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GettyImages 881744794

The Global Market for White Biotechnology 2024-2034

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  • Published: November 2023
  • Pages: 394
  • Tables: 98
  • Figures: 55 

 

White biotechnology harnesses living cells collected from yeast, molds, microorganisms and plants, and enzymes to produce renewable fuels, chemicals, materials and medicines. It relies on principles of biotechnology, molecular biology and synthetic biology to engineer organisms that efficiently convert raw materials into value-added products, that can be easily degraded, consume less energy and create less waste. 

Key tools like metabolic engineering, fermentation, enzymatic biocatalysis, and directed evolution allow the biology of bacteria, yeast and algae to be optimized as microbial cell factories. Their metabolism can be tailored to convert sugars, waste lipids and even CO2 into target compounds like ethanol, organic acids, biopolymers and more. White biotechnology enables the sustainable production of both high-volume commodities as well as fine chemicals for pharmaceuticals. It allows renewable feedstocks like agricultural wastes and algae to be utilized as inputs. Biomanufacturing processes can achieve high specificity under mild conditions with far less waste than conventional chemistry.

The Global Market for White Biotechnology 2024-2034 provides a comprehensive overview of the global white biotechnology industry across markets including biofuels, bioplastics, chemicals, food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals. Technology Analysis includes production hosts (bacteria, yeast, fungi, marine, enzymes, photosynthetic microorganisms), biomanufacturing processes (batch, continuous), cell factories, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, feedstocks (C1, C2, CO2, wastes, biomass). Market analysis includes industry trends and drivers, challenges and constraints, SWOT analysis, market map, end-use markets (biofuels, bioplastics, chemicals, food ingredients, agriculture, pharmaceuticals), global revenues 2018-2034 by market and region, company profiles.

Report contents include: 

  • Principles and tools of white biotechnology. Analysis of major host organisms - engineered bacteria, yeast, algae, fungi - used in industrial biotechnology. 
  • Key end product applications and markets. Markets covered include biofuels, renewable chemicals, bioplastics, ingredients, agriculture, cosmetics, textiles, and more. Analysis of market drivers, challenges, regulations, and outlook.
  • Insights into biomanufacturing processes and scale-up for commercialization. Batch vs continuous processing, bioreactors, downstream separation, and process analytical techniques.
  • Techno-economic analysis and market outlook.
  • Latest trends and future opportunities.
  • Global market revenues to 2034.
  • 235 company profiles spanning feedstock supply, biomanufacturing, and end-product companies. Analysis of  how startups, SMEs, and large corporations apply biotech across the value chain. Companies profiled include ÄIO, Ardra Bio, Bolt Threads, Cascade Biocatalysts, C16 Biosciences, Circe, Danimer Scientific, Debut Biotechnology, Fermelanta, Future Fields, Gingko Bioworks, Green Bioactives, HydGene Renewables, LanzaTech, Metabolic Explorer, Michroma, Modern Meadow,  Newlight Technologies, Novozymes, Onego Bio, Pearl Bio, Pivot Bio, Provectus Algae, Seminal Biosciences, Spiber, Succinity, Terra Bioindustries, Visolis, and Yali Bio. 

 

 

1              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY         21

 

2              INTRODUCTION 22

  • 2.1          Definition            23
  • 2.2          Comparison with conventional processes              23
  • 2.3          Applications       24
  • 2.4          Advantages        25
  • 2.5          Sustainability     25
  • 2.6          White Biotechnology for the Circular Economy   27
    • 2.6.1      Agricultural Waste           27
    • 2.6.2      Forestry and Paper Waste            28
    • 2.6.3      Gas Fermentation            28
    • 2.6.4      Plastics Upcycling             29
    • 2.6.5      Wastewater Valorization              29

 

