Published August 2023 | 135 pages, 13 figures, 49 tables | Download Table of contents
Effective thermal management is critical across many industries dealing with high heat loads including electronics, automotive, aerospace, power generation, and directed energy systems. Conventional cooling technologies like vapor compression are reaching their limits for hotter systems and demanding environments.
Solid-state cooling offers transformative solutions by harnessing properties of materials and nanoscale structures to pump and transfer heat. Solid-state cooling refers to refrigeration technologies that utilize solid state materials and devices to provide cooling without traditional vapor compression or coolant cycles. Solid-state coolers leverage unique properties of materials like semiconductors, ceramics, alloys and nanostructures combined with phenomena such as quantum tunneling, thermoelectric effects, photonics, and magnetism to enable cooling below ambient temperatures.
Promising solid-state cooling technologies include:
- Thermoelectric coolers using semiconductors to electromagnetically pump heat.
- Thermotunneling coolers that leverage nanoscale gaps and quantum tunneling to transfer heat.
- Optical refrigerators which use laser light to induce cooling through anti-Stokes fluorescence.
- Refrigerators that utilize light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the cold side of a thermoelectric cooler.
- Thermoacoustic refrigeration harnessing high intensity sound waves in gases to produce cooling without fluids or gases.
- Magnetic refrigeration utilizing magnetocaloric materials and magnetic field cycling.
Passive technologies like heat pipes and advanced heat exchangers provide complementary high performance heat spreading and heat transfer solutions.
Some of the key focus areas covered in the report include:
- In-depth technical analysis of cooling approaches:
- ThermoelectricCoolers
- Thermophotonic (TPX) Coolers
- Thermotunneling Coolers
- Acoustic/thermoacoustic Cooling
- Magnetic Cooling
- Photonic Cooling
- Optical refrigerators
- Thermoelastic Cooling
- Electrocaloric Cooling
- Thermionic Cooling
- Barocaloric Cooling
- Thermal Diodes.
- Working principles, designs, materials used
- Fabrication processes and manufacturing approaches
- Performance metrics like cooling capacity, efficiency, operating temperatures
- Current technical challenges and limitations
- Recent research trends and developments
- Applications and End-Use Sectors covered include:
- Electronics cooling
- Microprocessors, power electronics, LEDs
- Consumer devices, data centers, avionics
- Optoelectronics
- Lasers, detectors, IR cameras
- Automotive sector
- Seat climate control, battery thermal management
- Sensors, LIDAR, infotainment systems
- Aerospace
- Avionics Cooling, Cryogenic Systems
- Satellite Thermal Control, Laser cooling, Thermal Protection Systems
- Medical
- Food and beverage cooling
- Gas liquification, cryogenics
- Emerging application areas
- Electronics cooling
- Current market size estimates and forecasts to 2034
- Adoption trends across application segments
- Regional analysis: North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, RoW
- Industry landscape:
- Key players
- SWOT analysis
- Market value chain.
- Growth opportunities and strategic recommendations
- Challenges: technical, commercial, regulatory
- Profiles of 24 product developers. Companies profiled include Barocal Ltd,, Ferrotec, Frore Systems, Komatsu, Laird Thermal Systems, and Phononic Inc.
Some of the key questions addressed in the report include:
- What are the major solid state cooling technologies and what are their principles of operation?
- What are the performance metrics like efficiency, cooling capacity and operating temperatures?
- What are the current application areas and adoption trends for solid state coolers?
- What are the benefits of solid state cooling versus traditional vapor compression systems?
- What are the major challenges and limitations of solid state cooling technologies?
- Which solid state cooling technologies show the most promise for future adoption?
- What are the projected market sizes for solid state cooling over the next 5-10 years?
- Who are the key players developing solid state cooling devices?
- What are emerging application areas which can benefit from solid state cooling?
- What are the strategic recommendations for companies in the solid state cooling ecosystem?
The Global Market for Solid-State Cooling 2024-2034 serves as a comprehensive guide for stakeholders interested in understanding various solid-state cooling approaches, their capabilities, applications across industries, and market outlook. The report aims to provide guidance on leveraging solid state cooling to engineers, researchers, investors, and corporate strategists.
