Nanotechnology Market Research
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35M order for Electronic Warfare Systems from Harris Corporation 1
35M order for Electronic Warfare Systems from Harris Corporation 1

The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices

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Wearables, Flexible and Stretchable Electronics, Sensor,  Displays, Solar Cells, Lighting, Computing and Photonics

The electronics industry will witness further significant change and growth in the next decade driven by:

  • Scaling
  • Growth of mobile wireless devices
  • Huge growth in the Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Development of flexible and stretchable form functions
  • Data, logic and applications moving to the Cloud
  • Ubiquitous electronics.

To meet these market demands, power and functionality needs to improve hugely, while being cost effective, driving demand for nanomaterials that will allow for novel architectures, new types of energy harvesting and sensor integration. As well as allowing for greater power, improved performance and bandwith, decreased size and cost, improved flexibility and better thermal management, the exploitation of nanomaterials allows for new device designs, new package architectures, new network architectures and new manufacturing processes. This will lead to greater device integration and density, and reduced time to market.

Semiconducting inorganic nanowires (NWs), carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nanofibers, quantum dots, graphene and other 2D materials have been extensively explored in recent years as potential building blocks for nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics and photonics components, coatings and devices.

The report covers nanotechnology and nanomaterials related to the following markets and applications:

  • Post-Silicon Materials and Devices
  • Flexible, Stretchable and Printable Electronics
  • Conductive inks
  • Wearable health monitoring
  • Electronic textiles
  • HMI automotive displays
  • Displays
  • Transistors
  • Integrated Circuits
  • Other components
  • Memory Devices
  • Conductive and waterproof electronics coatings
  • Photonics
  • Lighting
  • Solar cells.

Published March 2019 | 510 pages | Table of contents

The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
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The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
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The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
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The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
The Global Market for Nanoelectronics: Materials and Devices
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Price: £1,550.00

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 38

2    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 41

  • 2.1     THE EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONICS……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42
    • 2.1.1       The wearables revolution………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
    • 2.1.2       Flexible, thin, and large-area form factors………………………………………………………………………….. 44
    • 2.1.3       From rigid to flexible and stretchable………………………………………………………………………………… 45
    • 2.1.4       Organic and printed electronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
    • 2.1.5       New conductive materials………………………………………………………………………………………………. 48
  • 2.2     MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
    • 2.2.1       Scaling………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51
    • 2.2.2       Growth of mobile wireless devices…………………………………………………………………………………… 51
    • 2.2.3       Internet of things (IoT)…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
    • 2.2.4       Data, logic and applications moving to the Cloud………………………………………………………………… 52
    • 2.2.5       Ubiquitous electronics…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52
      • 2.2.5.1    ITO replacement for flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………… 53
      • 2.2.5.2    Growth in the wearable electronics market…………………………………………………………………….. 55
      • 2.2.5.3    Growth in wearable health monitoring…………………………………………………………………………… 55
      • 2.2.5.4    Gowth of HMI and display systems in the automotive industry……………………………………………. 56
      • 2.2.5.5    Touch technology requirements………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
    • 2.2.6       Nanomaterials for new device design and architectures………………………………………………………… 56
    • 2.2.7       Carbon and 2D nanomaterials………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
    • 2.2.8       Industrial collaborations…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58

3    NANOMATERIALS………………………………………………………………… 59

  • 3.1     Properties of nanomaterials……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 59
  • 3.2     Categorization…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60