3              TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 31

  • 3.1          Production hosts              31
    • 3.1.1      Bacteria                31
    • 3.1.2      Yeast     32
    • 3.1.3      Fungi     33
    • 3.1.4      Marine 34
    • 3.1.5      Enzymes              35
    • 3.1.6      Photosynthetic organisms            35
  • 3.2          Biomanufacturing processes       36
    • 3.2.1      Batch biomanufacturing 39
    • 3.2.2      Continuous biomanufacturing    40
  • 3.3          Cell factories for biomanufacturing          40
  • 3.4          Synthetic Biology              42
    • 3.4.1      Overview            42
    • 3.4.2      Metabolic engineering  44
    • 3.4.3      DNA synthesis   44
    • 3.4.4      CRISPR  45
      • 3.4.4.1   CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways     45
    • 3.4.5      Protein/Enzyme Engineering      47
    • 3.4.6      Strain construction and optimization       48
    • 3.4.7      Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering       49
    • 3.4.8      Smart bioprocessing       49
    • 3.4.9      Cell-free systems             51
    • 3.4.10    Chassis organisms            53
    • 3.4.11    Biomimetics       54
    • 3.4.12    Sustainable materials     55
    • 3.4.13    Robotics and automation             56
      • 3.4.13.1                Robotic cloud laboratories           56
      • 3.4.13.2                Automating organism design      57
      • 3.4.13.3                Artificial intelligence and machine learning           57
    • 3.4.14    Fermentation Processes 58
  • 3.5          Feedstocks         58
    • 3.5.1      C1 feedstocks    59
      • 3.5.1.1   Advantages        59
      • 3.5.1.2   Pathways            60
      • 3.5.1.3   Challenges          60
      • 3.5.1.4   Non-methane C1 feedstocks       61
      • 3.5.1.5   Gas fermentation            62
    • 3.5.2      C2 feedstocks    62
    • 3.5.3      Biological conversion of CO2       63
    • 3.5.4      Food processing wastes 66
    • 3.5.5      Lignocellulosic biomass 67
    • 3.5.6      Methane             68
    • 3.5.7      Municipal solid wastes  71
    • 3.5.8      Plastic wastes    72
    • 3.5.9      Plant oils              73
    • 3.5.10    Starch   73
    • 3.5.11    Sugars   74
    • 3.5.12    Used cooking oils              75
    • 3.5.13    Green hydrogen production        76
    • 3.5.14    Blue hydrogen production           77
  • 3.6          Blue biotechnology (Marine biotechnology)         80
    • 3.6.1      Cyanobacteria   81
    • 3.6.2      Algae     82
    • 3.6.3      Companies         83

 

