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Quantum Tech Market

The Global Quantum Technology Market 2025-2035

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Quantum Computing, Quantum Chemistry, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Cybersecurity, Quantum Communications, Quantum Sensors and Quantum Batteries. 

  • Published: August 2024
  • Pages: 409
  • Tables: 98
  • Figures: 73

 

The global quantum technology market is an emerging industry with the potential to revolutionize computing, cryptography, sensing, imaging, and communications. Billions of dollars have been invested so far, reflecting the massive interest from governments, established tech giants, and venture capitalists. 

The Global Quantum Technology Market 2025-2035 provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly evolving quantum technology landscape, offering strategic insights into market trends, technological advancements, and growth projections for the period 2025-2035. As quantum technologies transition from research labs to commercial applications, this report serves as an essential guide for investors, policymakers, and industry stakeholders navigating this transformative field. Report contents include:

  • Market Size and Growth Projections: Detailed forecasts for the global quantum technology market, segmented by key sectors including quantum computing, quantum communications, and quantum sensing.
  • Technology Analysis: In-depth examination of various quantum technologies, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, silicon spin qubits, photonic qubits, and emerging approaches like topological quantum computing.
  • Application Landscape: Comprehensive overview of quantum technology applications across industries such as pharmaceuticals, finance, cybersecurity, and materials science.
  • Competitive Landscape: Analysis of over 265 key players, from tech giants to innovative startups, shaping the quantum technology ecosystem. Companies profiled include Diraq, LQUOM, memQ, Nanofiber Quantum Technologies, Nomad Atomics, Oxford Ionics, PASQAL, Planckian, Polaris Quantum Biotech (POLARISqb), PsiQuantum, Quantum Bridge, Quantum Circuits, Inc.,  QUANTier, Quantum Brilliance, Quantum Motion, Quantinuum, Quside Technologies S.L.,  Quobly, Riverlane, SemiQon, Silicon Extreme, Silicon Quantum Computing (SQC) and Sparrow Quantum.
  • Investment Trends: Insights into venture capital, corporate investments, and government funding driving the quantum sector's growth.
  • Regulatory Environment: Overview of global government initiatives and regulatory frameworks influencing quantum technology development and adoption.
  • Quantum Computing: Analysis of hardware (including various qubit technologies), software platforms, and quantum-as-a-service offerings.
  • Quantum Communications: Examination of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, post-quantum cryptography, and the emerging quantum internet.
  • Quantum Sensing: Insights into quantum sensors for applications in navigation, medical imaging, and scientific research.
  • Materials for Quantum Technology: Overview of critical materials and components enabling quantum devices.
  • Quantum technology applications across various sectors:
    • Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare: Drug discovery, protein folding simulations
    • Finance: Portfolio optimization, risk analysis, fraud detection
    • Cybersecurity: Post-quantum cryptography, secure communications
    • Materials Science: Quantum chemistry simulations for new materials development
    • Logistics and Transportation: Route optimization, traffic flow management
  • Long-term market projections to 2035
  • Potential disruptive technologies and their impact
  • Scenarios for quantum supremacy and its implications across industries

 

This market report is an indispensable resource for:

  • Quantum technology companies and start-ups
  • Investors and venture capitalists
  • Government agencies and policymakers
  • Research institutions and universities
  • Technology consultants and analysts
  • End-user industries exploring quantum applications

 

Download table of contents (PDF)

1             EXECUTIVE SUMMARY            21

  • 1.1        First and second quantum revolutions         21
  • 1.2        Current quantum technology market landscape   22
    • 1.2.1    Key developments      22
  • 1.3        Investment Landscape            23
  • 1.4        Global government initiatives             24
  • 1.5        Industry developments 2020-2024 26
  • 1.6        Challenges for quantum technologies adoption    35

 