4    NANOMATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS…………………………………….. 62

  • 4.1     ALUMINIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………………. 64
    • 4.1.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
    • 4.1.2       Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
  • 4.2     ANTIMONY TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………….. 65
    • 4.2.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
    • 4.2.2       Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
  • 4.3     MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES…………………………………………………………………………………. 66
    • 4.3.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
    • 4.3.2       Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
  • 4.4     CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS (CP)…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
    • 4.4.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
      • 4.4.1.1    PDMS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 69
      • 4.4.1.2    PEDOT: PSS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
    • 4.4.2       Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
  • 4.5     CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
    • 4.5.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 71
    • 4.5.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
  • 4.6     COPPER INK AND NANOPARTICLES…………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
    • 4.6.1       Silver-coated copper…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
    • 4.6.2       Copper (Cu) nanoparticle ink………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
  • 4.7     GOLD NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74
    • 4.7.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
    • 4.7.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 75
  • 4.8     FULLERENES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75
    • 4.8.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76
    • 4.8.2       Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76
  • 4.9     GRAPHENE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 77
    • 4.9.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 77
    • 4.9.2       Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 78
  • 4.10        IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
    • 4.10.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81
    • 4.10.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
  • 4.11        METAL MESH………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 82
    • 4.11.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 82
    • 4.11.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 84
  • 4.12        NANOCELLULOSE………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
    • 4.12.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
    • 4.12.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 87
      • 4.12.2.1       Nanopaper…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 90
      • 4.12.2.2       Paper memory……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 92
  • 4.13        NANODIAMONDS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 93
    • 4.13.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 93
    • 4.13.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 94
  • 4.14        NANOFIBERS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 95
    • 4.14.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 95
    • 4.14.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 96
  • 4.15        NANOWIRES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 97
    • 4.15.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 97
    • 4.15.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 97
  • 4.16        NICKEL NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 98
    • 4.16.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 98
    • 4.16.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 98
  • 4.17        QUANTUM DOTS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99
    • 4.17.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 99
    • 4.17.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 101
  • 4.18        SILICON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES…………………………………………………………………………………… 104
    • 4.18.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 104
    • 4.18.2     Applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 105
  • 4.19        SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES………………………………………………………………………….. 106
    • 4.19.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 106
    • 4.19.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 107
  • 4.20        SILVER INK (Flake, nanoparticles, nanowires, ion)………………………………………………………………… 108
    • 4.20.1     Silver flake………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 108
    • 4.20.2     Silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink…………………………………………………………………………………………… 108
      • 4.20.2.1       Conductivity……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
    • 4.20.3     Silver nanowires………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 109
    • 4.20.4     Prices………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
      • 4.20.4.1       Cost for printed area…………………………………………………………………………………………… 111
  • 4.21        ZIRCONIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES……………………………………………………………………………… 112
    • 4.21.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 112
    • 4.21.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 112
  • 4.22        GRAPHENE AND CARBON QUANTUM DOTS…………………………………………………………………….. 113
    • 4.22.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 114
    • 4.22.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 115
  • 4.23        YTTRIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES…………………………………………………………………………………. 115
    • 4.23.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
    • 4.23.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 116
  • 4.24        CARBON ONIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
    • 4.24.1     Properties…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 116
    • 4.24.2     Applications in nanoelectronics……………………………………………………………………………………… 117
  • 4.25        2D MATERIALS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 118
    • 4.25.1     Black phosphorus/Phosphorene…………………………………………………………………………………….. 118
      • 4.25.1.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 118
      • 4.25.1.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 119
    • 4.25.2     Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)…………………………………………………………………………………… 120
      • 4.25.2.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 120
      • 4.25.2.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 121
    • 4.25.3     Germanene………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
      • 4.25.3.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 122
      • 4.25.3.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 122
    • 4.25.4     Graphdiyne……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 122
      • 4.25.4.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 123
      • 4.25.4.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 123
    • 4.25.5     Graphane…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 123
      • 4.25.5.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 124
      • 4.25.5.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 124
    • 4.25.6     Hexagonal boron nitride……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
      • 4.25.6.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 125
      • 4.25.6.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 125
    • 4.25.7     Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)……………………………………………………………………………………….. 126
      • 4.25.7.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 126
      • 4.25.7.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 127
    • 4.25.8     Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)…………………………………………………………….. 128
      • 4.25.8.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 129
      • 4.25.8.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 129
    • 4.25.9     Silicene……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129
      • 4.25.9.1       Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 130
      • 4.25.9.2       Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 130
    • 4.25.10        Stanene/tinene………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 131
      • 4.25.10.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 132
      • 4.25.10.2     Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 132
    • 4.25.11        Tungsten diselenide……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133
      • 4.25.11.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 133
      • 4.25.11.2     Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 133
    • 4.25.12        Antimonene………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133
      • 4.25.12.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 134
      • 4.25.12.2     Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 134
    • 4.25.13        Indium selenide……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 134
      • 4.25.13.1     Properties………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 134
      • 4.25.13.2     Applications in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………. 135