4              MARKET ANALYSIS          84

  • 4.1          Market trends and drivers            84
  • 4.2          Industry challenges and constraints         85
  • 4.3          White biotechnology in the bioeconomy               86
  • 4.4          SWOT analysis   87
  • 4.5          Market map       89
  • 4.6          Main end-use markets  90
    • 4.6.1      Biofuels 90
      • 4.6.1.1   Solid Biofuels     92
      • 4.6.1.2   Liquid Biofuels  93
      • 4.6.1.3   Gaseous Biofuels             93
      • 4.6.1.4   Conventional Biofuels    94
      • 4.6.1.5   Advanced Biofuels           95
      • 4.6.1.6   Feedstocks         96
        • 4.6.1.6.1               First-generation (1-G)    97
        • 4.6.1.6.2               Second-generation (2-G)              99
          • 4.6.1.6.2.1           Lignocellulosic wastes and residues         100
          • 4.6.1.6.2.2           Biorefinery lignin              101
        • 4.6.1.6.3               Third-generation (3-G)  105
          • 4.6.1.6.3.1           Algal biofuels     105
            • 4.6.1.6.3.1.1        Properties           106
          • 4.6.1.6.3.1.2        Advantages        106
        • 4.6.1.6.4           Fourth-generation (4-G) 108
        • 4.6.1.6.5               Energy crops      108
        • 4.6.1.6.6               Agricultural residues      109
        • 4.6.1.6.7               Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste           109
        • 4.6.1.6.8               Forestry and wood waste             110
        • 4.6.1.6.9               Feedstock costs 110
      • 4.6.1.7   Bioethanol          111
        • 4.6.1.7.1               Ethanol to jet fuel technology     112
        • 4.6.1.7.2               Methanol from pulp & paper production               112
        • 4.6.1.7.3               Sulfite spent liquor fermentation              113
        • 4.6.1.7.4               Gasification        113
          • 4.6.1.7.4.1           Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation    113
          • 4.6.1.7.4.2           Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion        114
        • 4.6.1.7.5               CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis           114
        • 4.6.1.7.6               Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation     115
        • 4.6.1.7.7               Separate hydrolysis and fermentation    115
          • 4.6.1.7.7.1           Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)     116
          • 4.6.1.7.7.2           Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)             116
          • 4.6.1.7.7.3           Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)            116
          • 4.6.1.7.7.4           Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)      116
      • 4.6.1.8   Biodiesel              117
      • 4.6.1.9   Biogas   120
        • 4.6.1.9.1               Biomethane       121
        • 4.6.1.9.2               Feedstocks         123
        • 4.6.1.9.3               Anaerobic digestion        123
      • 4.6.1.10                Renewable diesel            124
      • 4.6.1.11                Biojet fuel           126
      • 4.6.1.12                Algal biofuels (blue biotech)        130
        • 4.6.1.12.1             Conversion pathways     130
        • 4.6.1.12.2             Market challenges           132
        • 4.6.1.12.3             Prices    133
        • 4.6.1.12.4             Producers           133
      • 4.6.1.13                Biohydrogen      134
        • 4.6.1.13.1             Biological Conversion Routes      136
        • 4.6.1.13.1.1         Bio-photochemical Reaction        136
        • 4.6.1.13.1.2         Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion   137
      • 4.6.1.14                Biobutanol          137
      • 4.6.1.15                Bio-based methanol       139
        • 4.6.1.15.1             Anaerobic digestion        141
        • 4.6.1.15.2             Biomass gasification        142
        • 4.6.1.15.3             Power to Methane          142
      • 4.6.1.16                Bioisoprene        143
      • 4.6.1.17                Fatty Acid Esters               143