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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 9
2 INTRODUCTION 11
- 2.1 Overview of solid-state cooling technology 11
- 2.2 Existing and emerging solid-state cooling technologies 13
- 2.2.1 Active Coolers 13
- 2.2.2 Passive Coolers 13
- 2.3 Benefits over conventional cooling 13
- 2.4 Cost comparison of conventional and solid-state cooling technologies 14
- 2.5 Technology roadmap 15
3 SOLID-STATE COOLING TECHNOLOGIES 18
- 3.1 Thermoelectric Coolers 19
- 3.1.1 Working Principles and Design 19
- 3.1.2 Performance Metrics 20
- 3.1.3 Applications 21
- 3.1.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 21
- 3.1.5 Challenges and Limitations 22
- 3.2 Thermoacoustic Coolers 23
- 3.2.1 Working Principles and Design 23
- 3.2.2 Performance Metrics 24
- 3.2.3 Applications 25
- 3.2.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 25
- 3.2.5 Challenges and Limitations 25
- 3.3 Thermotunneling Coolers 26
- 3.3.1 Working Principles and Designs 27
- 3.3.1.1 Nanoscale Gap Cooling Principle 27
- 3.3.2 Fabrication and Manufacturing 27
- 3.3.3 Performance Metrics 28
- 3.3.4 Applications 28
- 3.3.5 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 29
- 3.3.6 Challenges and Limitations 30
- 3.3.1 Working Principles and Designs 27
- 3.4 Thermophotonic (TPX) Coolers 31
- 3.4.1 Working Principles and Designs 31
- 3.4.2 Performance Metrics 32
- 3.4.3 Applications 32
- 3.4.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 33
- 3.4.5 Challenges and Limitations 34
- 3.5 Magnetic Cooling 35
- 3.5.1 Working Principles and Designs 35
- 3.5.2 Performance Metrics 36
- 3.5.3 Applications 36
- 3.5.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 37
- 3.5.5 Challenges and Limitations 38
- 3.6 Optical Refrigerators 39
- 3.6.1 Laser-Driven Optical Heat Pumps 40
- 3.6.2 Optical Cooling Materials 40
- 3.6.3 System Design 40
- 3.6.4 Performance Metrics 40
- 3.6.5 Applications 41
- 3.6.6 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 42
- 3.6.7 Challenges and Limitations 42
- 3.7 Thermoelastic Cooling 43
- 3.7.1 Working Principles and Designs 43
- 3.7.1.1 Shape memory alloys (SMA) 43
- 3.7.2 Performance Metrics 44
- 3.7.3 Applications 44
- 3.7.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 45
- 3.7.5 Challenges and Limitations 47
- 3.7.1 Working Principles and Designs 43
- 3.8 Electrocaloric Cooling 48
- 3.8.1 Working Principles and Designs 48
- 3.8.2 Performance Metrics 49
- 3.8.3 Applications 51
- 3.8.4 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 52
- 3.8.5 Challenges and Limitations 53
- 3.9 Thermionic cooling 54
- 3.9.1 Working Principles and Designs 55
- 3.9.2 Performance Metrics 55
- 3.9.3 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 56
- 3.9.4 Applications 57
- 3.9.5 Challenges and Limitations 58
- 3.10 Barocaloric cooling technology 59
- 3.10.1 Working Principles and Designs 59
- 3.10.2 Performance Metrics 60
- 3.10.3 Recent Materials and Technology Developments 60
- 3.10.4 Applications 61
- 3.10.5 Challenges and Limitations 62
- 3.11 Thermal Diodes 63
- 3.11.1 Working Principles and Designs 63
- 3.11.2 Applications 64
- 3.11.3 Challenges and Limitations 64
4 MARKET ANALYSIS 65
- 4.1 Market drivers and trends 65
- 4.2 Market challenges 66
- 4.3 Value chain 68
- 4.4 Competitive Landscape 69
- 4.4.1 Key players 70
- 4.4.2 SWOT analysis 70
- 4.5 Global market revenues 2018-2034 72
- 4.6 By market 73
- 4.7 By region 76
- 4.7.1 North America 76
- 4.7.2 Europe 77
- 4.7.3 Asia Pacific 78
- 4.7.4 Rest of World 79
- 4.8 Electronics 81
- 4.8.1 Market drivers 81
- 4.8.2 Applications 82
- 4.8.3 Market Size and Growth 84
- 4.9 Optoelectronics 85
- 4.9.1 Market drivers 85
- 4.9.2 Applications 85
- 4.9.3 Market Size and Growth 86
- 4.10 Automotive 87
- 4.10.1 Market drivers 87
- 4.10.2 Applications 88
- 4.10.3 Market Size and Growth 89
- 4.11 Aerospace 90
- 4.11.1 Market drivers 90
- 4.11.2 Applications 91
- 4.11.3 Market Size and Growth 92
- 4.12 Medical 93
- 4.12.1 Market drivers 93
- 4.12.2 Applications 94
- 4.12.3 Market Size and Growth 96
- 4.13 Food/beverage cooling 97
- 4.13.1 Market drivers 97
- 4.13.2 Applications 99
- 4.13.3 Market Size and Growth 100
5 COMPANY PROFILES 103 (24 company profiles)
6 REFERENCES 125
List of Tables
- Table 1. Benefits of solid-state cooling technologies compared to conventional refrigeration. 13