2             QUANTUM COMPUTING        37

  • 2.1        What is quantum computing?            37
    • 2.1.1    Operating principle    38
    • 2.1.2    Classical vs quantum computing    39
    • 2.1.3    Quantum computing technology      41
      • 2.1.3.1 Quantum emulators  44
      • 2.1.3.2 Quantum inspired computing            44
      • 2.1.3.3 Quantum annealing computers        44
      • 2.1.3.4 Quantum simulators 44
      • 2.1.3.5 Digital quantum computers 44
      • 2.1.3.6 Continuous variables quantum computers               45
      • 2.1.3.7 Measurement Based Quantum Computing (MBQC)           45
      • 2.1.3.8 Topological quantum computing      45
      • 2.1.3.9 Quantum Accelerator               45
    • 2.1.4    Competition from other technologies           46
      • 2.1.5    Quantum algorithms 48
      • 2.1.5.1 Quantum Software Stack      49
      • 2.1.5.2 Quantum Machine Learning 50
      • 2.1.5.3 Quantum Simulation 50
      • 2.1.5.4 Quantum Optimization           51
      • 2.1.5.5 Quantum Cryptography          51
        • 2.1.5.5.1           Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)      51
        • 2.1.5.5.2           Post-Quantum Cryptography             52
    • 2.1.6    Hardware          53
      • 2.1.6.1 Qubit Technologies    54
        • 2.1.6.1.1           Superconducting Qubits        55
          • 2.1.6.1.1.1      Technology description           55
          • 2.1.6.1.1.2      Materials           56
          • 2.1.6.1.1.3      Market players               58
          • 2.1.6.1.1.4      Swot analysis 59
        • 2.1.6.1.2           Trapped Ion Qubits    60
          • 2.1.6.1.2.1      Technology description           60
          • 2.1.6.1.2.2      Materials           62
            • 2.1.6.1.2.2.1  Integrating optical components        62
            • 2.1.6.1.2.2.2  Incorporating high-quality mirrors and optical cavities      62
            • 2.1.6.1.2.2.3  Engineering the vacuum packaging and encapsulation     63
            • 2.1.6.1.2.2.4  Removal of waste heat            63
          • 2.1.6.1.2.3      Market players               64
          • 2.1.6.1.2.4      Swot analysis 64
        • 2.1.6.1.3           Silicon Spin Qubits    65
          • 2.1.6.1.3.1      Technology description           65
          • 2.1.6.1.3.2      Quantum dots               66
          • 2.1.6.1.3.3      Market players               68
          • 2.1.6.1.3.4      SWOT analysis              69
        • 2.1.6.1.4           Topological Qubits     70
          • 2.1.6.1.4.1      Technology description           70
            • 2.1.6.1.4.1.1  Cryogenic cooling       71
          • 2.1.6.1.4.2      Market players               71
          • 2.1.6.1.4.3      SWOT analysis              72
        • 2.1.6.1.5           Photonic Qubits           72
          • 2.1.6.1.5.1      Technology description           72
          • 2.1.6.1.5.2      Market players               75
          • 2.1.6.1.5.3      Swot analysis 76
        • 2.1.6.1.6           Neutral atom (cold atom) qubits       77
          • 2.1.6.1.6.1      Technology description           77
          • 2.1.6.1.6.2      Market players               79
          • 2.1.6.1.6.3      Swot analysis 79
        • 2.1.6.1.7           Diamond-defect qubits          80
          • 2.1.6.1.7.1      Technology description           80
          • 2.1.6.1.7.2      SWOT analysis              83
          • 2.1.6.1.7.3      Market players               84
        • 2.1.6.1.8           Quantum annealers  84
          • 2.1.6.1.8.1      Technology description           84
          • 2.1.6.1.8.2      SWOT analysis              86
          • 2.1.6.1.8.3      Market players               87
      • 2.1.6.2 Architectural Approaches     87
    • 2.1.7    Software            88
      • 2.1.7.1 Technology description           89
      • 2.1.7.2 Cloud-based services- QCaaS (Quantum Computing as a Service).        89
      • 2.1.7.3 Market players               90
  • 2.2        Market challenges      93
  • 2.3        SWOT analysis              94
  • 2.4        Quantum computing value chain     95
  • 2.5        Markets and applications for quantum computing               96
    • 2.5.1    Pharmaceuticals         96
      • 2.5.1.1 Market overview           96
        • 2.5.1.1.1           Drug discovery              97
        • 2.5.1.1.2           Diagnostics    97
        • 2.5.1.1.3           Molecular simulations            97
        • 2.5.1.1.4           Genomics        98
        • 2.5.1.1.5           Proteins and RNA folding       98
      • 2.5.1.2 Market players               99
    • 2.5.2    Chemicals       100
      • 2.5.2.1 Market overview           100
      • 2.5.2.2 Market players               100
    • 2.5.3    Transportation              101
      • 2.5.3.1 Market overview           101
      • 2.5.3.2 Market players               103
    • 2.5.4    Financial services       104
      • 2.5.4.1 Market overview           104
      • 2.5.4.2 Market players               104

 

3             QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)          106

  • 3.1        Technology description           106
  • 3.2        Applications   106
  • 3.3        SWOT analysis              107
  • 3.4        Market challenges      108
  • 3.5        Market players               108

 