    • 4.6.2      Bio-based chemicals       144
      • 4.6.2.1   Acetic acid           144
      • 4.6.2.2   Adipic acid           144
      • 4.6.2.3   Aldehydes          145
      • 4.6.2.4   Acrylic acid          146
      • 4.6.2.5   Bacterial cellulose            147
      • 4.6.2.6   1,4-Butanediol (BDO)     149
      • 4.6.2.7   Bio-DME              150
      • 4.6.2.8   Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)         151
      • 4.6.2.9   Ethylene              152
      • 4.6.2.10                3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) 152
      • 4.6.2.11                1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)           153
      • 4.6.2.12                Itaconic acid       154
      • 4.6.2.13                Lactic acid (D-LA)             155
      • 4.6.2.14                1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)          156
      • 4.6.2.15                Tetrahydrofuran (THF)   157
      • 4.6.2.16                Malonic acid       158
      • 4.6.2.17                Monoethylene glycol (MEG)       159
      • 4.6.2.18                Propylene           160
      • 4.6.2.19                Succinic acid (SA)             161
      • 4.6.2.20                Triglycerides       163
      • 4.6.2.21                Enzymes              163
      • 4.6.2.22                Vitamins              163
      • 4.6.2.23                Antibiotics           164
    • 4.6.3      Bioplastics and Biopolymers        165
      • 4.6.3.1   Polylactic acid (PLA)        165
      • 4.6.3.2   PHAs     168
        • 4.6.3.2.1               Types    169
          • 4.6.3.2.1.1           PHB        171
          • 4.6.3.2.1.2           PHBV     172
        • 4.6.3.2.2               Synthesis and production processes        173
        • 4.6.3.2.3               Commercially available PHAs      176
      • 4.6.3.3   Bio-PET 177
      • 4.6.3.4   Starch blends     178
      • 4.6.3.5   Protein-based bioplastics             178
    • 4.6.4      Bioremediation 180
    • 4.6.5      Biocatalysis         181
      • 4.6.5.1   Biotransformations         182
      • 4.6.5.2   Cascade biocatalysis        182
      • 4.6.5.3   Co-factor recycling           182
      • 4.6.5.4   Immobilization  183
    • 4.6.6      Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients         183
      • 4.6.6.1   Alternative Proteins        184
      • 4.6.6.2   Natural Sweeteners        185
      • 4.6.6.3   Natural Flavors and Fragrances  185
      • 4.6.6.4   Texturants and Thickeners           186
      • 4.6.6.5   Nutraceuticals and Supplements               186
    • 4.6.7      Sustainable agriculture  187
      • 4.6.7.1   Biofertilizers       187
        • 4.6.7.1.1               Overview            187
        • 4.6.7.1.2               Companies         187
      • 4.6.7.2   Biopesticides     188
        • 4.6.7.2.1               Overview            188
        • 4.6.7.2.2               Companies         188
      • 4.6.7.3   Biostimulants     189
        • 4.6.7.3.1               Overview            189
        • 4.6.7.3.2               Companies         189
      • 4.6.7.4   Crop Biotechnology        190
        • 4.6.7.4.1               Genetic engineering       190
        • 4.6.7.4.2               Genome editing 190
        • 4.6.7.4.3               Companies         191
    • 4.6.8      Textiles 192
      • 4.6.8.1   Bio-Based Fibers               192
        • 4.6.8.1.1               Lyocell  192
        • 4.6.8.1.2               Bacterial cellulose            193
        • 4.6.8.1.3               Algae textiles     193
      • 4.6.8.2   Recombinant Materials 194
      • 4.6.8.3   Sustainable Processing  195
    • 4.6.9      Pharmaceuticals               195
    • 4.6.10    Cosmetics           197
    • 4.6.11    Surfactants and detergents         198
    • 4.6.12    Cement 199
      • 4.6.12.1                Biocement          199
      • 4.6.12.2                Mycelium materials         201
  • 4.7          Global market revenues 2018-2034          203
    • 4.7.1      By market           203
    • 4.7.2      By region             205
  • 4.8          Future Market Outlook  207

