Published January 2021, 203 pages, 31 tables, 70 figures
Nanomaterials have already been commercialized at various stages of the packaging supply chain from food storage to traceability and tracking. Their enhanced properties, such as UV protection, barrier to moisture, gases and volatile components, mechanical strength, significantly improve packaging materials.
Nanomaterials-based packaging is used to
- extend product shelf-life, provide food safety assurance and food quality maintenance.
- increase barrier properties (mainly from oxygen and moisture).
- enhance mechanical properties such as strength and flexibility as well as being biodegradable.
- provide protection for contents through the use of nanoscale bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic to control growth and to reduce activities of microbes.
- add unique security and anti-counterfeiting features.
The use of nanomaterials in packaging will play a significant role in
- decreasing the huge amounts of food waste in both industrialized and developing countries.
- reducing reliance on petroleum-based packaging.
- meeting demand for more environmentally friendly packaging products with triggered biodegradability, but with the same mechanical properties as commonly used materials.
- ensure food safety and traceability for the entire supply chain.
Nanomaterials utlized in packaging include:
- Cellulose nanofibers.
- Graphene.
- Nanosilver.
- Nanoclays.
- Cellulose nanocrystals.
- Antimicrobial nanocoatings and films.
- Nanosilica, zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles.
- Carbon nanotubes.
- Chitosan nanoparticles.
- Quantum dots.
Report contents include:
- Market drivers and trends for the use of nanomaterials in packaging.
- Market challenges for the use of nanomaterials in packaging.
- Global market revenues for nanomaterials in packaging, by type and applications.
- Assessment of nanomaterials in barrier films and coatings, antibacterial (antimicrobial) packaging, anti-counterfeit packaging, nanocomposites and food sensors.
- 78 company profiles including products, target markets, contact details. etc. Companies covered include Asahi Kasei, Dow, Valentis Nanotech, Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Sun Chemical, Sciessent, Plasmatreat and Nanobiomatters/Bactiblock.
1 INTRODUCTION 15
- 1.1 Aims and objectives of the study 15
- 1.1.1 Properties of nanomaterials 15
- 1.1.2 Categorization 16
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19
- 3.1 Market drivers and trends in packaging 19
- 3.1.1 Antimicrobial packaging for food safety 21
- 3.1.2 Active packaging 22
- 3.1.3 Intelligent/smart packaging 23
- 3.1.4 Biobased packaging and sustainable packaging 24
- 3.1.5 Improved barrier function to increase shelf life 24
- 3.2 Market challenges and risk assessment 25
- 3.3 Global market demand and revenues for nanopackaging 26
4 TYPES OF PACKAGING 28
- 4.1 Barrier films and coatings 29
- 4.2 Antimicrobial active packaging 31
- 4.3 Anti-counterfeit packaging 33
- 4.4 Intelligent packaging 36
5 NANOMATERIALS USED IN PACKAGING 41
- 5.1 Composites 41
- 5.2 Coatings and films 48
- 5.3 Nanosensors 51
- 5.4 Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) 52
- 5.4.1 Paper and board packaging 56
- 5.4.2 Barrier films 57
- 5.4.3 Antimicrobial packaging 58
- 5.5 Cellulose nanocrystals 59
- 5.5.1 Properties 60
- 5.5.2 Applications 61
- 5.5.2.1 Barrier films 62
- 5.5.2.2 Anti-counterfeiting films 62
- 5.5.2.3 Antimicrobial coatings 63
- 5.6 Bacterials nanocellulose (BNC) 63
- 5.6.1 Applications 63
- 5.7 Graphene 64
- 5.7.1 Properties 64
- 5.7.2 Barrier films for food packaging 66
- 5.7.3 Anti-bacterial activity 66
- 5.7.4 Anti-viral activity 67
- 5.7.4.1 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 67
- 5.8 Nanosilver 68
- 5.8.1 Properties 68
- 5.8.2 Antimicrobial and antiviral activity 68
- 5.8.3 Nanosilver in packaging 69
- 5.9 Nanosilica 70
- 5.9.1 Properties 70
- 5.9.2 Antimicrobial and antiviral activity 71
- 5.9.3 Easy-clean and dirt repellent 71
- 5.10 Zinc oxide nanoparticles 72
- 5.10.1 Properties 72
- 5.10.2 Antimicrobial packaging films 73
- 5.11 Carbon nanotubes 75
- 5.11.1 Properties 75
- 5.11.2 Antimicrobial activity 76
- 5.12 Chitosan nanoparticles 76
- 5.12.1 Antimicrobial coatings 76
- 5.12.2 Packaging coatings and films 78
- 5.13 Nanoclays 78
- 5.13.1 Properties 78
- 5.13.2 Barrier films 79
- 5.13.3 Nanoclay producers 80
- 5.14 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles 83
- 5.14.1 Properties 83
- 5.14.2 Antibacterial films 83
- 5.15 Copper nanoparticles 84
- 5.15.1 Properties 84
- 5.15.2 Anti-microbial coatings 84
- 5.16 Hydrophobic and hydrophilic coatings 84
- 5.16.1 Hydrophilic coatings 85
- 5.16.2 Hydrophobic coatings 85
- 5.16.2.1 Properties 86
- 5.17 Superhydrophobic coatings 86
- 5.17.1 Properties 87
- 5.17.1.1 Anti-microbial use 87
- 5.17.1 Properties 87
6 COMPANY PROFILES 89 (78 COMPANY PROFILES)
7 REFERENCES 194
TABLES
- Table 1. Categorization of nanomaterials. 16
- Table 2. Application markets, competing materials, nanomaterials advantages and current market size in packaging. 19
- Table 3. Nanomaterials used in active and smart packaging. 22
- Table 4. Traditional plastic materials used in packaging. 28
- Table 5. Summary of barrier films and coatings for packaging. 30
- Table 6. Summary of antimicrobial active packaging. 32
- Table 7. Summary of anti-counterfeit nano-based packaging. 35
- Table 8. Summary of intelligent packaging. 36