5    MARKET ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………. 135

  • 5.1     CONDUCTIVE INKS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 136
    • 5.1.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 136
    • 5.1.2       CONDUCTIVE INK TYPES…………………………………………………………………………………………… 137
    • 5.1.3       PRINTING METHODS………………………………………………………………………………………………… 138
      • 5.1.3.1    Nanoparticle ink…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 141
      • 5.1.4       Sintering…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 141
      • 5.1.5       Conductive Filaments………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 142
      • 5.1.6       Conductive films, foils and grids…………………………………………………………………………………….. 142
      • 5.1.7       Inkjet printing In flexible electronics………………………………………………………………………………… 142
    • 5.1.8       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 142
      • 5.1.8.1    Current products……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 143
      • 5.1.8.2    Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………………. 143
      • 5.1.8.3    RFID…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 147
      • 5.1.8.4    Smart labels………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 149
      • 5.1.8.5    Smart clothing……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 149
      • 5.1.8.6    Printable sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 149
      • 5.1.8.7    Printed batteries…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 150
      • 5.1.8.8    Printable antennas…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 151
      • 5.1.8.9    In-mold electronics…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 152
      • 5.1.8.10       Printed transistors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 153
    • 5.1.9       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 154
    • 5.1.10     COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 156 (112 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.2     WEARABLE NANOELECTRONICS, SENSORS AND ELECTRONIC TEXTILES……………………………… 192
    • 5.2.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 192
    • 5.2.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 194
      • 5.2.2.1    Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 195
      • 5.2.2.2    Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………………. 196
      • 5.2.2.3    Transparent conductive films…………………………………………………………………………………….. 197
      • 5.2.2.4    Carbon nanotubes (SWNT)………………………………………………………………………………………. 200
      • 5.2.2.5    Double-walled carbon nanotubes………………………………………………………………………………. 201
      • 5.2.2.6    Graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 201
      • 5.2.2.7    Silver nanowires…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 202
      • 5.2.2.8    Nanocellulose……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 203
      • 5.2.2.9    Copper nanowires………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 205
      • 5.2.2.10       Nanofibers……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 206
      • 5.2.2.11       Wearable sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
      • 5.2.2.12       Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………….. 208
      • 5.2.2.13       Wearable gas sensors………………………………………………………………………………………… 212
      • 5.2.2.14       Wearable strain sensors……………………………………………………………………………………… 212
      • 5.2.2.15       Wearable tactile sensors……………………………………………………………………………………… 212
      • 5.2.2.16       Industrial monitoring…………………………………………………………………………………………… 213
      • 5.2.2.17       Military…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 213
    • 5.2.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 214
      • 5.2.3.1    Transparent conductive electrodes…………………………………………………………………………….. 215
    • 5.2.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 216 (65 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.3     MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE ELECTRONIC TEXTILES AND WEARABLES………………………………… 238
    • 5.3.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 238
    • 5.3.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 240
      • 5.3.2.1    Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 240
      • 5.3.2.2    Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………………. 244
      • 5.3.2.3    Printable, flexible and stretchable health monitors…………………………………………………………. 245
    • 5.3.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 253
    • 5.3.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 255 (41 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.4     ELECTRONIC TEXTILES AND APPAREL……………………………………………………………………………….. 268
    • 5.4.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 268
    • 5.4.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 269
      • 5.4.2.1    Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 269
      • 5.4.2.2    Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………………. 270
    • 5.4.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 279
    • 5.4.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 281 (38 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.5     ENERGY HARVESTING TEXTILES……………………………………………………………………………………….. 292
    • 5.5.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 292
    • 5.5.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 293
      • 5.5.2.1    Current state of the art…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 293
      • 5.5.2.2    Advanced materials solutions……………………………………………………………………………………. 296
    • 5.5.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 302
    • 5.5.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 304 (21 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.6     HDTVS AND OTHER DISPLAYS…………………………………………………………………………………………… 311
    • 5.6.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 311
    • 5.6.2       APPLICATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 313
      • 5.6.2.1    Transparent electrodes……………………………………………………………………………………………. 313
      • 5.6.2.2    Automotive HMI and displays……………………………………………………………………………………. 315
      • 5.6.2.3    Quantum dot displays……………………………………………………………………………………………… 316
      • 5.6.2.4    LCDS vs. OLEDs vs. QD-LCDs/QLEDs………………………………………………………………………. 316
      • 5.6.2.5    QD-LCD TVs/QLEDs………………………………………………………………………………………………. 318
      • 5.6.2.6    Micro-LEDs…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 318
      • 5.6.2.7    Synthesis and manufacturing……………………………………………………………………………………. 319
      • 5.6.2.8    On-edge (edge optic)………………………………………………………………………………………………. 323
      • 5.6.2.9    On-surface (film)……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 323
      • 5.6.2.10       QD colour filter (QDF)…………………………………………………………………………………………. 323
      • 5.6.2.11       On-chip……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 324
      • 5.6.2.12       Active Matrix Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode (AMQLED)………………………………………… 324
      • 5.6.2.13       QD Glass LGP………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 324
      • 5.6.2.14       Quantum dot/OLED hybrid…………………………………………………………………………………… 325
      • 5.6.2.15       Quantum rods…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 326
      • 5.6.2.16       Quantum converters with red phosphors…………………………………………………………………. 326
      • 5.6.2.17       Electroluminescent (EL)QD displays………………………………………………………………………. 327