 

5              COMPANY PROFILES       208

  • 5.1          Aemetis, Inc.      208
  • 5.2          AEP Polymers    209
  • 5.3          AgBiome              209
  • 5.4          ÄIO        210
  • 5.5          Algal Bio Co., Ltd.             211
  • 5.6          Algenol 211
  • 5.7          AlgiKnit 212
  • 5.8          Algiecel ApS       213
  • 5.9          AgriSea NZ Seaweed Ltd               214
  • 5.10        Alpha Biofuels (Singapore) Pte Ltd            216
  • 5.11        AmphiStar           216
  • 5.12        AMSilk GmbH    217
  • 5.13        Andes Ag, Inc.    218
  • 5.14        Antheia 218
  • 5.15        Apeel Sciences  219
  • 5.16        Arctic Biomaterials Oy    220
  • 5.17        Ardra Bio             220
  • 5.18        Arkeon 221
  • 5.19        Arzeda  221
  • 5.20        Asimov 222
  • 5.21        AVA Biochem AG              223
  • 5.22        Avantium B.V.   223
  • 5.23        Azolla    225
  • 5.24        Axcelon Biopolymers Corporation             225
  • 5.25        BBCA Biochemical & GALACTIC Lactic Acid Co., Ltd.           226
  • 5.26        Benefuel Inc.     227
  • 5.27        BioBetter             228
  • 5.28        Bioextrax AB      229
  • 5.29        Bio Fab NZ           229
  • 5.30        Biokemik             230
  • 5.31        BIOLO   232
  • 5.32        Biomason, Inc.   232
  • 5.33        Bioplastech Ltd 233
  • 5.34        BioSmart Nano  234
  • 5.35        Biotic Circular Technologies Ltd. 234
  • 5.36        Biosyntia              235
  • 5.37        Biotecam             236
  • 5.38        Bioweg 236
  • 5.39        bit.bio   237
  • 5.40        Bloom Biorenewables SA              238
  • 5.41        BluCon Biotech GmbH    238
  • 5.42        Blue BioFuels, Inc.            239
  • 5.43        Bluepha Beijing Lanjing Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.             240
  • 5.44        Bon Vivant          241
  • 5.45        Bolt Threads       241
  • 5.46        Bosk Bioproducts Inc.     242
  • 5.47        Bowil Biotech Sp. z o.o.              242
  • 5.48        Braskem SA        243
  • 5.49        Brightseed          244
  • 5.50        Bucha Bio, Inc.   245
  • 5.51        C1 Green Chemicals AG 245
  • 5.52        C16 Biosciences 246
  • 5.53        CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co, Ltd  247
  • 5.54        California Cultured          247
  • 5.55        Calysta  248
  • 5.56        Camena Bioscience         249
  • 5.57        Carbios 249
  • 5.58        Cargill    250
  • 5.59        Calyxt    251
  • 5.60        Cascade Biocatalysts       251
  • 5.61        Cass Materials Pty Ltd    252
  • 5.62        Catalyxx               253
  • 5.63        Cauldron              253
  • 5.64        ChainCraft           254
  • 5.65        Chitose Bio Evolution Pte Ltd.     255
  • 5.66        CinderBio            255
  • 5.67        Circe      256
  • 5.68        CJ Biomaterials, Inc.        256
  • 5.69        Clean Food Group            258
  • 5.70        Colossal Biosciences       258
  • 5.71        Colipi     259
  • 5.72        Conagen              259
  • 5.73        Constructive Bio               260
  • 5.74        Danimer Scientific            260
  • 5.75        Debut Biotechnology      261
  • 5.76        Deep Branch Biotechnology        262
  • 5.77        Demetrix             263
  • 5.78        Dispersa               263
  • 5.79        Domsjö Fabriker AB         264
  • 5.80        DuPont 266
  • 5.81        Ecovative Design LLC       267
  • 5.82        Eco Fuel Technology, Inc               269
  • 5.83        Eden Brew          270
  • 5.84        EggPlant Srl         270
  • 5.85        Elo Life Systems 271
  • 5.86        Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT)              271
  • 5.87        EnginZyme AB   272
  • 5.88        Eni S.p.A.             273
  • 5.89        Enzymaster        273
  • 5.90        Enzymit 274
  • 5.91        FabricNano         275
  • 5.92        Fermentalg         275
  • 5.93        eniferBio             276
  • 5.94        ENOUGH             277
  • 5.95        Epoch Biodesign               277
  • 5.96        Evolved By Nature           278
  • 5.97        Evonik Industries AG      279
  • 5.98        Farmless              279
  • 5.99        Fermelanta         280
  • 5.100     Full Cycle Bioplastics LLC               280
  • 5.101     Futerro 281
  • 5.102     Future Fields      282
  • 5.103     Gaiamer Biotechnologies              283
  • 5.104     Geltor   283
  • 5.105     Gen3Bio               284
  • 5.106     Genecis Bioindustries, Inc.           285
  • 5.107     Gevo, Inc             285
  • 5.108     Genomatica       286
  • 5.109     Ginkgo Bioworks              287
  • 5.110     Green Bioactives              287
  • 5.111     Green Earth Institute      288
  • 5.112     Hexagon Bio       289
