Nanocoatings in the medical industry

In medical facilities it is necessary to equip materials and surfaces with a high level of hygiene using antimicrobial agents to protect them against bacteria and other micro organisms to prevent infections caused by bacteria and contribute significantly to reduce health costs. Challenges in medical device coatings include:

biocompatibility;
coating adhesion;
uniform coverage over challenging shapes;
strength;
durability.

Benefits of nanoscale coatings in this sector include long lasting antimicrobial effect, constant release of the active substance, effectiveness against bacteria and other micro-organisms, no chemical impurities, easy processing, no changes to the characteristics of the equipped material, and no later discolouration of the equipped material. Nanocoatings are already finding application in life sciences & healthcare in enabling anti-bacterial surfaces for medical catheters, added to paints and lacquers used to coat operating tables, door knobs and door handles in hospitals and as ultra-hard porous coatings for surgical and orthopedic implants like screws, plates or joint implants.

The medical market will be a high growth area for nanoscale coatings over the next 5-10 years, and this is reflected in the high number of companies exploiting technology in this area, especially in the anti-microbial domain. The main market driver in this area is the prevention of the spread of deadly infections in medical facilities. Drug-resistant bacteria, the so-called “superbugs,” are a growing problem in hospitals worldwide and poor hygiene among staff is often blamed for the spread of such infections.

Published April 2019 | 184 pages

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………. 18

1.1 Aims and objectives of the study……………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
1.2 Market definition………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
- 1.2.1 Properties of nanomaterials……………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
- 1.2.2 Categorization…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 21

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 22

3.1 High performance coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
3.2 Nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
3.3 Market drivers and trends………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23
3.4 Global market size and opportunity to 2030……………………………………………………………………………….. 25
- 3.4.1 End user market for nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………………. 25
- 3.4.2 Global revenues for nanocoatings 2010-2030…………………………………………………………………….. 28
- 3.4.3 Global revenues for nanocoatings, by market…………………………………………………………………….. 29
  - 3.4.3.1 The market in 2017………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
  - 3.4.3.2 The market in 2018………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
  - 3.4.3.3 The market in 2030………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
- 3.4.4 Global revenues by nanocoatings, by type…………………………………………………………………………. 34
- 3.4.5 Regional demand for nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.5 Market and technical challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………… 41

4 NANOCOATINGS TECHNICAL ANALYSIS………………………………. 42

4.1 Properties of nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
4.2 Benefits of using nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
- 4.2.1 Types of nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
4.3 Production and synthesis methods…………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
4.4 Hydrophobic coatings and surfaces………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
- 4.4.1 Hydrophilic coatings……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
- 4.4.2 Hydrophobic coatings……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
  - 4.4.2.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
4.5 Superhydrophobic coatings and surfaces…………………………………………………………………………………… 56
- 4.5.1 Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
- 4.5.2 Durability issues………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
- 4.5.3 Nanocellulose……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
4.6 Oleophobic and omniphobic coatings and surfaces……………………………………………………………………… 57
- 4.6.1 SLIPS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
- 4.6.2 Covalent bonding…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
- 4.6.3 Step-growth graft polymerization……………………………………………………………………………………… 58
- 4.6.4 Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58

5 NANOMATERIALS USED IN NANOCOATINGS………………………… 60

5.1 GRAPHENE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
5.2 CARBON NANOTUBES………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
5.3 SILICON DIOXIDE/SILICA NANOPARTICLES…………………………………………………………………………… 68
5.4 NANOSILVER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
5.5 TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES…………………………………………………………………………………… 71
5.6 ALUMINIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………………. 77
5.7 ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
5.8 DENDRIMERS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 79
5.9 NANOCELULOSE………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
5.10 NANOCLAYS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88

6 NANOCOATINGS MARKET STRUCTURE……………………………….. 90

7 MEDICAL MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS, BY NANOCOATINGS TYPE………………………………………………………………………………………… 92