      • 5.6.2.18       Flexible displays………………………………………………………………………………………………… 327
    • 5.6.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 334
      • 5.6.3.1    OLED market………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 334
      • 5.6.3.2    QD-TV unit sales 2016-2030…………………………………………………………………………………….. 334
      • 5.6.3.3    QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2030………………………………………………………………………………. 335
    • 5.6.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 336 (53 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.7     TRANSISTORS, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND OTHER COMPONENTS……………………………………… 357
    • 5.7.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 357
    • 5.7.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 360
      • 5.7.2.1    Nanowires……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 362
      • 5.7.2.2    Carbon nanotubes………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 364
      • 5.7.2.3    Graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 366
      • 5.7.2.4    Other 2D Materials…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 368
      • 5.7.2.5    Quantum dots……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 368
    • 5.7.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE ……………………………………………………………………………… 369
    • 5.7.5       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 373 (20 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.8     MEMORY DEVICES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 381
    • 5.8.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 381
    • 5.8.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 382
      • 5.8.2.1    Graphene and other 2D materials………………………………………………………………………………. 385
      • 5.8.2.2    Magnetic nanoparticles……………………………………………………………………………………………. 387
    • 5.8.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………… 387
    • 5.8.4       MARKET CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………………………… 388
    • 5.8.5       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 389 (10 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.9     ELECTRONICS COATINGS…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 394
  • 5.9.1       MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 394
  • 5.9.2       APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 399
    • 5.9.2.1    Waterproof nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………………. 401
    • 5.9.2.2    Anti-fingerprint nanocoatings…………………………………………………………………………………….. 402
    • 5.9.2.3    Anti-reflection nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………………… 404
  • 5.9.3       GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 405
  • 5.9.4       COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 408 (25 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.10        SOLAR………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 418
    • 5.10.1     MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 419
    • 5.10.2     APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 420
      • 5.10.2.1       ITO replacement………………………………………………………………………………………………… 420
      • 5.10.2.2       Nanomaterials in solar cells………………………………………………………………………………….. 421
      • 5.10.2.3       Nanocrystalline thin-film layers……………………………………………………………………………… 422
      • 5.10.2.4       TiO2 nanoparticles in dye solar cells………………………………………………………………………. 422
      • 5.10.2.5       Fullerenes………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 423
      • 5.10.2.6       Graphene…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 424
      • 5.10.2.7       Nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 426
      • 5.10.2.8       Quantum wells………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 426
      • 5.10.2.9       Metal nanoparticle plasmonic solar cells………………………………………………………………….. 427
      • 5.10.2.10     Polymer-nanowire based hybrid solar cell……………………………………………………………….. 428
      • 5.10.2.11     Quantum dots…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 428
    • 5.10.3     GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 432
    • 5.10.4     COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 434 (40 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.11        LIGHTING…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 436
    • 5.11.1     MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 436
    • 5.11.2     APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 439
      • 5.11.2.1       LED lighting……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 439
      • 5.11.2.2       Horticultural lighting……………………………………………………………………………………………. 441
      • 5.11.2.3       Flexible OLED lighting………………………………………………………………………………………… 441
      • 5.11.2.4       Quantum dot lighting…………………………………………………………………………………………… 442
    • 5.11.3     GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 443
    • 5.11.4     COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 445 (20 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.12        PHOTONICS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 448 
  • 5.12.1     MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 448
  • 5.12.2     APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 448
    • 5.12.2.1       Si photonics versus graphene………………………………………………………………………………. 449
    • 5.12.2.2       Optical modulators……………………………………………………………………………………………… 450
    • 5.12.2.3       Photodetectors………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 450
    • 5.12.2.4       Plasmonics………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 452
    • 5.12.2.5       Fiber lasers………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 452
  • 5.12.3     GLOBAL MARKET SIZE……………………………………………………………………………………………… 453
  • 5.12.4     COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 454 (15 COMPANY PROFILES)
  • 5.13        SENSORS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 460
    • 5.13.1     MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS………………………………………………………………………………… 460
    • 5.13.2     APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 462
      • 5.13.2.1       Gas sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 464
      • 5.13.2.2       Infrared (IR) sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………… 465
      • 5.13.2.3       Electrochemical and gas sensors………………………………………………………………………….. 466
      • 5.13.2.4       Pressure sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………. 467
      • 5.13.2.5       Biosensors……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 467
      • 5.13.2.6       Optical sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 470
      • 5.13.2.7       Humidity sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 470
      • 5.13.2.8       Strain sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 471
      • 5.13.2.9       Acoustic sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 471
      • 5.13.2.10     Wireless sensors……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 471
      • 5.13.2.11     Surface enhanced Raman scattering……………………………………………………………………… 471
      • 5.13.2.12     Image sensors…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 472
    • 5.13.3     GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND………………………………………………………………………………………. 472
    • 5.13.4     COMPANY PROFILES………………………………………………………………………………………………… 473 (30 COMPANY PROFILES)