  • 5.113     Humintech GmbH            289
  • 5.114     Hyfé      290
  • 5.115     Iogen Corporation           290
  • 5.116     Insempra             291
  • 5.117     Ittinsect               291
  • 5.118     Itaconix 292
  • 5.119     Kalion, Inc.          293
  • 5.120     Kane Biotech, Inc.            294
  • 5.121     Kinish    294
  • 5.122     Kraig Biocraft Laboratories           295
  • 5.123     Lanzatech            295
  • 5.124     LCY Biosciences 298
  • 5.125     Liberation Labs  298
  • 5.126     Loam Bio              299
  • 5.127     Leaf Resources Ltd.         299
  • 5.128     Lignoflow Technologies AB           300
  • 5.129     Lignolix, Inc.       301
  • 5.130     LignoPure GmbH              302
  • 5.131     Lignovations GmbH         303
  • 5.132     Living Ink Technologies  303
  • 5.133     Lixea Limited      304
  • 5.134     Lumen Bioscience            305
  • 5.135     Lygos, Inc             306
  • 5.136     LXP Group GmbH             306
  • 5.137     MadeRight          307
  • 5.138     MakeGrowLab  308
  • 5.139     Mango Materials, Inc.    309
  • 5.140     Marea   310
  • 5.141     Melt & Marble  311
  • 5.142     MedPHA Bio-Tech Co., Ltd.          311
  • 5.143     METabolic EXplorer S.A. (METEX)              312
  • 5.144     Metgen Oy         312
  • 5.145     Michroma           313
  • 5.146     Modern Meadow, Inc.   313
  • 5.147     Modern Synthesis           314
  • 5.148     Mogrify 315
  • 5.149     Molecular Assemblies    316
  • 5.150     Moolec Science 316
  • 5.151     Multus Biotechnology    317
  • 5.152     MycoCycle, Inc. 317
  • 5.153     MycoTechnology             318
  • 5.154     MYCL     319
  • 5.155     MycoWorks        320
  • 5.156     Myconeos           321
  • 5.157     Mylium BV          322
  • 5.158     Nafigate Corporation a.s.              322
  • 5.159     NatPol  323
  • 5.160     NatureWorks LLC             324
  • 5.161     Nereid Biomaterials        325
  • 5.162     NefFa    325
  • 5.163     Newlight Technologies LLC           326
  • 5.164     Ningbo Tianan Biologic Material 327
  • 5.165     NoPalm Ingredients        327
  • 5.166     Nosh.bio              328
  • 5.167     Notpla  328
  • 5.168     Nourish 329
  • 5.169     Novomer             330
  • 5.170     Novozymes A/S 331
  • 5.171     Oakbio, Inc.        331
  • 5.172     Octarine Bio       332
  • 5.173     Onego Bio           333
  • 5.174     Oimo     333
  • 5.175     Origin by Ocean 334
  • 5.176     Paques Biomaterials       335
  • 5.177     Pearl Bio              335
  • 5.178     Perfect Day         336
  • 5.179     PHABuilder         336
  • 5.180     Photanol B.V.     337
  • 5.181     Phylloceuticals  338
  • 5.182     Phytolon              338
  • 5.183     Pili          339
  • 5.184     Pivot Materials LLC          339
  • 5.185     Plastus  340
  • 5.186     PoLoPo 340
  • 5.187     Polybion              341
  • 5.188     Pow.bio               342
  • 5.189     Prometheus Materials   342
  • 5.190     Protein Evolution             343
  • 5.191     Provectus Algae 344
  • 5.192     Polyferm             345
  • 5.193     Praj Industries Ltd.          345
  • 5.194     Q-milk GmbH     347
  • 5.195     Roquette S.A.    348
  • 5.196     RWDC   349
  • 5.197     Samsara Eco Pty Ltd.       350
  • 5.198     Saphium Biotechnology GMBH   351
  • 5.199     Scindo   351
  • 5.200     ScobyTec GmbH               352
  • 5.201     Seawear Ltd.      352
  • 5.202     Seevix Material Sciences Ltd.       353
  • 5.203     Sekab E-Technology AB 354
  • 5.204     Seminal Biosciences        355
  • 5.205     Smartfiber AG   355
  • 5.206     Solar Foods         356
  • 5.207     Soma Bioworks/White Lemur Co.              357
  • 5.208     Solugen 358
  • 5.209     Spiber, Inc.          358
  • 5.210     Spidey Tek          359
  • 5.211     Spinnova Oy       361
  • 5.212     St1 Oy   362
  • 5.213     SUPLA Bioplastics             362
  • 5.214     SWAY    363
  • 5.215     Teal Bioworks, Inc.           364
  • 5.216     Terra Bioindustries          364
  • 5.217     Teysha Technologies Limited       365
  • 5.218     thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG      366
  • 5.219     Tianjin GreenBio Materials Co., Ltd           366
  • 5.220     Total Corbion     367
  • 5.221     Treemera GmbH              369
  • 5.222     TripleW 369
  • 5.223     Uluu      370
  • 5.224     UPM Biochemicals           370
  • 5.225     VEnvirotech Biotechnology SL     372
  • 5.226     Versalis SpA        373
  • 5.227     Vertus Energy Ltd.           374
  • 5.228     Virent Inc.           375
  • 5.229     Visolis, Inc.          376
  • 5.230     Wild Microbes   377
  • 5.231     WNWN Food Labs            377
  • 5.232     Yali Bio  378
  • 5.233     Yield10 Bioscience, Inc.  379
  • 5.234     Zayt Bioscience 379
  • 5.235     Zero Acre Farms               380

