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The Global Market for Synthetic Biology 2024-2035

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  • Published: April 2024
  • Pages: 518
  • Tables: 122
  • Figures: 63
  • Companies profiled: 296

 

Synthetic biology, also known as engineering biology, focuses on designing and applying biological processes to underpin new products and manufacturing approaches across a range of industries, from novel medicines and therapeutics to the sustainable production of food, energy, medicines, chemicals, and materials. 

Comprehensive Analysis of the Synthetic Biology Industry

This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving synthetic biology market and its transformative impact across major industries. Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that combines science and engineering, applying the principles and tools of engineering to biology. It enables the design and construction of new biological systems, devices, and pathways for valuable applications.

The report begins with an overview of synthetic biology, comparing it to conventional processes and genetic engineering approaches. It examines the core principles, advantages of the technology such as sustainability, and potential to enable a circular bioeconomy. Key synthetic biology tools and techniques are analyzed in detail, including metabolic engineering, genome engineering (CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs), gene synthesis, protein engineering, synthetic genomics, cell-free systems, and more.

Critical Insights into Technology, Applications & Markets

A thorough technology analysis covers the diverse biomanufacturing processes employed like fermentation, batch/continuous processes, cell culture systems, bioprinting, and smart bioprocessing integrated with AI/automation. Feedstocks utilized range from C1/C2 compounds, lignocellulosic biomass, food wastes, plastics, and gases like methane and CO2. Emerging areas like xenobiology, biosensors, marine biotechnology and bioelectronics are explored.

The report provides vital data on established and emerging synthetic biology markets including biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, algal biofuels, biohydrogen, biobutanol, etc.), bio-based chemicals (acids, alcohols, polymers), bioplastics (PLA, PHAs, biopolymers), bioremediation, biocatalysis, food ingredients, sustainable agriculture, textiles, consumer products, packaging, construction materials, and healthcare/pharmaceuticals.

Comprehensive Coverage of Industry Landscape

A detailed market analysis covers the key industry trends and drivers such as sustainability, the transition to a circular bioeconomy, and technology advancements enabling new products and processes. Challenges like regulatory hurdles, public acceptance, and technical constraints are evaluated. The report examines synthetic biology's role across the bioeconomy value chain. The SWOT analysis outlines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for synthetic biology. Forecasts are provided for the overall synthetic biology market revenues from 2018 to 2035, segmented by region and individual market verticals like biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc.

Company Profiles and Industry Intelligence

With over 295 company profiles, the report offers unmatched industry intelligence covering key stakeholders. Companies profiled include Aanika Biosciences, Amyris, Apeel, Agrivida, Bolt Threads, Erebagen, Eligo Bioscience, Geltor, Ginkgo Bioworks, Impossible Foods, Industrial Microbes, Kiverdi, LanzaTech, Lygos, Mammoth Biosciences, Mango Materials, Perfect Day, Pivot Bio, Synthego, Twist Bioscience, Uluu, Van Heron Labs, and Viridos. The report also covers investment in companies from 2021-2024. 

This report is an essential resource for organizations and stakeholders seeking to understand the vast potential of synthetic biology and develop strategies to effectively navigate this rapidly evolving landscape. It offers comprehensive technology insights, quantitative market data, trend analysis and unmatched company profiles - empowering informed business decisions and staying ahead of the innovation curve.

 

 

1             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY   25

 

2             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 22

  • 2.1         Overview of the global synthetic biology market             26
  • 2.2         Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering              28
  • 2.3         Market size and growth projections      29
  • 2.4         Major trends and drivers             29
  • 2.5         Investments in synthetic biology            31
  • 2.6         Industrial biotechnology value chain    32

 

3             INTRODUCTION             34

  • 3.1         What is synthetic biology?         34
  • 3.2         Comparison with conventional processes        34
  • 3.3         Applications     35
  • 3.4         Advantages       36
  • 3.5         Sustainability  37
  • 3.6         Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy      38

 