7.1 ANTI-BACTERIAL NANOCOATINGS……………………………………………………………………………………….. 93
- 7.1.1 Market drivers and trends………………………………………………………………………………………………. 95
- 7.1.2 Benefits of anti-bacterial nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………… 97
- 7.1.3 Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
- 7.1.4 Global market size……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 101
  - 7.1.4.1 Nanocoatings opportunity………………………………………………………………………………………… 101
  - 7.1.4.2 Global revenues 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………… 102
- 7.1.5 Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 104
7.2 ANTI-FOULING AND EASY-TO-CLEAN NANOCOATINGS…………………………………………………………. 106
- 7.2.1 Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 107
- 7.2.2 Benefits of anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings………………………………………………………. 108
- 7.2.3 Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
- 7.2.4 Global market size……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
  - 7.2.4.1 Nanocoatings opportunity………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
  - 7.2.4.2 Global revenues 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………… 110
- 7.2.5 Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 112
7.3 SELF-CLEANING (BIONIC) NANOCOATINGS…………………………………………………………………………. 113
- 7.3.1 Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 114
- 7.3.2 Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 114
- 7.3.3 Benefits of self-cleaning nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………….. 114
- 7.3.4 Global market size……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 115
  - 7.3.4.1 Nanocoatings opportunity………………………………………………………………………………………… 116
  - 7.3.4.2 Global revenues 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………… 117
- 7.3.5 Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 119
7.4 SELF-CLEANING (PHOTOCATALYTIC) NANOCOATINGS………………………………………………………… 120
- 7.4.1 Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 121
- 7.4.2 Benefits of photocatalytic self-cleaning nanocoatings…………………………………………………………. 121
- 7.4.3 Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
- 7.4.4 Global market size……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
  - 7.4.4.1 Nanocoatings opportunity………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
  - 7.4.4.2 Global revenues 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………… 125
- 7.4.5 Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 126

8 MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS, MEDICAL COATINGS MARKET 129

8.1 Market drivers and trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 130
8.2 Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 131
- 8.2.1 Anti-fouling……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 132
- 8.2.2 Anti-microbial and infection control…………………………………………………………………………………. 132
- 8.2.3 Nanosilver………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 132
- 8.2.4 Medical device coatings……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133
8.3 Global market size………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 134
- 8.3.1 Nanocoatings opportunity…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 134
- 8.3.1.1 Global revenues 2010-2030……………………………………………………………………………………… 135
8.3.2 Companies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 137

9 COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………….. 140-176 (71 COMPANY PROFILES)

10 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 178

TABLES

Table 1: Categorization of nanomaterials……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Table 2: Properties of nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
Table 3. Market drivers and trends in nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………………….. 23
Table 4: End user markets for nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
Table 5: Global revenues for nanocoatings, 2010-2030, millions USD………………………………………………………….. 28
Table 6: Global revenues for nanocoatings, 2017, millions USD, by market…………………………………………………… 29
Table 7: Estimated revenues for nanocoatings, 2018, millions USD, by market………………………………………………. 31
Table 8: Estimated revenues for nanocoatings, 2030, millions USD, by market………………………………………………. 33
Table 9: Global revenues for nanocoatings, 2017, millions USD, by type………………………………………………………. 34
Table 10: Estimated global revenues for nanocoatings, 2018, millions USD, by type………………………………………… 36
Table 11: Estimated revenues for nanocoatings, 2030, millions USD, by type………………………………………………… 38
Table 12: Market and technical challenges for nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………. 41
Table 13: Technology for synthesizing nanocoatings agents………………………………………………………………………. 44
Table 14: Film coatings techniques………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
Table 15: Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces……………… 55
Table 16: Disadvantages of commonly utilized superhydrophobic coating methods…………………………………………. 57
Table 17: Applications of oleophobic & omniphobic coatings………………………………………………………………………. 59
Table 18: Nanomaterials used in nanocoatings and applications…………………………………………………………………. 60
Table 19: Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings……………………………………………………………….. 62
Table 20: Uncoated vs. graphene coated (right) steel wire in corrosive environment solution after 30 days…………… 63
Table 21: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the coatings and paints markets……………………………………………. 81
Table 22: Applications of cellulose nanofibers(CNF)…………………………………………………………………………………. 82
Table 23: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC)…………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
Table 24: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in coatings…………………………………………………… 87
Table 25: Nanocoatings market structure……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90
Table 26: Anti-bacterial nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications……………………… 93
Table 27: Nanomaterials utilized in Anti-bacterial coatings-benefits and applications……………………………………….. 98
Table 28: Anti-bacterial nanocoatings markets and applications………………………………………………………………… 100
Table 29: Market assessmentof Anti-bacterial nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………….. 101
Table 30: Opportunity for Anti-bacterial nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………… 102
Table 31: Revenues for Anti-bacterial nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$………………………………………………………… 103
Table 32: Anti-bacterial nanocoatings product and application developers……………………………………………………. 104
Table 33: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications. 106
Table 34: Market drivers and trends in Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings………………………………………. 107
Table 35: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings markets, applications and potential addressable market…… 109
Table 36: Market assessment for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings……………………………………………… 110
Table 37: Revenues for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$…………………………………… 110
Table 38: Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings product and application developers……………………………… 112
Table 39: Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications…………. 113
Table 40: Market drivers and trends in Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings………………………………………………….. 114
Table 41: Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings-Markets and applications………………………………………………………. 116
Table 42: Market assessment for self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings…………………………………………………………. 116
Table 43: Revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$…………………………………………………………. 117
Table 44: Self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings product and application developers…………………………………………. 119
Table 45: Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications.. 120
Table 46: Market drivers and trends in photocatalytic nanocoatings……………………………………………………………. 121
Table 47: Photocatalytic nanocoatings-Markets, applications and potential addressable market size by 2027………. 124
Table 48: Market assessment for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings……………………………………………….. 124
Table 49: Revenues for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$…………………………………….. 125
Table 50: Self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings product and application developers………………………………. 126
Table 51: Market drivers and trends for nanocoatings in medicine and healthcare…………………………………………. 130
Table 52: Nanocoatings applied in the medical industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 131
Table 53: Types of advanced coatings applied in medical devices and implants……………………………………………. 133
Table 54: Nanomaterials utilized in medical implants………………………………………………………………………………. 133
Table 55: Revenues for nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, 2010-2030, US$………………………………………… 135
Table 56: Medical and healthcare nanocoatings product developers…………………………………………………………… 137