- Table 9. Nanosensors in intelligent packaging for food safety and quality. 37
- Table 10. Nanomaterials used in polymers, properties, concentrations and processing methods. 41
- Table 11. Nanocomposites in packaging. 44
- Table 12. Nanocoatings and films in packaging. 49
- Table 13. Nanosensors used in packaging. 51
- Table 14. Nanocellulose in paper and board packaging. 52
- Table 15. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers. 58
- Table 16. CNC sources, size and yield. 59
- Table 17. CNC properties. 60
- Table 18. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials. 60
- Table 19. Applications of cellulose nanocrystals (NCC). 61
- Table 20. Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). 63
- Table 21. Graphene properties relevant to application in packaging. 64
- Table 22. Bactericidal characters of graphene-based materials. 67
- Table 23. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species. 74
- Table 24. Mechanism of chitosan antimicrobial action. 77
- Table 25. Nanoclay producers. 80
- Table 26. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. 86
- Table 27. Disadvantages of commonly utilized superhydrophobic coating methods. 88
- Table 28. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric. 97
- Table 29. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes. 129
- Table 30. Oji Holdings CNF products. 166
- Table 31. Oji Holdings CNF products. 171
FIGURES
- Figure 1. Global revenues for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in packaging 2018-2030, by nanomaterials type, tons. 26
- Figure 2. Global revenues for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in packaging 2018-2030, by applications, millions USD. 27
- Figure 3. Schematic of gas barrier properties of nanoclay film. 29
- Figure 4. Security tag developed by Nanotech Security. 34
- Figure 5. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals. 59
- Figure 6. CNC slurry. 62
- Figure 7. Antimicrobial activity of Graphene oxide (GO). 66
- Figure 8. Anti-bacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticle coating. 69
- Figure 9. Oso fresh food packaging incorporating antimicrobial silver. 70
- Figure 10. Hydrophobic easy-to-clean coating. 72
- Figure 11. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs. 74
- Figure 12. Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotubes. 76
- Figure 13. TEM images of Burkholderia seminalis treated with (a, c) buffer (control) and (b, d) 2.0 mg/mL chitosan; (A: additional layer; B: membrane damage). 77
- Figure 14. Nanoclays structure. The dimensions of a clay platelet are typically 200-1000 nm in lateral dimension and 1 nm thick. 79
- Figure 15. Nanoclay composite oxygen barrier schematic. 80
- Figure 16. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf. 85
- Figure 17. A schematic of (a) water droplet on normal hydrophobic surface with contact angle greater than 90° and (b) water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle > 150°. 86
- Figure 18. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface. 87
- Figure 19. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel. 94
- Figure 20. MEDICELLU™. 94
- Figure 21. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet. 97
- Figure 22. CNF nonwoven fabric. 98
- Figure 23. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process. 108
- Figure 24. nanoforest-S. 109
- Figure 25. nanoforest-PDP. 109
- Figure 26. nanoforest-MB. 110
- Figure 27. Daio Paper CNF production process. 115
- Figure 28. ELLEX products. 116
- Figure 29. CNF-reinforced PP compounds. 116
- Figure 30. Kirekira! toilet wipes. 117
- Figure 31. Dotz Nano GQD products. 119
- Figure 32. Nano Bio film product. 121
- Figure 33. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process. 122
- Figure 34. Rheocrysta spray. 123
- Figure 35. DKS CNF products. 123
- Figure 36. Imerys CNF production process. 126
- Figure 37. Granbio CNF production process. 130
- Figure 38. CNF gel. 135
- Figure 39. Block nanocellulose material. 135
- Figure 40. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu. 136
- Figure 41. Quantum dots tag on plastic bottle. 137
- Figure 42. Innventia CNF production process. 140
- Figure 43. Self-cleaning nanocoating applied to face masks. 141
- Figure 44. Dual Graft System. 143
- Figure 45. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended). 144
- Figure 46. Nippon Paper CNF production process. 156
- Figure 47. Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers. 158
- Figure 48. CNF wet powder. 159
- Figure 49. CNF transparent film. 160
- Figure 50. Transparent CNF sheets. 160
- Figure 51. Oji Paper CNF production process. 162
- Figure 52. AUROVISCO Transparent CNF slurry. 163
- Figure 53. CNF clear sheets. 164
- Figure 54. CNF clear sheets. 171
- Figure 55. XCNF. 174
- Figure 56. Stora Enso CNF production process. 177
- Figure 57. Silver / CNF composite dispersions. 181
- Figure 58. CNF/nanosilver powder. 181
- Figure 59. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process. 183
- Figure 60. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches. 187
- Figure 61. VTT CNF production process. 188
- Figure 62. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test. 189
- Figure 63. Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film. 190
- Figure 64. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process. 192
The Global Market for Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Packaging
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