4             TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS          40

  • 4.1         Biomanufacturing processes   40
    • 4.1.1     Batch biomanufacturing            42
    • 4.1.2     Continuous biomanufacturing 43
    • 4.1.3     Fermentation Processes            44
    • 4.1.4     Cell-free synthesis        45
    • 4.1.5     Biofilm-based production          47
    • 4.1.6     Microfluidic systems   48
    • 4.1.7     Photobioreactors           49
    • 4.1.8     Membrane bioreactors               50
    • 4.1.9     Plant cell culture            50
    • 4.1.10   Mammalian cell culture             51
    • 4.1.11   Bioprinting         52
  • 4.2         Cell factories for biomanufacturing      55
  • 4.3         Technology Overview   56
    • 4.3.1     Metabolic engineering 58
    • 4.3.2     Gene and DNA synthesis            62
    • 4.3.3     Gene Synthesis and Assembly 63
    • 4.3.4     Genome engineering    65
      • 4.3.4.1 CRISPR               65
        • 4.3.4.1.1             CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways             66
        • 4.3.4.1.2             TALENs               67
        • 4.3.4.1.3             ZFNs     67
    • 4.3.5     Protein/Enzyme Engineering    69
    • 4.3.6     Synthetic genomics      71
      • 4.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics         71
      • 4.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes             72
    • 4.3.7     Strain construction and optimization  74
    • 4.3.8     Smart bioprocessing    74
    • 4.3.9     Chassis organisms        76
    • 4.3.10   Biomimetics    77
    • 4.3.11   Sustainable materials 78
    • 4.3.12   Robotics and automation          78
      • 4.3.12.1               Robotic cloud laboratories        79
      • 4.3.12.2               Automating organism design    79
      • 4.3.12.3               Artificial intelligence and machine learning      80
    • 4.3.13   Bioinformatics and computational tools            80
      • 4.3.13.1               Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology      81
      • 4.3.13.2               Computational Tools for Design and Analysis 81
    • 4.3.14   Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets 84
    • 4.3.15   Biosensors and bioelectronics 85
    • 4.3.16   Feedstocks       86
      • 4.3.16.1               C1 feedstocks 89
        • 4.3.16.1.1           Advantages       89
        • 4.3.16.1.2           Pathways           90
        • 4.3.16.1.3           Challenges        91
        • 4.3.16.1.4           Non-methane C1 feedstocks   91
        • 4.3.16.1.5           Gas fermentation          92
      • 4.3.16.2               C2 feedstocks 92
      • 4.3.16.3               Biological conversion of CO2   93
      • 4.3.16.4               Food processing wastes             96
      • 4.3.16.5               Lignocellulosic biomass            97
      • 4.3.16.6               Syngas 98
      • 4.3.16.7               Glycerol              98
      • 4.3.16.8               Methane             98
      • 4.3.16.9               Municipal solid wastes                101
      • 4.3.16.10            Plastic wastes 102
      • 4.3.16.11            Plant oils            103
      • 4.3.16.12            Starch  103
      • 4.3.16.13            Sugars 104
      • 4.3.16.14            Used cooking oils           105
      • 4.3.16.15            Green hydrogen production      105
      • 4.3.16.16            Blue hydrogen production          107
    • 4.3.17   Marine biotechnology  109
      • 4.3.17.1               Cyanobacteria 111
      • 4.3.17.2               Macroalgae       112
      • 4.3.17.3               Companies       113

 