4             QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS        110

  • 4.1        Technology description           110
  • 4.2        Types   110
  • 4.3        Applications   111
  • 4.4        Quantum Random Numbers Generators (QRNG) 111
    • 4.4.1    Overview           111
    • 4.4.2    Applications   113
      • 4.4.2.1 Encryption for Data Centers 114
      • 4.4.2.2 Consumer Electronics             114
      • 4.4.2.3 Automotive/Connected Vehicle         115
      • 4.4.2.4 Gambling and Gaming            116
      • 4.4.2.5 Monte Carlo Simulations       117
    • 4.4.3    Advantages     118
    • 4.4.4    Principle of Operation of Optical QRNG Technology            119
    • 4.4.5    Non-optical approaches to QRNG technology        121
    • 4.4.6    SWOT Analysis             121
  • 4.5        Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)      122
    • 4.5.1    Overview           122
    • 4.5.2    Asymmetric and Symmetric Keys     122
    • 4.5.3    Principle behind QKD               124
    • 4.5.4    Why is QKD More Secure Than Other Key Exchange Mechanisms?           125
    • 4.5.5    Discrete Variable vs. Continuous Variable QKD Protocols               126
    • 4.5.6    Key Players      127
    • 4.5.7    Challenges      128
    • 4.5.8    SWOT Analysis             130
  • 4.6        Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) 131
    • 4.6.1    Overview           131
    • 4.6.2    Security systems integration               131
    • 4.6.3    PQC standardization 132
    • 4.6.4    Transitioning cryptographic systems to PQC            132
    • 4.6.5    Market players               134
    • 4.6.6    SWOT Analysis             135
  • 4.7        Quantum homomorphic cryptography         136
  • 4.8        Quantum Teleportation           137
  • 4.9        Quantum Networks   137
    • 4.9.1    Overview           137
    • 4.9.2    Advantages     137
    • 4.9.3    Role of Trusted Nodes and Trusted Relays  138
    • 4.9.4    Entanglement Swapping and Optical Switches      138
    • 4.9.5    Multiplexing quantum signals with classical channels in the O-band      139
      • 4.9.5.1 Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM)              140
    • 4.9.6    Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD)      140
    • 4.9.7    Enabling global-scale quantum communication   141
    • 4.9.8    Advanced optical fibers and interconnects               142
    • 4.9.9    Photodetectors in quantum networks           143
      • 4.9.9.1 Avalanche photodetectors (APDs)   143
      • 4.9.9.2 Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs)   143
      • 4.9.9.3 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)      144
    • 4.9.10 Cryostats          144
      • 4.9.10.1            Cryostat architectures             145
    • 4.9.11 Infrastructure requirements 148
    • 4.9.12 Global activity               150
      • 4.9.12.1            China  150
      • 4.9.12.2            Europe                151
      • 4.9.12.3            The Netherlands          151
      • 4.9.12.4            The United Kingdom  152
      • 4.9.12.5            US         152
      • 4.9.12.6            Japan  153
    • 4.9.13 SWOT analysis              154
  • 4.10     Quantum Memory      155
  • 4.11     Quantum Internet       155
  • 4.12     Market challenges      155
  • 4.13     Market players               156

 

5             QUANTUM SENSING 160

  • 5.1        Technology description           160
    • 5.1.1    Quantum Sensing Principles               161
    • 5.1.2    SWOT analysis              164
    • 5.1.3    Atomic Clocks               165
      • 5.1.3.1 High frequency oscillators    166
        • 5.1.3.1.1           Emerging oscillators  166
      • 5.1.3.2 Caesium atoms            166
      • 5.1.3.3 Self-calibration             166
      • 5.1.3.4 Optical atomic clocks              167
        • 5.1.3.4.1           Chip-scale optical clocks      168
      • 5.1.3.5 Companies     169
      • 5.1.3.6 SWOT analysis              169
    • 5.1.4    Quantum Magnetic Field Sensors    171
      • 5.1.4.1 Introduction    171
      • 5.1.4.2 Motivation for use       171
      • 5.1.4.3 Market opportunity    173
      • 5.1.4.4 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (Squids)             173
        • 5.1.4.4.1           Applications   173
        • 5.1.4.4.2           Key players      176
        • 5.1.4.4.3           SWOT analysis              176
      • 5.1.4.5 Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs)               177
        • 5.1.4.5.1           Applications   177
        • 5.1.4.5.2           Key players      178
        • 5.1.4.5.3           SWOT analysis              179
      • 5.1.4.6 Tunneling Magneto Resistance Sensors (TMRs)     180
        • 5.1.4.6.1           Applications   180
        • 5.1.4.6.2           Key players      181
        • 5.1.4.6.3           SWOT analysis              181
      • 5.1.4.7 Nitrogen Vacancy Centers (N-V Centers)     182
        • 5.1.4.7.1           Applications   183
        • 5.1.4.7.2           Key players      183
        • 5.1.4.7.3           SWOT analysis              184
    • 5.1.5    Quantum Gravimeters             185
      • 5.1.5.1 Technology description           185
      • 5.1.5.2 Applications   186
      • 5.1.5.3 Key players      188
      • 5.1.5.4 SWOT analysis              189
    • 5.1.6    Quantum Gyroscopes              190
      • 5.1.6.1 Technology description           190
        • 5.1.6.1.1           Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) 191
        • 5.1.6.1.2           Atomic quantum gyroscopes              191
      • 5.1.6.2 Applications   192
      • 5.1.6.3 Key players      193
      • 5.1.6.4 SWOT analysis              194
    • 5.1.7    Quantum Image Sensors       195
      • 5.1.7.1 Technology description           195
      • 5.1.7.2 Applications   196
      • 5.1.7.3 SWOT analysis              197
      • 5.1.7.4 Key players      198
    • 5.1.8    Quantum Radar           199
      • 5.1.8.1 Technology description           199
      • 5.1.8.2 Applications   200
    • 5.1.9    Quantum chemical sensors 201
      • 5.1.10 Quantum NEM and MEMs     202
        • 5.1.10.1            Technology description           202
  • 5.2        Market and technology challenges  202