6    REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 477

TABLES

  • Figure 1: Evolution of electronics………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
  • Figure 2: Wove Band…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
  • Figure 3: Wearable graphene medical sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………. 48
  • Figure 4: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics……………………………………………………………….. 49
  • Figure 5: A large transparent conductive graphene film (about 20 × 20 cm2) manufactured by 2D Carbon Tech. Figure 24a (right): Prototype of a mobile phone produced by 2D Carbon Tech using a graphene touch panel…………… 56
  • Figure 6: The Tesla S’s touchscreen interface…………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
  • Figure 7: Copper based inks on flexible substrate…………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
  • Figure 8: Graphene layer structure schematic…………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
  • Figure 9: Flexible graphene touch screen………………………………………………………………………………………………. 80
  • Figure 10: Foldable graphene E-paper………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81
  • Figure 11: Large-area metal mesh touch panel……………………………………………………………………………………….. 84
  • Figure 12: Hierarchical Structure of Wood Biomass………………………………………………………………………………….. 86
  • Figure 13: Types of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 87
  • Figure 14:  Cellulose nanofiber films……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 89
  • Figure 15: Electronics markets and applications of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………… 89
  • Figure 16: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF………………………………………………………. 90
  • Figure 17: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper……………………………………………………………………………………. 91
  • Figure 18: Foldable nanopaper……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 92
  • Figure 19: Foldable nanopaper antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
  • Figure 20: Paper memory (ReRAM)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 93
  • Figure 21: Quantum dot……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 101
  • Figure 22: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band. 101
  • Figure 23: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots…………………………………………………………………. 104
  • Figure 24: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube…………………………………………………………………………… 107
  • Figure 25: Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics…………………………………………. 108
  • Figure 26: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components……………. 110
  • Figure 27: Flexible silver nanowire wearable mesh…………………………………………………………………………………. 112
  • Figure 28: Applications of yttrium oxide nanoparticles……………………………………………………………………………… 117
  • Figure 29: TEM image of carbon onion………………………………………………………………………………………………… 118
  • Figure 30: Black phosphorus structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119
  • Figure 31: Black Phosphorus crystal……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 120
  • Figure 32: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation… 121
  • Figure 33: Graphitic carbon nitride………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
  • Figure 34: Schematic of germanene……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 122
  • Figure 35: Graphdiyne structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
  • Figure 36: Schematic of Graphane crystal…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 125
  • Figure 37: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride……………………………………………………………………………………… 126
  • Figure 38: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide……………………………………………………………………………………. 127
  • Figure 39: SEM image of MoS2………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 128
  • Figure 40: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor………………………………….. 128
  • Figure 41: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 129
  • Figure 42: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide……………………………………………………………………… 130
  • Figure 43: Silicene structure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 131
  • Figure 44: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate…………………………………………………………………………. 131
  • Figure 45: Silicene transistor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 132
  • Figure 46: Crystal structure for stanene……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 133
  • Figure 47: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)………………………………………………………… 133
  • Figure 48: Schematic of tungsten diselenide…………………………………………………………………………………………. 134
  • Figure 49: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)…………………………………………………………………………………….. 135
  • Figure 50: BGT Materials graphene ink product……………………………………………………………………………………… 148
  • Figure 51: Flexible RFID tag………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 149
  • Figure 52: Enfucell Printed Battery……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152
  • Figure 53: Graphene printed antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 152
  • Figure 54: Printed antennas for aircraft………………………………………………………………………………………………… 153
  • Figure 55: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics…………………………………………………………… 153
  • Figure 56: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive……………………………………………. 154
  • Figure 57: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs………………………………………………………………………………….. 154
  • Figure 58: Conductive inks in the wearable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types. 156
  • Figure 59: Covestro wearables…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 197
  • Figure 60: Royole flexible display……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 198
  • Figure 61: Panasonic CNT stretchable Resin Film………………………………………………………………………………….. 200
  • Figure 62: Bending durability of Ag nanowires……………………………………………………………………………………….. 204
  • Figure 63: NFC computer chip……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 205
  • Figure 64: NFC translucent diffuser schematic………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
  • Figure 65: Softceptor sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 207
  • Figure 66: BeBop Media Arm Controller……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 208
  • Figure 67: LG Innotek flexible textile pressure sensor……………………………………………………………………………… 208
  • Figure 68: C2Sense flexible sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 209
  • Figure 69: <hitoe> nanofiber conductive shirt original design(top) and current design (bottom)…………………………. 210
  • Figure 70: Garment-based printable electrodes……………………………………………………………………………………… 211
  • Figure 71: Wearable gas sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 213
  • Figure 72: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves………………………………………………………………………….. 214
  • Figure 73: BeBop Sensors Smart Helmet Sensor System………………………………………………………………………… 214
  • Figure 74: Torso and Extremities Protection (TEP) system……………………………………………………………………….. 215
  • Figure 75: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $. Figures do not include medical smart wearables and textiles and smart glasses………………………………………………………………………………. 216
  • Figure 76: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $…….. 217
  • Figure 77: BITalino systems………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 224
  • Figure 78: Connected human body……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 241
  • Figure 79: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor………………………………………………………………………………… 242
  • Figure 80: Prototype ECG sensor patch……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 245
  • Figure 81: Graphene-based E-skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………………… 246
  • Figure 82: Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration…………………………………………………. 247
  • Figure 83: Smart mouth guard……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 248
  • Figure 84: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs………….. 249
  • Figure 85: Graphene medical patch…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 249
  • Figure 86: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer…………………………………………………………………………….. 250
  • Figure 87: Mimo baby monitor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 250
  • Figure 88: Nanowire skin hydration patch……………………………………………………………………………………………… 251
  • Figure 89: Wearable sweat sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 251