5             MARKET ANALYSIS       115

  • 5.1         Market trends and drivers          115
  • 5.2         Industry challenges and constraints    116
  • 5.3         Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy    116
  • 5.4         SWOT analysis 118
  • 5.5         Synthetic biology markets         120
    • 5.5.1     Biofuels              121
      • 5.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels   122
      • 5.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels 123
      • 5.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels           124
      • 5.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels 125
      • 5.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels        125
      • 5.5.1.6 Feedstocks       126
        • 5.5.1.6.1             First-generation (1-G)  128
        • 5.5.1.6.2             Second-generation (2-G)            129
          • 5.5.1.6.2.1         Lignocellulosic wastes and residues    130
          • 5.5.1.6.2.2         Biorefinery lignin            131
        • 5.5.1.6.3             Third-generation (3-G) 135
          • 5.5.1.6.3.1         Algal biofuels   135
            • 5.5.1.6.3.1.1     Properties          136
            • 5.5.1.6.3.1.2     Advantages       136
        • 5.5.1.6.4             Fourth-generation (4-G)              137
        • 5.5.1.6.5             Energy crops     138
        • 5.5.1.6.6             Agricultural residues    138
        • 5.5.1.6.7             Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste       139
        • 5.5.1.6.8             Forestry and wood waste           139
        • 5.5.1.6.9             Feedstock costs             140
    • 5.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production   140
    • 5.5.1.8 Bioethanol         141
      • 5.5.1.8.1             Ethanol to jet fuel technology  142
      • 5.5.1.8.2             Methanol from pulp & paper production             143
      • 5.5.1.8.3             Sulfite spent liquor fermentation           143
      • 5.5.1.8.4             Gasification     143
        • 5.5.1.8.4.1         Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation              144
        • 5.5.1.8.4.2         Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion              144
      • 5.5.1.8.5             CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis      144
      • 5.5.1.8.6             Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation 145
      • 5.5.1.8.7             Separate hydrolysis and fermentation 145
        • 5.5.1.8.7.1         Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)             146
        • 5.5.1.8.7.2         Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)   146
        • 5.5.1.8.7.3         Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)   146
        • 5.5.1.8.7.4         Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)               147
    • 5.5.1.9 Biodiesel            147
    • 5.5.1.10               Biogas  150
      • 5.5.1.10.1           Biomethane      151
      • 5.5.1.10.2           Feedstocks       153
      • 5.5.1.10.3           Anaerobic digestion      153
    • 5.5.1.11               Renewable diesel          154
    • 5.5.1.12               Biojet fuel          156
    • 5.5.1.13               Algal biofuels (blue biotech)     160
      • 5.5.1.13.1           Conversion pathways  160
      • 5.5.1.13.2           Market challenges         162
      • 5.5.1.13.3           Prices  162
      • 5.5.1.13.4           Producers          163
    • 5.5.1.14               Biohydrogen     164
      • 5.5.1.14.1           Biological Conversion Routes  166
        • 5.5.1.14.1.1       Bio-photochemical Reaction   166
        • 5.5.1.14.1.2       Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion              166
    • 5.5.1.15               Biobutanol         167
    • 5.5.1.16               Bio-based methanol     169
      • 5.5.1.16.1           Anaerobic digestion      171
      • 5.5.1.16.2           Biomass gasification   171
      • 5.5.1.16.3           Power to Methane         172
    • 5.5.1.17               Bioisoprene      173
    • 5.5.1.18               Fatty Acid Esters             173
  • 5.5.2     Bio-based chemicals   174
    • 5.5.2.1 Acetic acid        175
    • 5.5.2.2 Adipic acid        175
    • 5.5.2.3 Aldehydes          177
    • 5.5.2.4 Acrylic acid       177
    • 5.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose        178
    • 5.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)   181
    • 5.5.2.7 Bio-DME             182
    • 5.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)     182
    • 5.5.2.9 Ethylene             183
    • 5.5.2.10               3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)             184
    • 5.5.2.11               1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)        185
    • 5.5.2.12               Itaconic acid    186
    • 5.5.2.13               Lactic acid (D-LA)          187
    • 5.5.2.14               1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)        187
    • 5.5.2.15               Tetrahydrofuran (THF)  189
    • 5.5.2.16               Malonic acid     189
    • 5.5.2.17               Monoethylene glycol (MEG)      190
    • 5.5.2.18               Propylene          191
    • 5.5.2.19               Succinic acid (SA)          192
    • 5.5.2.20               Triglycerides     194
    • 5.5.2.21               Enzymes             194
    • 5.5.2.22               Vitamins             194
    • 5.5.2.23               Antibiotics         195
  • 5.5.3     Bioplastics and Biopolymers   196
    • 5.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)    196
    • 5.5.3.2 PHAs    199
      • 5.5.3.2.1             Types    200
        • 5.5.3.2.1.1         PHB      202
        • 5.5.3.2.1.2         PHBV   203
      • 5.5.3.2.2             Synthesis and production processes   204
      • 5.5.3.2.3             Commercially available PHAs 207
    • 5.5.3.3 Bio-PET               208
    • 5.5.3.4 Starch blends   209