 

6             QUANTUM BATTERIES             204

  • 6.1        Technology description           204
  • 6.2        Types   205
  • 6.3        Applications   206
  • 6.4        SWOT analysis              206
  • 6.5        Market challenges      207
  • 6.6        Market players               208

 

7             MATERIALS FOR QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY              209

  • 7.1        Superconductors        209
    • 7.1.1    Overview           209
    • 7.1.2    Types and Properties 210
    • 7.1.3    Opportunities 210
  • 7.2        Photonics, Silicon Photonics and Optical Components   211
    • 7.2.1    Overview           211
    • 7.2.2    Types and Properties 211
    • 7.2.3    Opportunities 212
  • 7.3        Nanomaterials              213
    • 7.3.1    Overview           213
    • 7.3.2    Types and Properties 213
    • 7.3.3    Opportunities 213

 

8             MARKET ANALYSIS      215

  • 8.1        Market map    215
  • 8.2        Key industry players   216
    • 8.2.1    Start-ups           217
    • 8.2.2    Tech Giants     217
    • 8.2.3    National Initiatives     218
  • 8.3        Investment funding    218
    • 8.3.1    Venture Capital            220
    • 8.3.2    M&A     220
    • 8.3.3    Corporate Investment              221
    • 8.3.4    Government Funding                221
  • 8.4        Global market revenues 2018-2035               223
    • 8.4.1    Quantum computing 223
    • 8.4.2    Other segments           225
      • 8.4.2.1 Quantum sensors       225
      • 8.4.2.2 QKD systems 227

 