 

6              GLOSSARY           381

  • 6.1          Acronyms            381
  • 6.2          Terms   382

 

7              REFERENCES       384

 

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. Biotechnology "colours".              22
  • Table 2. Differences between white biotechnology and conventional processes. 23
  • Table 3. Application areas of white biotechnology.            24
  • Table 4. Advantages of white biotechnology.       25
  • Table 5. Routes for carbon capture in white biotechnology.          26
  • Table 6. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.           31
  • Table 7. Commonly used bacterial hosts for white biotechnology production.       32
  • Table 8.Commonly used yeast hosts for white biotech production.             33
  • Table 9. Examples of fungal hosts used in white biotechnology processes.              34
  • Table 10. Examples of marine organisms as hosts for white biotechnology applications.    34
  • Table 11. Common microbial hosts used for enzyme production in white biotechnology. 35
  • Table 12. Photosynthetic microorganisms used as production hosts in white biotechnology.          36
  • Table 13. Biomanufacturing processes utilized in white biotechnology.    37
  • Table 14. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing               38
  • Table 15. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.         39
  • Table 16.  Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.        40
  • Table 17. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.    43
  • Table 18. Products and applications enabled by synthetic biology.              43
  • Table 19. Engineered proteins in industrial applications. 48
  • Table 20. Cell-free versus cell-based systems       51
  • Table 21. White biotechnology fermentation processes. 58
  • Table 22. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.   61
  • Table 23. C2 Feedstock Products.             62
  • Table 24. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.     65
  • Table 25. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers.   67
  • Table 26. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.      74
  • Table 27. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.         77
  • Table 28. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.          79
  • Table 29. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.          80
  • Table 30. Blue biotechnology companies.              83
  • Table 31. Market trends and drivers in white biotechnology.        84
  • Table 32.Industry challenges and restraints in white biotechnology.          85
  • Table 33. White biotechnology key application sectors and products.       90
  • Table 34. Comparison of biofuels.             90
  • Table 35. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.           92
  • Table 36. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.        95
  • Table 37. Classification of biomass feedstock.     96
  • Table 38. Biorefinery feedstocks.              96
  • Table 39. Feedstock conversion pathways.           97
  • Table 40. First-Generation Feedstocks.   97
  • Table 41.  Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.  100
  • Table 42. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins. 101
  • Table 43. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and  processes 102
  • Table 44. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.  104
  • Table 45. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.         106
  • Table 46. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.             107
  • Table 47.  Processes in bioethanol production.  115
  • Table 48. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.           117
  • Table 49. Biodiesel by generation.            118
  • Table 50. Biodiesel production techniques.          119
  • Table 51. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.      120
  • Table 52. Biogas feedstocks.       123
  • Table 53. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.       126
  • Table 54. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.        127
  • Table 55. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.           129
  • Table 56. Algae-derived biofuel producers.           133
  • Table 57. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.       135
  • Table 58. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways. 136
  • Table 59. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.     137
  • Table 60. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.      141
  • Table 61. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.               145
  • Table 62. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.  146
  • Table 63. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).             150
  • Table 64. Applications of bio-based ethylene.     152
  • Table 65. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.  153
  • Table 66. Applications of 3-HP.   153
  • Table 67. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).   154
  • Table 68. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.    155
  • Table 69. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.               155
  • Table 70. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).   156
  • Table 71. Applications of DN5.    157
  • Table 72. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).          158
  • Table 73. Markets and applications for malonic acid.        159
  • Table 74. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.  159
  • Table 75. Applications of bio-based MEG.              160
  • Table 76. Applications of bio-based propylene.   160
  • Table 77. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.   162
  • Table 78. Applications of succinic acid.    162
  • Table 79. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .    165
  • Table 80. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.               166
  • Table 81. PLA producers and production capacities.          167
  • Table 82.Types of PHAs and properties. 171
  • Table 83. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers. 172
  • Table 84. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.          175
  • Table 85. Commercially available PHAs.  176
  • Table 86. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.             179
  • Table 87. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.              181
  • Table 88. Biofertilizer companies.             187
  • Table 89. Biopesticides companies.          188
  • Table 90. Biostimulants companies.         189
  • Table 91. Crop biotechnology companies.             191
  • Table 92. Pharmaceutical applications of white biotechnology.    196
  • Table 93. Applications of white biotechnology in the cosmetics industry. 197
  • Table 94. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.   198
  • Table 95. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2034 (Billion USD).  203
  • Table 96. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2034 (Billion USD).   205
  • Table 97. White biotechnology Glossary of Acronyms.     381
  • Table 98. White biotechnology Glossary of Terms.             382