    • 5.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics         209
  • 5.5.4     Bioremediation               211
  • 5.5.5     Biocatalysis      212
    • 5.5.5.1 Biotransformations      213
    • 5.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis  213
    • 5.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling       213
    • 5.5.5.4 Immobilization 214
  • 5.5.6     Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients     214
    • 5.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins      215
    • 5.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners     216
    • 5.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances              216
    • 5.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners        217
    • 5.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements          217
  • 5.5.7     Sustainable agriculture              218
    • 5.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development       218
    • 5.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis       218
    • 5.5.7.3 Biofertilizers     219
      • 5.5.7.3.1             Overview            219
      • 5.5.7.3.2             Companies       219
    • 5.5.7.4 Biopesticides   220
      • 5.5.7.4.1             Overview            220
      • 5.5.7.4.2             Companies       220
    • 5.5.7.5 Biostimulants  221
      • 5.5.7.5.1             Overview            221
      • 5.5.7.5.2             Companies       221
    • 5.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology      222
      • 5.5.7.6.1             Genetic engineering     222
      • 5.5.7.6.2             Genome editing              222
      • 5.5.7.6.3             Companies       223
  • 5.5.8     Textiles               223
    • 5.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers            224
      • 5.5.8.1.1             Lyocell 224
      • 5.5.8.1.2             Bacterial cellulose        224
      • 5.5.8.1.3             Algae textiles   225
    • 5.5.8.2 Bio-based leather          226
      • 5.5.8.2.1             Properties of bio-based leathers            229
        • 5.5.8.2.1.1         Tear strength    230
        • 5.5.8.2.1.2         Tensile strength              230
        • 5.5.8.2.1.3         Bally flexing      230
      • 5.5.8.2.2             Comparison with conventional leathers             231
      • 5.5.8.2.3             Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers    234
    • 5.5.8.3 Plant-based leather      235
      • 5.5.8.3.1             Overview            235
      • 5.5.8.3.2             Production processes  235
        • 5.5.8.3.2.1         Feedstocks       236
        • 5.5.8.3.2.2         Agriculture Residues    236
        • 5.5.8.3.2.3         Food Processing Waste              236
        • 5.5.8.3.2.4         Invasive Plants 236
        • 5.5.8.3.2.5         Culture-Grown Inputs  236
        • 5.5.8.3.2.6         Textile-Based   237
        • 5.5.8.3.2.7         Bio-Composite 238
      • 5.5.8.3.3             Products             238
      • 5.5.8.3.4             Market players 239
    • 5.5.8.4 Mycelium leather           240
      • 5.5.8.4.1             Overview            240
      • 5.5.8.4.2             Production process       242
        • 5.5.8.4.2.1         Growth conditions         242
        • 5.5.8.4.2.2         Tanning Mycelium Leather        243
        • 5.5.8.4.2.3         Dyeing Mycelium Leather          244
      • 5.5.8.4.3             Products             244
      • 5.5.8.4.4             Market players 245
    • 5.5.8.5 Microbial leather            245
      • 5.5.8.5.1             Overview            245
      • 5.5.8.5.2             Production process       246
      • 5.5.8.5.3             Fermentation conditions           246
      • 5.5.8.5.4             Harvesting         247
      • 5.5.8.5.5             Products             248
      • 5.5.8.5.6             Market players 250
    • 5.5.8.6 Lab grown leather          251
      • 5.5.8.6.1             Overview            251
      • 5.5.8.6.2             Production process       251
      • 5.5.8.6.3             Products             252
      • 5.5.8.6.4             Market players 253
    • 5.5.8.7 Protein-based leather  254
      • 5.5.8.7.1             Overview            254
      • 5.5.8.7.2             Production process       254
      • 5.5.8.7.3             Commercial activity     255
    • 5.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials              255
    • 5.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing              256
  • 5.5.9     Packaging          257
    • 5.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) 257
    • 5.5.9.2 Applications     257
      • 5.5.9.2.1             Vials, bottles, and containers  258
      • 5.5.9.2.2             Disposable items and household goods             259
      • 5.5.9.2.3             Food packaging               260
      • 5.5.9.2.4             Wet wipes and diapers 260
    • 5.5.9.3 Proteins              261
    • 5.5.9.4 Algae-based     263
    • 5.5.9.5 Mycelium           265
    • 5.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents                265
  • 5.5.10   Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals         267
    • 5.5.10.1               Drug discovery and development          268
    • 5.5.10.2               Gene therapy and regenerative medicine          270
    • 5.5.10.3               Vaccine production      272
    • 5.5.10.4               Personalized medicine 274
    • 5.5.10.5               Diagnostic tools and biosensors            276
    • 5.5.10.6               Companies       277
  • 5.5.11   Cosmetics         278
  • 5.5.12   Surfactants and detergents      279
  • 5.5.13   Construction materials               280
    • 5.5.13.1               Bioconcrete      280
    • 5.5.13.2               Microalgae biocement 282
    • 5.5.13.3               Mycelium materials     283
  • 5.6         Global market revenues 2018-2035      286
    • 5.6.1     By market          286
    • 5.6.2     By region            288
  • 5.7         Future Market Outlook 290