9             COMPANY PROFILES                229

  • 9.1 A* Quantum 229
  • 9.2 AbaQus 229
  • 9.3 Absolut System 230
  • 9.4 Adaptive Finance Technologies 230
  • 9.5 Aegiq 230
  • 9.6 Agnostiq GmbH 231
  • 9.7 Algorithmiq Oy 232
  • 9.8 Airbus 233
  • 9.9 Alea Quantum 233
  • 9.10 Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH (AQT) 234
  • 9.11 Alice&Bob 235
  • 9.12 Aliro Quantum 236
  • 9.13 Anametric, Inc. 237
  • 9.14 Anyon Systems Inc. 237
  • 9.15 Aqarios GmbH 238
  • 9.16 Aquark Technologies 238
  • 9.17 Archer Materials 239
  • 9.18 Arclight Quantum 240
  • 9.19 Arqit Quantum Inc. 240
  • 9.20 ARQUE Systems GmbH 241
  • 9.21 Artificial Brain 242
  • 9.22 Atlantic Quantum 242
  • 9.23 Atom Computing 243
  • 9.24 Atom Quantum Labs 243
  • 9.25 Atomionics 244
  • 9.26 Atos Quantum 245
  • 9.27 Baidu, Inc. 245
  • 9.28 BEIT 246
  • 9.29 Bleximo 246
  • 9.30 BlueQubit 247
  • 9.31 Bohr Quantum Technology 247
  • 9.32 Bosch Quantum Sensing 248
  • 9.33 BosonQ Ps 249
  • 9.34 C12 Quantum Electronics 249
  • 9.35 Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC) 250
  • 9.36 CAS Cold Atom 250
  • 9.37 CEW Systems Canada Inc. 251
  • 9.38 Chipiron 251
  • 9.39 Chiral Nano AG 252
  • 9.40 ColibriTD 252
  • 9.41 Classiq Technologies 253
  • 9.42 Crypta Labs Ltd. 254
  • 9.43 CryptoNext Security 254
  • 9.44 Crystal Quantum Computing 255
  • 9.45 D-Wave Systems 255
  • 9.46 Dirac 256
  • 9.47 Diraq 256
  • 9.48 Delft Circuits 257
  • 9.49 Delta g 258
  • 9.50 Duality Quantum Photonics 258
  • 9.51 EeroQ 258
  • 9.52 eleQtron 259
  • 9.53 Element Six 260
  • 9.54 Elyah 260
  • 9.55 Entropica Labs 261
  • 9.56 Equal1.labs 262
  • 9.57 EvolutionQ 262
  • 9.58 Exail Quantum Sensors 263
  • 9.59 EYL 263
  • 9.60 First Quantum, Inc. 264
  • 9.61 Fujitsu 265
  • 9.62 Genesis Quantum Technology 265
  • 9.63 Good Chemistry 266
  • 9.64 Google Quantum AI 266
  • 9.65 g2-Zero 267
  • 9.66 Haiqu 268
  • 9.67 Hefei Wanzheng Quantum Technology Co., Ltd. 268
  • 9.68 High Q Technologies Inc. 269
  • 9.69 Horizon Quantum Computing 269
  • 9.70 HQS Quantum Simulations 270
  • 9.71 HRL 271
  • 9.72 Huayi Quantum 271
  • 9.73 IBM 272
  • 9.74 Icarus Quantum 273
  • 9.75 Icosa Computing 274
  • 9.76 ID Quantique 274
  • 9.77 InfinityQ 275
  • 9.78 Infineon Technologies AG 276
  • 9.79 Infleqtion 276
  • 9.80 Intel 277
  • 9.81 IonQ 278
  • 9.82 ISARA Corporation 280
  • 9.83 IQM Quantum Computers 280
  • 9.84 JiJ 282
  • 9.85 JoS QUANTUM GmbH 282
  • 9.86 KEEQuant GmbH 283
  • 9.87 KETS Quantum Security 283
  • 9.88 Ki3 Photonics 284
  • 9.89 Kipu Quantum 284
  • 9.90 Kiutra GmbH 285
  • 9.91 Kuano Limited 285
  • 9.92 Kvantify 286
  • 9.93 levelQuantum 287
  • 9.94 Ligentec 287
  • 9.95 LQUOM 288
  • 9.96 Lux Quanta 288
  • 9.97 M Squared Lasers 289
  • 9.98 Materials Nexus 290
  • 9.99 Maybell Quantum Industries 290
  • 9.100 memQ 291
  • 9.101 Menlo Systems GmbH 292
  • 9.102 Menten AI 292
  • 9.103 Microsoft 293
  • 9.104 Miraex 293
  • 9.105 Molecular Quantum Solutions 294
  • 9.106 Montana Instruments 295
  • 9.107 Multiverse Computing 295
  • 9.108 Mycryofirm 296
  • 9.109 Nanofiber Quantum Technologies 296
  • 9.110 NEC Corporation 297
  • 9.111 Next Generation Quantum 298
  • 9.112 Nomad Atomics 298
  • 9.113 Nord Quantique 299
  • 9.114 Nordic Quantum Computing Group AS 299
  • 9.115 NTT 300
  • 9.116 Nu Quantum 300
  • 9.117 NVision 301
  • 9.118 1Qbit 302
  • 9.119 ORCA Computing 302
  • 9.120 Orange Quantum Systems 303
  • 9.121 Origin Quantum Computing Technology 304
  • 9.122 Oxford Ionics 305
  • 9.123 Oxford Quantum Circuits (OQC) 305
  • 9.124 PacketLight Networks 307
  • 9.125 ParityQC 307
  • 9.126 Pasqal 308
  • 9.127 Peptone 309
  • 9.128 Phasecraft 309
  • 9.129 Photonic, Inc. 310
  • 9.130 Pixel Photonics 311
  • 9.131 Planqc GmbH 311
  • 9.132 Planckian 312
