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in medical biosensors. 168
- Table 87. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in woundcare. 168
- Table 88. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medicine. 169
- Table 89: Demand for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 174
- Table 90. Product developers in carbon nanotubes for life sciences and biomedicine. 175
- Table 91. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 181
- Table 92. Nanomaterial lubricant products. 181
- Table 93. Applications of carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 182
- Table 94. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 183
- Table 95. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in lubricants. 183
- Table 96: Demand for carbon nanotubes in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 185
- Table 97: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for lubricants. 186
- Table 98. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 188
- Table 99. Applications of carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 188
- Table 100. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 189
- Table 101. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas. 190
- Table 102: Demand for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 191
- Table 103: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for oil and gas. 193
- Table 104. Markets for carbon nanotube coatings. 194
- Table 105. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 196
- Table 106. Applications of carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 197
- Table 107. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 198
- Table 108. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings. 199
- Table 109. Demand for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 203
- Table 110: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for paints and coatings. 205
- Table 111. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 209
- Table 112. Applications of carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 210
- Table 113. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 210
- Table 114. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics. 211
- Table 115: Demand for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 213
- Table 116: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for solar. 214
- Table 117. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 216
- Table 118. Applications of carbon nanomaterials in rubber and tires. 216
- Table 119. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 217
- Table 120. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 218
- Table 121: Demand for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 221
- Table 122: Product developers in carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires. 222
- Table 123. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 225
- Table 124. Applications of carbon nanotubes in sensors. 225
- Table 125. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 226
- Table 126. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in sensors. 227
- Table 127: Demand for carbon nanotubes in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 229
- Table 128: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for sensors. 230
- Table 129: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials. 234
- Table 130. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 235
- Table 131. Applications of carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 235
- Table 132. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 236
- Table 133. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in smart textiles and apparel. 236
- Table 134: Demand for carbon nanotubes in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 239
- Table 135: Carbon nanotubes product developers in smart textiles and apparel. 241
- Table 136. Market overview for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 242
- Table 137. Applications of carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 242
- Table 138. Scorecard for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 243
- Table 139. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors. 244
- Table 140: Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 246
- Table 141: Product developers in carbon nanotubes for supercapacitors. 247
- Table 142. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in thermal interface materials. 249
- Table 143. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in power cables. 250
- Table 144. Market and applications for carbon nanotubes in semiconductor process trays. 251
- Table 145: CNT producers and companies they supply/licence to. 253
- Table 146 . Funding and investments in carbon nanotubes. 254
- Table 147. Properties of carbon nanotube paper. 335
Figures
- Figure 1. Demand for MWCNT by application in 2020. 31
- Figure 2. MWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), 2018-2031. 34
- Figure 3. MWCNT market demand forecast (metric tons), by market, 2018-2031. 36
- Figure 4. Schematic representation of methods used for carbon nanotube synthesis (a) Arc discharge (b) Chemical vapor deposition (c) Laser ablation (d) hydrocarbon flames. 43
- Figure 5. Arc discharge process for CNTs. 44
- Figure 6. Schematic of thermal-CVD method. 45
- Figure 7. Schematic of plasma-CVD method. 45
- Figure 8. CoMoCAT® process. 46
- Figure 9. Schematic for flame synthesis of carbon nanotubes (a) premixed flame (b) counter-flow diffusion flame (c) co-flow diffusion flame (d) inverse diffusion flame. 47
- Figure 10. Schematic of laser ablation synthesis. 47
- Figure 11. MWCNT patents filed 2007-2020. 52
- Figure 12. Demand for carbon nanotubes in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2031. 62
- Figure 13. Demand for carbon nanotubes in adhesives (tons), 2018-2031. 67
- Figure 14. Carbon nanotube Composite Overwrap Pressure Vessel (COPV) developed by NASA. 69
- Figure 15. Demand for carbon nanomaterials in aerospace (tons), 2018-2031. 74
- Figure 16. HeatCoat technology schematic. 75
- Figure 17. Veelo carbon fiber nanotube sheet. 76
- Figure 18. Demand for carbon nanotubes in automotive (tons), 2018-2031. 83
- Figure 19: Schematic of CNTs as heat-dissipation sheets. 84
- Figure 20. Theoretical energy densities of different rechargeable batteries. 91
- Figure 21. Printed 1.5V battery. 92
- Figure 22. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries. 93
- Figure 23. LiBEST flexible battery. 93
- Figure 24. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs. 94
- Figure 25. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs. 94
- Figure 26. Carbon nanotubes incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries. 96
- Figure 27. (A) Schematic overview of a flexible supercapacitor as compared to conventional supercapacitor. 99
- Figure 28. Stretchable graphene supercapacitor. 101
- Figure 29: Demand for carbon nanomaterials in batteries (tons), 2018-2031. 106
- Figure 30. Demand for carbon nanotubes in composites (tons), 2018-2031. 123
- Figure 31. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 125
- Figure 32: Demand for carbon nanotubes in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2031. 135
- Figure 33: Nanotube inks 136
- Figure 34. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete. 139
- Figure 35: Demand for carbon nanotubes in construction (tons), 2018-2031. 142
- Figure 36: Demand for carbon nanotubes in filtration (tons), 2018-2031. 152
- Figure 37: Demand for carbon nanotubes in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2031. 161
- Figure 38. Demand for carbon nanotubes in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2031. 175
- Figure 39: CARESTREAM DRX-Revolution Nano Mobile X-ray System. 176
- Figure 40. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing. 177
- Figure 41: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel. 178
- Figure 42: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor. 178
- Figure 43: Demand for carbon nanotubes in lubricants (tons), 2018-2031. 186
- Figure 44: Demand for carbon nanotubes in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2031. 192
- Figure 45: Demand for carbon nanotubes in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2031. 204
- Figure 46. CSCNT Reinforced Prepreg. 206
- Figure 47: Demand for carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2031. 214
- Figure 48: Suntech/TCNT nanotube frame module 215
- Figure 49: Demand for carbon nanotubes in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2031. 222
- Figure 50: Demand for carbon nanotubes in sensors (tons), 2018-2031. 230
- Figure 51: Demand for carbon nanotubes in textiles (tons), 2018-2031. 240
- Figure 52: Demand for carbon nanotubes in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2031. 246
- Figure 53. Nawa's ultracapacitors. 248
- Figure 54. AWN Nanotech water harvesting prototype. 260
- Figure 55. Carbonics, Inc.’s carbon nanotube technology. 272
- Figure 56. Fuji carbon nanotube products. 281
- Figure 57. Internal structure of carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 282
- Figure 58. Carbon nanotube adhesive sheet. 282
- Figure 59. Cup Stacked Type Carbon Nano Tubes schematic. 285
- Figure 60. CSCNT composite dispersion. 286
- Figure 61. Flexible CNT CMOS integrated circuits with sub-10 nanoseconds stage delays. 289
- Figure 62. Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co. Ltd CNT product. 292
- Figure 63. Test specimens fabricated using MECHnano’s radiation curable resins modified with carbon nanotubes. 299
- Figure 64. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept. 311
- Figure 65. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite. 313
- Figure 66. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production. 314
- Figure 67. TEM images of carbon nanobrush. 315
- Figure 68. CNT film. 317
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