 

6             COMPANY PROFILES  291 (296 company profiles)

 

7             REFERENCES   502

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering.      29
  • Table 2. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology. 29
  • Table 3. Investments in synthetic biology.         31
  • Table 4. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes. 34
  • Table 5. Main application areas for synthetic biology. 35
  • Table 6. Advantages of synthetic biology.          36
  • Table 7.  Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology.            40
  • Table 8. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.    41
  • Table 9. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing            42
  • Table 10. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.              43
  • Table 11. Synthetic biology fermentation processes.  44
  • Table 12. Cell-free versus cell-based systems 45
  • Table 13. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology.            53
  • Table 14.  Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing. 55
  • Table 15. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.               57
  • Table 16. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization. 59
  • Table 17. Key applications of metabolic engineering.  60
  • Table 18. Main DNA synthesis technologies     62
  • Table 19. Main gene assembly methods.            63
  • Table 20. Key applications of genome engineering.      68
  • Table 21. Engineered proteins in industrial applications.           70
  • Table 22.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology.               81
  • Table 23. Feedstocks for synthetic biology.      86
  • Table 24. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.            92
  • Table 25. C2 Feedstock Products.         93
  • Table 26. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.        95
  • Table 27. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers.            97
  • Table 28. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.        104
  • Table 29. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.              107
  • Table 30. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.    109
  • Table 31. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size. 110
  • Table 32. Blue biotechnology companies.         113
  • Table 33. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology.           115
  • Table 34. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology.         116
  • Table 35. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology. 120
  • Table 36. Comparison of biofuels.         121
  • Table 37. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.     123
  • Table 38. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.               125
  • Table 39. Classification of biomass feedstock.               126
  • Table 40. Biorefinery feedstocks.           127
  • Table 41. Feedstock conversion pathways.      127
  • Table 42. First-Generation Feedstocks.              128
  • Table 43.  Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.          130
  • Table 44. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.          131
  • Table 45. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and  processes     132
  • Table 46. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.       134
  • Table 47. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.   136
  • Table 48. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.        137
  • Table 49.  Processes in bioethanol production.             145
  • Table 50. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.               147
  • Table 51. Biodiesel by generation.         148
  • Table 52. Biodiesel production techniques.      149
  • Table 53. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.              150
  • Table 54. Biogas feedstocks.    153
  • Table 55. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel. 156
  • Table 56. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.   157
  • Table 57. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities. 159
  • Table 58. Algae-derived biofuel producers.       163
  • Table 59. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.   164
  • Table 60. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.           165
  • Table 61. Properties of petrol and biobutanol. 167
  • Table 62. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.               170
  • Table 63. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches.      174
  • Table 64. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.        176
  • Table 65. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.           178
  • Table 66. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).       181
  • Table 67. Applications of bio-based ethylene. 184
  • Table 68. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.            184
  • Table 69. Applications of 3-HP.               185
  • Table 70. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).            185
  • Table 71. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.           186
  • Table 72. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.        186
  • Table 73. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).         188
  • Table 74. Applications of DN5. 188
  • Table 75. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).     189
  • Table 76. Markets and applications for malonic acid.  190
  • Table 77. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.             190
  • Table 78. Applications of bio-based MEG.         191
  • Table 79. Applications of bio-based propylene.              191
  • Table 80. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.          193
  • Table 81. Applications of succinic acid.              193
  • Table 82. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .       196
  • Table 83. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications. 197
  • Table 84. PLA producers and production capacities.   198
  • Table 85.Types of PHAs and properties.              202
  • Table 86. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.                203
  • Table 87. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.    206
  • Table 88. Commercially available PHAs.           207
  • Table 89. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.   210
  • Table 90. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.     212
  • Table 91. Companies developing fermentation-derived food. 215
  • Table 92. Biofertilizer companies.         219
  • Table 93. Biopesticides companies.     220
  • Table 94. Biostimulants companies.    221
  • Table 95. Crop biotechnology companies.        223
  • Table 96. Types of sustainable alternative leathers.     227
  • Table 97. Properties of bio-based leathers.       229
  • Table 98. Comparison with conventional leathers.       231
  • Table 99. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products.   233
  • Table 100. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers. 234
  • Table 101. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials. 235
  • Table 102. Current and emerging plant-based leather products.           238
  • Table 103. Companies developing plant-based leather products.         239
  • Table 104. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.         240
  • Table 105. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products.              245
  • Table 106. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative.        248
  • Table 107. Companies developing microbial leather products.              250
  • Table 108. Companies developing plant-based leather products.         253
  • Table 109. Types of protein-based leather alternatives.             254
  • Table 110. Companies developing protein based leather.         255
  • Table 111. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.             257
  • Table 112. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies. 261
  • Table 113. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.              263
  • Table 114. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology. 267
  • Table 115. companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine         271
  • Table 116. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production.   273
  • Table 117. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine.           275
  • Table 118. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals. 277
  • Table 119. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry.   278
  • Table 120. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.         279
  • Table 121. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).              286
  • Table 122. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).                288