  • 9.133 Plassys 313
  • 9.134 Polaris Quantum Biotech (POLARISqb) 313
  • 9.135 Post Quantum 314
  • 9.136 PQSecure 314
  • 9.137 PQShield 315
  • 9.138 ProteinQure 315
  • 9.139 PsiQuantum 316
  • 9.140 Q.ANT 317
  • 9.141 Q* Bird 318
  • 9.142 Qaisec 318
  • 9.143 Qasky (Anhui Wentian Quantum Technology) 319
  • 9.144 QBoson 319
  • 9.145 Qblox 320
  • 9.146 qBraid 320
  • 9.147 Q-CTRL 321
  • 9.148 QC Design 322
  • 9.149 QC Ware 322
  • 9.150 QC82 323
  • 9.151 Quantum Diamond Technologies Inc. (QDTI) 324
  • 9.152 QEDMA 324
  • 9.153 Qilimanjaro Quantum Tech 325
  • 9.154 Qindom 326
  • 9.155 QLM Technology 326
  • 9.156 QMware 327
  • 9.157 Qnami 328
  • 9.158 QphoX 328
  • 9.159 QpiAI 329
  • 9.160 Qrate Quantum Communications 330
  • 9.161 Qpurpose 330
  • 9.162 Quantum Resistant Cryptography (QRC) 330
  • 9.163 Qruise 331
  • 9.164 QSIMPLUS 331
  • 9.165 QSimulate 332
  • 9.166 QTI s.r.l. 333
  • 9.167 Quandela 333
  • 9.168 Quanscient Oy 334
  • 9.169 Quantagonia 335
  • 9.170 QuantaMap 335
  • 9.171 QuantCAD LLC 336
  • 9.172 QuantiCor Security GmbH 336
  • 9.173 Qunasys 337
  • 9.174 QUANTier 338
  • 9.175 Quantinuum 338
  • 9.176 QuantrolOx 339
  • 9.177 Quantropi 340
  • 9.178 Quantum Benchmark 341
  • 9.179 Quantum Bridge Technologies 341
  • 9.180 Quantum Brilliance 342
  • 9.181 Quantum Computing Inc. 343
  • 9.182 Quantum Circuits Inc 344
  • 9.183 QuantumCTek 344
  • 9.184 Quantum Diamond Technologies, Inc. 345
  • 9.185 QuantumDiamonds GmbH 346
  • 9.186 Quantum Dice 346
  • 9.187 Quantum Flytrap 347
  • 9.188 Quantum Generative Materials LLC 347
  • 9.189 Quantum Machines 348
  • 9.190 Quantum Mads 349
  • 9.191 Quantum Motion Technology 349
  • 9.192 Quantum Optics Jena GmbH 350
  • 9.193 Quantum Source 351
  • 9.194 Quantum South 351
  • 9.195 Quantum Systems 352
  • 9.196 Quantum Transistors 352
  • 9.197 Quantum Xchange 353
  • 9.198 QuantrolOx 353
  • 9.199 QuantX 354
  • 9.200 Qubitekk 354
  • 9.201 Qubit Pharmaceuticals 355
  • 9.202 Qubrid LLC 355
  • 9.203 QUDOOR 356
  • 9.204 QUDORA Technologies 356
  • 9.205 QuEL, Inc. 357
  • 9.206 QuEra Computing 357
  • 9.207 Quintessence Labs 358
  • 9.208 QuantGates 358
  • 9.209 QuantWare 358
  • 9.210 Quobly 359
  • 9.211 Quoherent 360
  • 9.212 QuiX Quantum 360
  • 9.213 QunaSys 361
  • 9.214 QNu Labs 362
  • 9.215 QuantLR 363
  • 9.216 QuantWare 363
  • 9.217 Qunova Computing 364
  • 9.218 Qunnect 364
  • 9.219 QuSecure 365
  • 9.220 Quside Technologies S.L. 365
  • 9.221 Qutronix 366
  • 9.222 Randaemon 366
  • 9.223 Resquant 367
  • 9.224 Rigetti Computing 367
  • 9.225 Riverlane 368
  • 9.226 Rotonium 369
  • 9.227 Safran 369
  • 9.228 Sandbox AQ 370
  • 9.229 SaxonQ 370
  • 9.230 SBQuantum 371
  • 9.231 SCALINQ 372
  • 9.232 SDT, Inc. 372
  • 9.233 Seeqc 374
  • 9.234 Senko Advance Components Ltd 37
  • 9.235 SemiQon Technologies Oy 375
  • 9.236 SemiWise 376
  • 9.237 Silent Waves 377
  • 9.238 Silicon Extreme 377
  • 9.239 Silicon Quantum Computing 378
  • 9.240 Solid State AI 379
  • 9.241 softwareQ 379
  • 9.242 Sparrow Quantum ApS 380
  • 9.243 SpeQtral 380
  • 9.244 SpinQ Technology 381
  • 9.245 Stafford Computing 381
  • 9.246 Strangeworks, Inc. 382
  • 9.247 Supracon AG 382
  • 9.248 sureCore Ltd. 383
  • 9.249 Synergy Quantum SA 383
  • 9.250 Terra Quantum 38
  • 9.251 ThinkQuantum 385
  • 9.252 t0.technology 385
  • 9.253 Tokyo Quantum Computing 386
  • 9.254 Toshiba Digital Solutions 386
  • 9.255 TuringQ 388
  • 9.256 Universal Quantum 389
  • 9.257 Vapor Cell Technologies 390
  • 9.258 VeriQloud 391
  • 9.259 Vexlum Oy 391
  • 9.260 Viqthor 392
  • 9.261 Wave Photonics 393
  • 9.262 Welinq 393
  • 9.263 Xanadu 394
  • 9.264 XeedQ GmbH 395
  • 9.265 Xofia 396
  • 9.266 XT Quantech 396
  • 9.267 Zapata Computing 397
  • 9.268 Zero Point Cryogenics 398
  • 9.269 Zhongwei Daxin Technology 398