- Table 2. Cost comparison of conventional and solid-state cooling technologies. 14
- Table 3. Comparative analysis. 18
- Table 4. Applications and benefits of thermoelectric cooling. 21
- Table 5. Challenges and limitations of thermoelectric cooling technology. 22
- Table 6. Applications and benefits of thermoacoustic cooling. 25
- Table 7. Challenges and limitations of thermoacoustic cooling technology. 26
- Table 8. Applications and benefits of thermotunneling coolers. 29
- Table 9. Challenges with thermotunneling coolers. 30
- Table 10. Key performance metrics for thermophotonic coolers. 32
- Table 11. Applications and benefits of thermophotonic (TPX) cooling. 32
- Table 12. Challenges and limitations of thermophotonic cooling technology. 34
- Table 13. Key performance metrics magnetic cooling. 36
- Table 14. Applications and benefits of magnetic cooling. 36
- Table 15. Challenges and limitations of magnetic cooling technology. 38
- Table 16. Applications and benefits of optical refrigerators. 41
- Table 17. Challenges and limitations of optical refrigeration technology. 42
- Table 18. Key performance metrics for thermoelastic cooling. 44
- Table 19. Applications and benefits of thermoelastic cooling. 44
- Table 20. Challenges and limitations of thermoelastic cooling technology. 47
- Table 21. Key performance metrics for Electrocaloric Cooling. 49
- Table 22. Applications and benefits of electrocaloric cooling. 51
- Table 23. Challenges and limitations of electrocaloric cooling technology. 53
- Table 24. Key performance metrics for thermionic Cooling. 55
- Table 25. Applications and benefits of thermionic cooling. 57
- Table 26. Challenges and limitations of thermionic cooling technology. 58
- Table 27. Key performance metrics for barocaloric cooling. 60
- Table 28. Applications and benefits of barocaloric cooling. 61
- Table 29. Challenges and limitations of barocaloric cooling technology. 62
- Table 30. Applications and benefits of thermal diodes. 64
- Table 31. Challenges and limitations thermal diodes. 64
- Table 32. Market drivers and trends in solid-state cooling. 65
- Table 33. Market challenges in solid-state cooling. 66
- Table 34. Key market players in solid-state cooling. 70
- Table 35. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, total (millions USD). 72
- Table 36. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, by market (millions USD). 73
- Table 37. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, by region (millions USD). 75
- Table 38. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in electronics. 81
- Table 39. Applications of solid-state cooling in electronics. 83
- Table 40. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in optoelectronics. 85
- Table 41. Applications of solid-state cooling in optoelectronics. 86
- Table 42. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in automotive. 88
- Table 43. Applications of solid-state cooling in automotive. 88
- Table 44. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in aerospace. 90
- Table 45. Applications of solid-state cooling in aerospace. 91
- Table 46. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in medical. 93
- Table 47. Applications of solid-state cooling in medical. 94
- Table 48. Market drivers for solid-state cooling in food/beverage cooling. 97
- Table 49. Applications of solid-state cooling in food/beverage cooling. 99
List of Figures
- Figure 1. Solid-state cooling technology roadmap. 16
- Figure 2. Thermoelectric cooler schematic. 20
- Figure 3. Schematic of thermoacoustic cooling system. 24
- Figure 4. Electrocaloric system. 49
- Figure 5. Solid-state cooling market value chain. 69
- Figure 6. SWOT analysis for solid-state cooling market. 71
- Figure 7. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, total (millions USD). 73
- Figure 8. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, by market (millions USD). 74
- Figure 9. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, by region (millions USD). 76
- Figure 10. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, North America (millions USD). 76
- Figure 11. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, Europe (millions USD). 77
- Figure 12. Global market for solid-state coolers 2018-2034, Rest of World (millions USD). 80
- Figure 13. AirJet® by Frore Systems 106
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