  • Figure 90: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor………………………………………………………………………………………. 252
  • Figure 91: My UV Patch……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 253
  • Figure 92: Overview layers of L’Oreal skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………. 254
  • Figure 93: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $……………….. 255
  • Figure 94: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $……………….. 255
  • Figure 95: Omniphobic-coated fabric…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 272
  • Figure 96: Conductive yarns………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 276
  • Figure 97: Work out shirt incorporating ECG sensors, flexible lights and heating elements………………………………. 278
  • Figure 98:  BeBop Sensors Smart Helmet Sensor System……………………………………………………………………….. 279
  • Figure 99: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper…………………………………………………………………………………… 279
  • Figure 100: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market 2013-2027 revenue forecast (million $)…. 280
  • Figure 101 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment, 2016…………………….. 281
  • Figure 102: Energy harvesting textile…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 294
  • Figure 103: StretchSense Energy Harvesting Kit……………………………………………………………………………………. 295
  • Figure 104: LG Chem Heaxagonal battery……………………………………………………………………………………………. 296
  • Figure 105: Printed 1.5V battery…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 297
  • Figure 106: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries…………………………………………………. 298
  • Figure 107: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………… 299
  • Figure 108: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper……………………………………………………………………………….. 301
  • Figure 109: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2015, by market……………………………………………. 304
  • Figure 110: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2027, by market……………………………………………. 305
  • Figure 111: Samsung QD-LCD TVs, UHD range……………………………………………………………………………………. 312
  • Figure 112: Samsung QLED TV range…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 313
  • Figure 113: Graphene-enabled bendable smartphone…………………………………………………………………………….. 314
  • Figure 114: 3D printed carbon nanotube sensor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 315
  • Figure 115: Bosch automotive touchscreen with haptic feedback……………………………………………………………….. 316
  • Figure 116: Canatu’s CNB™ touch sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………. 317
  • Figure 117: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic…………………………………………………………………………….. 319
  • Figure 118: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots……………………………………… 320
  • Figure 119: Methods for integrating QDs into LCD System. (a) On-chip (b) On-edge. (c) On-surface…………………. 323
  • Figure 120: On-edge configuration……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 324
  • Figure 121: QD-film integration into a standard LCD display……………………………………………………………………… 324
  • Figure 122: Inkjet-printed pattern on a QDCF………………………………………………………………………………………… 325
  • Figure 123: Samsung 8K 65″ QD Glass……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 326
  • Figure 124: Schematic of Quantum Dot on Glass…………………………………………………………………………………… 326
  • Figure 125: QD/OLED hybrid  schematic………………………………………………………………………………………………. 327
  • Figure 126: LCD using Quantum rods (right) versus a standard LCD………………………………………………………….. 327
  • Figure 127: Quantum phosphor schematic in LED TV backlight…………………………………………………………………. 328
  • Figure 128: The Wall microLED display……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 328
  • Figure 129:  Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 329
  • Figure 130: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi)……………………………………………………………………… 330
  • Figure 131: Flexible LCD………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 330
  • Figure 132: “Full ActiveTM Flex”…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 331
  • Figure 133: FOLED schematic…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 332
  • Figure 134: Foldable display……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 332
  • Figure 135: Stretchable AMOLED……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 333
  • Figure 136: LGD 12.3” FHD Automotive OLED………………………………………………………………………………………. 333
  • Figure 137: LECTUM® display…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 334
  • Figure 138: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots……………………………………………………………….. 334
  • Figure 139: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2030, conservative estimates……………………………………………………………… 335
  • Figure 140: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2030, optimistic estimates………………………………………………………………….. 336
  • Figure 141: QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2030……………………………………………………………………………………….. 337
  • Figure 142: Transistor architecture trend chart………………………………………………………………………………………. 359
  • Figure 143: CMOS Technology Roadmap…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 360
  • Figure 144: Emerging logic devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 363
  • Figure 145: Figure 38: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs…………………………………………………………………… 366
  • Figure 146: Graphene IC in wafer tester………………………………………………………………………………………………. 368
  • Figure 147: Emerging logic devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 371
  • Figure 148: Schematic of NRAM cell…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 386
  • Figure 149: A schematic diagram for the mechanism of the resistive switching in metal/GO/Pt…………………………. 387
  • Figure 150: Phone coated in WaterBlock submerged in water tank…………………………………………………………….. 397
  • Figure 151: Demo solar panels coated with nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………… 400
  • Figure 152:  Schematic of barrier nanoparticles deposited on flexible substrates…………………………………………… 402
  • Figure 153: Schematic of anti-fingerprint nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………. 404
  • Figure 154: Toray anti-fingerprint film (left) and an existing lipophilic film (right)…………………………………………….. 405
  • Figure 155: Schematic of AR coating utilizing nanoporous coating……………………………………………………………… 406
  • Figure 156: Schematic of KhepriCoat®. Image credit: DSM………………………………………………………………………. 407
  • Figure 157: Nanocoating submerged in water………………………………………………………………………………………… 409
  • Figure 158: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode…………………………………………………………………… 422
  • Figure 159: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper……………………………………………………………………………….. 426
  • Figure 160: (a) Schematic of Schottky barrier quantum dots based solar cell………………………………………………… 430
  • Figure 161:  Schematic of QD Solar Cell………………………………………………………………………………………………. 431
  • Figure 162: Doped quantum dot LSC…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 431
  • Figure 163: QD coated solar windows………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 432
  • Figure 164: A layer of highly emissive manganese-doped quantum dots onto the outside surface of the outer glass pane (top layer on the left image below) and a layer of copper indium selenide quantum dots onto the inner surface of the inside (bottom) pane………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 433
  • Figure 165: QDSSC Module………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 433
  • Figure 166: Total QD photovoltaics component revenues 2013-2030 ($100,000s), conservative and optimistic estimates………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 435
  • Figure 167: Fourth generation QD-LEDs………………………………………………………………………………………………. 441
  • Figure 168: LG OLED flexible lighting panel………………………………………………………………………………………….. 443
  • Figure 169: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight……………………………………………………………… 443
  • Figure 170: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots……………………………………………………………….. 444
  • Figure 171: Total nanotechnology lighting component revenues 2013-2027 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 446
  • Figure 172: Hybrid graphene phototransistors……………………………………………………………………………………….. 452
  • Figure 173: Schematic of QD laser device…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 454
  • Figure 174: GFET sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 467
  • Figure 175: First generation point of care diagnostics……………………………………………………………………………… 469
  • Figure 176: Graphene Field Effect Transistor Schematic………………………………………………………………………….. 470