 

10          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY              397

 

11          TERMS AND DEFINITIONS     398

 

12          REFERENCES 401

 

List of Tables

  • Table 1. First and second quantum revolutions.     21
  • Table 2. Global government initiatives in quantum technologies.               25
  • Table 3. Quantum technologies industry developments 2020-2024.       26
  • Table 4. Challenges for quantum technologies adoption. 35
  • Table 5.  Applications for quantum computing        39
  • Table 6. Comparison of classical versus quantum computing.    40
  • Table 7. Key quantum mechanical phenomena utilized in quantum computing.             41
  • Table 8. Types of quantum computers.         41
  • Table 9. Comparative analysis of quantum computing with classical computing, quantum-inspired computing, and neuromorphic computing.              46
  • Table 10. Different computing paradigms beyond conventional CMOS. 47
  • Table 11. Applications of quantum algorithms.      49
  • Table 12. QML approaches. 50
  • Table 13. Coherence times for different qubit implementations. 54
  • Table 14. Superconducting qubit market players.  58
  • Table 15. Initialization, manipulation and readout for trapped ion quantum computers.            61
  • Table 16. Ion trap market players.     64
  • Table 17.  Initialization, manipulation, and readout methods for silicon-spin qubits.   68
  • Table 18. Silicon spin qubits market players.            68
  • Table 19. Initialization, manipulation and readout of topological qubits.              70
  • Table 20. Topological qubits market players.            71
  • Table 21. Pros and cons of photon qubits. 73
  • Table 22. Comparison of photon polarization and squeezed states.         73
  • Table 23. Initialization, manipulation and readout of photonic platform quantum computers.               74
  • Table 24. Photonic qubit market players.     75
  • Table 25. Initialization, manipulation and readout for neutral-atom quantum computers.        78
  • Table 26. Pros and cons of cold atoms quantum computers and simulators      79
  • Table 27. Neural atom qubit market players.             79
  • Table 28. Initialization, manipulation and readout of Diamond-Defect Spin-Based Computing.           81
  • Table 29.  Key materials for developing diamond-defect spin-based quantum computers.      82
  • Table 30. Diamond-defect qubits market players. 84
  • Table 31. Pros and cons of quantum annealers.    85
  • Table 32. Quantum annealers market players.        87
  • Table 33. Quantum computing software market players. 90
  • Table 34. Market challenges in quantum computing.         93
  • Table 35. Quantum computing value chain.             95
  • Table 36. Markets and applications for quantum computing.       96
  • Table 37. Market players in quantum technologies for pharmaceuticals.             99
  • Table 38. Market players in quantum computing for chemicals.  100
  • Table 39. Automotive applications of quantum computing,           101
  • Table 40. Market players in quantum computing for transportation.         103
  • Table 41. Market players in quantum computing for financial services   104
  • Table 42. Applications in quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence (AI).      106
  • Table 43. Market challenges in quantum chemistry and Artificial Intelligence (AI).         108
  • Table 44. Market players in quantum chemistry and AI.    108
  • Table 45. Main types of quantum communications.            110
  • Table 46. Applications in quantum communications.        111
  • Table 47. QRNG applications.            113
  • Table 48. Key Players Developing QRNG Products.               118
  • Table 49. Optical QRNG by company.           120
  • Table 50. Market players in post-quantum cryptography. 134
  • Table 51. Market challenges in quantum communications.           155
  • Table 52. Market players in quantum communications.   156
  • Table 53.  Comparison between classical and quantum sensors.             160
  • Table 54. Applications in quantum sensors.             161
  • Table 55. Technology approaches for enabling quantum sensing               162
  • Table 56. Value proposition for quantum sensors. 163
  • Table 57. Key challenges and limitations of quartz crystal clocks vs. atomic clocks.    165
  • Table 58.  New modalities being researched to improve the fractional uncertainty of atomic clocks. 167
  • Table 59. Companies developing high-precision quantum time measurement 169
  • Table 60. Key players in atomic clocks.        170
  • Table 61. Comparative analysis of key performance parameters and metrics of magnetic field sensors.                171
  • Table 62. Types of magnetic field sensors. 172
  • Table 63. Market opportunity for different types of quantum magnetic field sensors.   173
  • Table 64. Applications of SQUIDs.   173
  • Table 65. Market opportunities for SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices).           175
  • Table 66. Key players in SQUIDs.      176
  • Table 67. Applications of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs).     177
  • Table 68. Key players in Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs).        178
  • Table 69. Applications for TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.               180
  • Table 70. Market players in TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.            181
  • Table 71. Applications of N-V center magnetic field centers           183
  • Table 72. Key players in N-V center magnetic field sensors.           183
  • Table 73. Applications of quantum gravimeters      186
  • Table 74. Comparative table between quantum gravity sensing and some other technologies commonly used for underground mapping.       186
  • Table 75. Key players in quantum gravimeters.        188
  • Table 76. Comparison of quantum gyroscopes with MEMs gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes.         190
  • Table 77. Markets and applications for quantum gyroscopes.      193
  • Table 78. Key players in quantum gyroscopes.        193
  • Table 79. Types of quantum image sensors and their key features/.          195
  • Table 80. Applications of quantum image sensors.              196
  • Table 81. Key players in quantum image sensors. 198
  • Table 82. Comparison of quantum radar versus conventional radar and lidar technologies.   200
  • Table 83. Applications of quantum radar.   201
  • Table 84. Market and technology challenges in quantum sensing.            202
  • Table 85. Comparison between quantum batteries and other conventional battery types.       204
  • Table 86. Types of quantum batteries.           205
  • Table 87. Applications of quantum batteries.           206
  • Table 88. Market challenges in quantum batteries.              207
  • Table 89. Market players in quantum batteries.       208
  • Table 90. Materials in Quantum Technology.             209
  • Table 91. Superconductors in quantum technology.           210
  • Table 92. Photonics, silicon photonics and optics in quantum technology.         211
  • Table 93. Nanomaterials in quantum technology. 213
  • Table 94. Quantum technologies investment funding.       219
  • Table 95. Top funded quantum technology companies.    220
  • Table 96. Global market for quantum computing-Hardware, Software & Services, 2023-2035 (billions USD).  223
  • Table 97. Markets for quantum sensors, by types, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).   225
  • Table 98. Markets for QKD systems, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).  227