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Industrial biotechnology value chain.               33
  • Figure 2. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems. 47
  • Figure 3. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.    67
  • Figure 4. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.           76
  • Figure 5. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.   77
  • Figure 6. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.             93
  • Figure 7. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.              94
  • Figure 8. Overview of biogas utilization.             99
  • Figure 9. Biogas and biomethane pathways.    100
  • Figure 10. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   101
  • Figure 11. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.      111
  • Figure 12. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology.   119
  • Figure 13.  Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.           132
  • Figure 14. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.   140
  • Figure 15. Overview of biogas utilization.           151
  • Figure 16. Biogas and biomethane pathways. 153
  • Figure 17. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.   154
  • Figure 18. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.  161
  • Figure 19.  Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.               164
  • Figure 20. Biobutanol production route.             168
  • Figure 21. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.    170
  • Figure 22. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.       171
  • Figure 23. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.              172
  • Figure 24. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.               173
  • Figure 25. Overview of Toray process.  176
  • Figure 26. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes        180
  • Figure 27. PHA family. 201
  • Figure 28. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.   226
  • Figure 29. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.           227
  • Figure 30. Hermès bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather.            245
  • Figure 31. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose.              249
  • Figure 32. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis.  250
  • Figure 33. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA.      257
  • Figure 34. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar.       259
  • Figure 35. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.  266
  • Figure 36. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.          280
  • Figure 37. BioMason cement.  281
  • Figure 38. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.              283
  • Figure 39. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.               284
  • Figure 40. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials. 285
  • Figure 41. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).               287
  • Figure 42. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD). 289
  • Figure 43. Algiknit yarn.               296
  • Figure 44. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.              297
  • Figure 45. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.  298
  • Figure 46. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.     319
  • Figure 47. Domsjö process.      359
  • Figure 48. Mushroom leather.  362
  • Figure 49. PHA production process.      379
  • Figure 50. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants.      405
  • Figure 51. Lignin gel.     406
  • Figure 52. BioFlex process.       410
  • Figure 53. TransLeather.             414
  • Figure 54. Reishi.            427
  • Figure 55. Compostable water pod.      435
  • Figure 56.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.       455
  • Figure 57. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.        457
  • Figure 58. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.            458
  • Figure 59. Lyocell process.        470
  • Figure 60. Spider silk production.           475
  • Figure 61. Corbion FDCA production process. 487
  • Figure 62. UPM biorefinery process.     491
  • Figure 63. The Proesa® Process.             494

 

The Global Market for Synthetic Biology 2024-2035
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