 

FIGURES

  • Figure 1: Evolution of electronics………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
  • Figure 2: Wove Band…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
  • Figure 3: Wearable graphene medical sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
  • Figure 4: Applications timeline for organic and printed electronics……………………………………………………………….. 48
  • Figure 5: A large transparent conductive graphene film (about 20 × 20 cm2) manufactured by 2D Carbon Tech. Figure 24a (right): Prototype of a mobile phone produced by 2D Carbon Tech using a graphene touch panel…………… 55
  • Figure 6: The Tesla S’s touchscreen interface…………………………………………………………………………………………. 56
  • Figure 7: Copper based inks on flexible substrate…………………………………………………………………………………….. 73
  • Figure 8: Graphene layer structure schematic…………………………………………………………………………………………. 78
  • Figure 9: Flexible graphene touch screen………………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
  • Figure 10: Foldable graphene E-paper………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 80
  • Figure 11: Large-area metal mesh touch panel……………………………………………………………………………………….. 83
  • Figure 12: Hierarchical Structure of Wood Biomass………………………………………………………………………………….. 85
  • Figure 13: Types of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
  • Figure 14:  Cellulose nanofiber films……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 88
  • Figure 15: Electronics markets and applications of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………… 88
  • Figure 16: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF………………………………………………………. 89
  • Figure 17: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper……………………………………………………………………………………. 90
  • Figure 18: Foldable nanopaper……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 91
  • Figure 19: Foldable nanopaper antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………… 91
  • Figure 20: Paper memory (ReRAM)……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
  • Figure 21: Quantum dot……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 100
  • Figure 22: The light-blue curve represents a typical spectrum from a conventional white-LED LCD TV. With quantum dots, the spectrum is tunable to any colours of red, green, and blue, and each Color is limited to a narrow band. 100
  • Figure 23: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots…………………………………………………………………. 103
  • Figure 24: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube…………………………………………………………………………… 106
  • Figure 25: Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics…………………………………………. 107
  • Figure 26: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components……………. 109
  • Figure 27: Flexible silver nanowire wearable mesh…………………………………………………………………………………. 111
  • Figure 28: Applications of yttrium oxide nanoparticles……………………………………………………………………………… 116
  • Figure 29: TEM image of carbon onion………………………………………………………………………………………………… 117
  • Figure 30: Black phosphorus structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 118
  • Figure 31: Black Phosphorus crystal……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 119
  • Figure 32: Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation… 120
  • Figure 33: Graphitic carbon nitride………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
  • Figure 34: Schematic of germanene……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 121
  • Figure 35: Graphdiyne structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 123
  • Figure 36: Schematic of Graphane crystal…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 124
  • Figure 37: Structure of hexagonal boron nitride……………………………………………………………………………………… 125
  • Figure 38: Structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide……………………………………………………………………………………. 126
  • Figure 39: SEM image of MoS2………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 127
  • Figure 40: Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor………………………………….. 127
  • Figure 41: Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 128
  • Figure 42: Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulphide……………………………………………………………………… 129
  • Figure 43: Silicene structure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 130
  • Figure 44: Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate…………………………………………………………………………. 130
  • Figure 45: Silicene transistor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 131
  • Figure 46: Crystal structure for stanene……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 132
  • Figure 47: Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)………………………………………………………… 132
  • Figure 48: Schematic of tungsten diselenide…………………………………………………………………………………………. 133
  • Figure 49: Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)…………………………………………………………………………………….. 134
  • Figure 50: BGT Materials graphene ink product……………………………………………………………………………………… 147
  • Figure 51: Flexible RFID tag………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 148
  • Figure 52: Enfucell Printed Battery……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 151
  • Figure 53: Graphene printed antenna………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 151
  • Figure 54: Printed antennas for aircraft………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152
  • Figure 55: Stretchable material for formed an in-molded electronics…………………………………………………………… 152
  • Figure 56: Wearable patch with a skin-compatible, pressure-sensitive adhesive……………………………………………. 153
  • Figure 57: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs………………………………………………………………………………….. 153
  • Figure 58: Conductive inks in the wearable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types. 155
  • Figure 59: Covestro wearables…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 196
  • Figure 60: Royole flexible display……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 197
  • Figure 61: Panasonic CNT stretchable Resin Film………………………………………………………………………………….. 199
  • Figure 62: Bending durability of Ag nanowires……………………………………………………………………………………….. 203
  • Figure 63: NFC computer chip……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 204
  • Figure 64: NFC translucent diffuser schematic………………………………………………………………………………………. 205
  • Figure 65: Softceptor sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 206
  • Figure 66: BeBop Media Arm Controller……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 207
  • Figure 67: LG Innotek flexible textile pressure sensor……………………………………………………………………………… 207
  • Figure 68: C2Sense flexible sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 208
  • Figure 69: <hitoe> nanofiber conductive shirt original design(top) and current design (bottom)…………………………. 209
  • Figure 70: Garment-based printable electrodes……………………………………………………………………………………… 210
  • Figure 71: Wearable gas sensor…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 212
  • Figure 72: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves………………………………………………………………………….. 213
  • Figure 73: BeBop Sensors Smart Helmet Sensor System………………………………………………………………………… 213
  • Figure 74: Torso and Extremities Protection (TEP) system……………………………………………………………………….. 214
  • Figure 75: Global market for wearable electronics, 2015-2027, by application, billions $. Figures do not include medical smart wearables and textiles and smart glasses………………………………………………………………………………. 215
  • Figure 76: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $…….. 216
  • Figure 77: BITalino systems………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 223
  • Figure 78: Connected human body……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 240
  • Figure 79: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor………………………………………………………………………………… 241
  • Figure 80: Prototype ECG sensor patch……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 244
  • Figure 81: Graphene-based E-skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………………… 245
  • Figure 82: Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration…………………………………………………. 246
  • Figure 83: Smart mouth guard……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247
  • Figure 84: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs………….. 248
  • Figure 85: Graphene medical patch…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 248
  • Figure 86: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer…………………………………………………………………………….. 249
  • Figure 87: Mimo baby monitor……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 249
  • Figure 88: Nanowire skin hydration patch……………………………………………………………………………………………… 250
  • Figure 89: Wearable sweat sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 250
  • Figure 90: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor………………………………………………………………………………………. 251