FIGURES

Figure 1: Global revenues for nanocoatings, 2010-2030, millions USD…………………………………………………………. 29
Figure 2: Global market revenues for nanocoatings 2017, millions USD, by market…………………………………………. 30
Figure 3: Markets for nanocoatings 2017, %…………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Figure 4: Estimated market revenues for nanocoatings 2018, millions USD, by market…………………………………….. 32
Figure 5: Estimated market revenues for nanocoatings 2030, millions USD, by market…………………………………….. 33
Figure 6: Markets for nanocoatings 2030, %…………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
Figure 7: Global revenues for nanocoatings, 2017, millions USD, by type……………………………………………………… 35
Figure 8: Markets for nanocoatings 2017, by nanocoatings type, %……………………………………………………………… 35
Figure 9: Estimated global revenues for nanocoatings, 2018, millions USD, by type………………………………………… 37
Figure 10: Market for nanocoatings 2030, by nanocoatings type, US$………………………………………………………….. 39
Figure 11: Market for nanocoatings 2030, by nanocoatings type, %……………………………………………………………… 39
Figure 12: Regional demand for nanocoatings, 2017………………………………………………………………………………… 40
Figure 13: Regional demand for nanocoatings, 2018………………………………………………………………………………… 40
Figure 14: Regional demand for nanocoatings, 2030………………………………………………………………………………… 41
Figure 15: Hydrophobic fluoropolymer nanocoatings on electronic circuit boards…………………………………………….. 43
Figure 16: Nanocoatings synthesis techniques………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
Figure 17: Techniques for constructing superhydrophobic coatings on substrates…………………………………………… 47
Figure 18: Electrospray deposition……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
Figure 19: CVD technique…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49
Figure 20: Schematic of ALD………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
Figure 21: SEM images of different layers of TiO2 nanoparticles in steel surface…………………………………………….. 51
Figure 22: The coating system is applied to the surface.The solvent evaporates…………………………………………….. 53
Figure 23: A first organization takes place where the silicon-containing bonding component (blue dots in figure 2) bonds covalently with the surface and cross-links with neighbouring molecules to form a strong three-dimensional…… 53
Figure 24: During the curing, the compounds or- ganise themselves in a nanoscale monolayer. The fluorine-containing repellent component (red dots in figure 3) on top makes the glass hydro- phobic and oleophobic…………………. 53
Figure 25: (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf………………………………………………………………………………………………. 54
Figure 26: A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°……………………………………………….. 56
Figure 27: Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface……………………………………………………………………. 56
Figure 28: Self-cleaning nanocellulose dishware……………………………………………………………………………………… 57
Figure 29: SLIPS repellent coatings………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
Figure 30: Omniphobic coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
Figure 31: Graphair membrane coating………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62
Figure 32: Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO)…………………………………………………………………………… 64
Figure 33: Conductive graphene coatings for rotor blades………………………………………………………………………….. 64
Figure 34: Water permeation through a brick without (left) and with (right) “graphene paint” coating……………………. 65
Figure 35: Graphene heat transfer coating……………………………………………………………………………………………… 65
Figure 36 Carbon nanotube cable coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
Figure 37 Formation of a protective CNT-based char layer during combustion of a CNT-modified coating…………….. 67
Figure 38: Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating…………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
Figure 39: Anti-fogging nanocoatings on protective eyewear………………………………………………………………………. 69
Figure 40: Silica nanoparticle anti-reflection coating on glass……………………………………………………………………… 70
Figure 41 Anti-bacterials mechanism of silver nanoparticle coating………………………………………………………………. 71
Figure 42: Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles……………………………………… 72
Figure 43: Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface………………………………… 72