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.          46
  • Figure 2. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.   51
  • Figure 3. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.        53
  • Figure 4. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.            54
  • Figure 5. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.   63
  • Figure 6. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.      64
  • Figure 7. Overview of biogas utilization.  69
  • Figure 8. Biogas and biomethane pathways.        70
  • Figure 9. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.               71
  • Figure 10. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.           81
  • Figure 11. SWOT analysis: white biotechnology. 88
  • Figure 12. Market map: white biotechnology.      89
  • Figure 13.  Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.    102
  • Figure 14. Hydrolytic lignin powder.        105
  • Figure 15. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.        110
  • Figure 16. Overview of biogas utilization.               121
  • Figure 17. Biogas and biomethane pathways.      122
  • Figure 18. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.            124
  • Figure 19. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.          131
  • Figure 20.  Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.     134
  • Figure 22. Biobutanol production route. 138
  • Figure 23. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.              140
  • Figure 24. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.              141
  • Figure 25. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.       142
  • Figure 26. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.     143
  • Figure 27. Overview of Toray process.     144
  • Figure 28. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes              148
  • Figure 29. PHA family.    170
  • Figure 30. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.         194
  • Figure 31. BioMason cement.     200
  • Figure 32. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.    200
  • Figure 33. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.     201
  • Figure 34. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.          202
  • Figure 35. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by market, 2018-2034 (Billion USD). 204
  • Figure 36. Global revenues for white biotechnology, by region, 2018-2034 (Billion USD).  206
  • Figure 37. Algiknit yarn. 212
  • Figure 38. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.    214
  • Figure 194. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.      215
  • Figure 39. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.            232
  • Figure 40. Domsjö process.          265
  • Figure 42. Mushroom leather.    268
  • Figure 41. PHA production process.         281
  • Figure 43. Lignin gel.       301
  • Figure 44. BioFlex process.           304
  • Figure 45. TransLeather.               309
  • Figure 46. Reishi.              321
  • Figure 47. Compostable water pod.         329
  • Figure 48.  Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.            344
  • Figure 49. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.               346
  • Figure 50. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.    348
  • Figure 51. Lyocell process.           356
  • Figure 52. Spider silk production.              360
  • Figure 53. Corbion FDCA production process.      368
  • Figure 54. UPM biorefinery process.        371
  • Figure 55. The Proesa® Process. 373

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Global Market for White Biotechnology 2024-2034
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