  • Figure 91: My UV Patch……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 252
  • Figure 92: Overview layers of L’Oreal skin patch……………………………………………………………………………………. 253
  • Figure 93: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $……………….. 254
  • Figure 94: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $……………….. 254
  • Figure 95: Omniphobic-coated fabric…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 271
  • Figure 96: Conductive yarns………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 275
  • Figure 97: Work out shirt incorporating ECG sensors, flexible lights and heating elements………………………………. 277
  • Figure 98:  BeBop Sensors Smart Helmet Sensor System……………………………………………………………………….. 278
  • Figure 99: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper…………………………………………………………………………………… 278
  • Figure 100: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market 2013-2027 revenue forecast (million $)…. 279
  • Figure 101 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment, 2016…………………….. 280
  • Figure 102: Energy harvesting textile…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 293
  • Figure 103: StretchSense Energy Harvesting Kit……………………………………………………………………………………. 294
  • Figure 104: LG Chem Heaxagonal battery……………………………………………………………………………………………. 295
  • Figure 105: Printed 1.5V battery…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 296
  • Figure 106: Energy densities and specific energy of rechargeable batteries…………………………………………………. 297
  • Figure 107: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor…………………………………………………………………………………… 298
  • Figure 108: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper……………………………………………………………………………….. 300
  • Figure 109: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2015, by market……………………………………………. 303
  • Figure 110: Demand for thin film, flexible and printed batteries 2027, by market……………………………………………. 304
  • Figure 111: Samsung QD-LCD TVs, UHD range……………………………………………………………………………………. 311
  • Figure 112: Samsung QLED TV range…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 312
  • Figure 113: Graphene-enabled bendable smartphone…………………………………………………………………………….. 313
  • Figure 114: 3D printed carbon nanotube sensor…………………………………………………………………………………….. 314
  • Figure 115: Bosch automotive touchscreen with haptic feedback……………………………………………………………….. 315
  • Figure 116: Canatu’s CNB™ touch sensor……………………………………………………………………………………………. 316
  • Figure 117: Quantum dot LED backlighting schematic…………………………………………………………………………….. 318
  • Figure 118: Individual red, green and blue microLED arrays based on quantum dots……………………………………… 319
  • Figure 119: Methods for integrating QDs into LCD System. (a) On-chip (b) On-edge. (c) On-surface…………………. 322
  • Figure 120: On-edge configuration……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 323
  • Figure 121: QD-film integration into a standard LCD display……………………………………………………………………… 323
  • Figure 122: Inkjet-printed pattern on a QDCF………………………………………………………………………………………… 324
  • Figure 123: Samsung 8K 65″ QD Glass……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 325
  • Figure 124: Schematic of Quantum Dot on Glass…………………………………………………………………………………… 325
  • Figure 125: QD/OLED hybrid  schematic………………………………………………………………………………………………. 326
  • Figure 126: LCD using Quantum rods (right) versus a standard LCD………………………………………………………….. 326
  • Figure 127: Quantum phosphor schematic in LED TV backlight…………………………………………………………………. 327
  • Figure 128: The Wall microLED display……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 327
  • Figure 129:  Carbon nanotubes flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries incorporated into flexible, rechargeable yarn batteries………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 328
  • Figure 130: Ink-jet printed 5-inch AM-QLED display (80 dpi)……………………………………………………………………… 329
  • Figure 131: Flexible LCD………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 329
  • Figure 132: “Full ActiveTM Flex”…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 330
  • Figure 133: FOLED schematic…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 331
  • Figure 134: Foldable display……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 331
  • Figure 135: Stretchable AMOLED……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 332
  • Figure 136: LGD 12.3” FHD Automotive OLED………………………………………………………………………………………. 332
  • Figure 137: LECTUM® display…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 333
  • Figure 138: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots……………………………………………………………….. 333
  • Figure 139: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2030, conservative estimates……………………………………………………………… 334
  • Figure 140: QD-TV unit sales 2016-2030, optimistic estimates………………………………………………………………….. 335
  • Figure 141: QD Monitor Unit sales 2015-2030……………………………………………………………………………………….. 336
  • Figure 142: Transistor architecture trend chart………………………………………………………………………………………. 358
  • Figure 143: CMOS Technology Roadmap…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 359
  • Figure 144: Emerging logic devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 362
  • Figure 145: Figure 38: Thin film transistor incorporating CNTs…………………………………………………………………… 365
  • Figure 146: Graphene IC in wafer tester………………………………………………………………………………………………. 367
  • Figure 147: Emerging logic devices…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 370
  • Figure 148: Schematic of NRAM cell…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 385
  • Figure 149: A schematic diagram for the mechanism of the resistive switching in metal/GO/Pt…………………………. 386
  • Figure 150: Phone coated in WaterBlock submerged in water tank…………………………………………………………….. 396
  • Figure 151: Demo solar panels coated with nanocoatings………………………………………………………………………… 399
  • Figure 152:  Schematic of barrier nanoparticles deposited on flexible substrates…………………………………………… 401
  • Figure 153: Schematic of anti-fingerprint nanocoatings……………………………………………………………………………. 403
  • Figure 154: Toray anti-fingerprint film (left) and an existing lipophilic film (right)…………………………………………….. 404
  • Figure 155: Schematic of AR coating utilizing nanoporous coating……………………………………………………………… 405
  • Figure 156: Schematic of KhepriCoat®. Image credit: DSM………………………………………………………………………. 406
  • Figure 157: Nanocoating submerged in water………………………………………………………………………………………… 408
  • Figure 158: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode…………………………………………………………………… 421
  • Figure 159: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper……………………………………………………………………………….. 425
  • Figure 160: (a) Schematic of Schottky barrier quantum dots based solar cell………………………………………………… 429
  • Figure 161:  Schematic of QD Solar Cell………………………………………………………………………………………………. 430
  • Figure 162: Doped quantum dot LSC…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 430
  • Figure 163: QD coated solar windows………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 431
  • Figure 164: A layer of highly emissive manganese-doped quantum dots onto the outside surface of the outer glass pane (top layer on the left image below) and a layer of copper indium selenide quantum dots onto the inner surface of the inside (bottom) pane………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 432
  • Figure 165: QDSSC Module………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 432
  • Figure 166: Total QD photovoltaics component revenues 2013-2030 ($100,000s), conservative and optimistic estimates………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 434
  • Figure 167: Fourth generation QD-LEDs………………………………………………………………………………………………. 440
  • Figure 168: LG OLED flexible lighting panel………………………………………………………………………………………….. 442
  • Figure 169: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight……………………………………………………………… 442
  • Figure 170: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots……………………………………………………………….. 443
  • Figure 171: Total nanotechnology lighting component revenues 2013-2027 ($M), conservative and optimistic estimates……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 445
  • Figure 172: Hybrid graphene phototransistors……………………………………………………………………………………….. 451
  • Figure 173: Schematic of QD laser device…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 453
  • Figure 174: GFET sensors………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 466
  • Figure 175: First generation point of care diagnostics……………………………………………………………………………… 468
  • Figure 176: Graphene Field Effect Transistor Schematic………………………………………………………………………….. 469

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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