Figure 44: Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right)……………………………………………………….. 73
Figure 45: Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation……………………………………………………………………… 74
Figure 46: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement…………………………………………………………………….. 75
Figure 47: Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter……………………………………………………………….. 75
Figure 48: Schematic of photocatalytic water purification…………………………………………………………………………… 76
Figure 49: Types of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
Figure 50: CNF gel……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
Figure 51: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals………………………………………………………………………………………. 83
Figure 52: Extracting CNC from trees……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83
Figure 53: An iridescent biomimetic cellulose multilayer film remains after water that contains cellulose nanocrystals evaporates………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
Figure 54: CNC slurry………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 85
Figure 55: Nanoclays structure. The dimensions of a clay platelet are typically 200-1000 nm in lateral dimension and 1 nm thick……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 88
Figure 56: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocoatings producer…………………………………………. 90
Figure 57 Nanocoatings market by nanocoatings type, 2010-2030, USD………………………………………………………. 93
Figure 58: Market drivers and trends in anti-bacterial nanocoatings……………………………………………………………… 95
Figure 59: Mechanism of microbial inactivation and degradation with anti-microbial PhotoProtect nanocoatings…….. 97
Figure 60: Schematic of silver nanoparticles penetrating bacterial cell membrane…………………………………………… 98
Figure 61: Antibacterial mechanism of nanosilver particles…………………………………………………………………………. 98
Figure 62: Current end user markets for Anti-bacterial nanocoatings, %, based on nanocoatings company sales…. 101
Figure 63: Potential addressable market for Anti-bacterial nanocoatings by 2030………………………………………….. 102
Figure 64: Revenues for Anti-bacterial nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$……………………………………………………….. 104
Figure 65: Anti-fouling treatment for heat-exchangers……………………………………………………………………………… 108
Figure 66: Removal of graffiti after application of nanocoating…………………………………………………………………… 108
Figure 67: Markets for anti-fouling and easy clean nanocoatings, by %……………………………………………………….. 109
Figure 68: Potential addressable market for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings by 2030…………………….. 110
Figure 69: Revenues for anti-fouling and easy-to-clean nanocoatings 2010-2030, millions USD……………………….. 112
Figure 70: Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic…………………………………………………………………… 115
Figure 71: Markets for self-cleaning nanocoatings, %, 2018……………………………………………………………………… 116
Figure 72: Potential addressable market for self-cleaning (bionic) nanocoatings by 2030………………………………… 117
Figure 73: Revenues for self-cleaning nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$………………………………………………………… 119
Figure 74: Principle of superhydrophilicity…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 122
Figure 75: Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement…………………………………………………………………… 122
Figure 76: Tokyo Station GranRoof. The titanium dioxide coating ensures long-lasting whiteness……………………… 123
Figure 77: Markets for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings 2018, %………………………………………………….. 124
Figure 78: Potential addressable market for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings by 2030………………………. 125
Figure 79: Revenues for self-cleaning (photocatalytic) nanocoatings, 2010-2030, US$…………………………………… 126
Figure 80 Nanocoatings market by end user sector, 2010-2030, USD…………………………………………………………. 130
Figure 81: Anti-bacertial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating……………………………………………………………………….. 133
Figure 82: Nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, by coatings type %, 2018……………………………………………… 135
Figure 83: Potential addressable market for nanocoatings in medical & healthcare by 2030…………………………….. 135
Figure 84: Revenues for nanocoatings in medical and healthcare, 2010-2030, US$……………………………………….. 136

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