 

List of Figures

  • Figure 1. Quantum computing development timeline.       22
  • Figure 2.Quantum investments 2012-2023 (millions USD).            24
  • Figure 3.  National quantum initiatives and funding.           25
  • Figure 4. Quantum computing architectures.           37
  • Figure 5. An early design of an IBM 7-qubit chip based on superconducting technology.           38
  • Figure 6. Various 2D to 3D chips integration techniques into chiplets.    40
  • Figure 7. IBM Q System One quantum computer.  43
  • Figure 8. Unconventional computing approaches.               48
  • Figure 9. 53-qubit Sycamore processor.      51
  • Figure 10. Interior of IBM quantum computing system. The quantum chip is located in the small dark square at center bottom.       53
  • Figure 11. Superconducting quantum computer.  56
  • Figure 12. Superconducting quantum computer schematic.         57
  • Figure 13.  Components and materials used in a superconducting qubit.            58
  • Figure 14. SWOT analysis for superconducting quantum computers:.    60
  • Figure 15. Ion-trap quantum computer.       60
  • Figure 16. Various ways to trap ions                61
  • Figure 17.  Universal Quantum’s shuttling ion architecture in their Penning traps.          62
  • Figure 18. SWOT analysis for trapped-ion quantum computing. 65
  • Figure 19. CMOS silicon spin qubit.                66
  • Figure 20. Silicon quantum dot qubits.         67
  • Figure 21. SWOT analysis for silicon spin quantum computers.  70
  • Figure 22. SWOT analysis for topological qubits     72
  • Figure 23 . SWOT analysis for photonic quantum computers.       77
  • Figure 24. Neutral atoms (green dots) arranged in various configurations            77
  • Figure 25. SWOT analysis for neutral-atom quantum computers.              80
  • Figure 26. NV center components.  81
  • Figure 27. SWOT analysis for diamond-defect quantum computers.       83
  • Figure 28. D-Wave quantum annealer.          86
  • Figure 29. SWOT analysis for quantum annealers.               87
  • Figure 30. Quantum software development platforms.     88
  • Figure 31. SWOT analysis for quantum computing.             95
  • Figure 32. SWOT analysis for quantum chemistry and AI. 108
  • Figure 33. IDQ quantum number generators.           112
  • Figure 34. SWOT Analysis of Quantum Random Number Generator Technology.             122
  • Figure 35. SWOT Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution Technology.        131
  • Figure 36. SWOT Analysis: Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC).  136
  • Figure 37. SWOT analysis for networks.       154
  • Figure 38. Q.ANT quantum particle sensor.               164
  • Figure 39. SWOT analysis for quantum sensors market.   165
  • Figure 40. NIST's compact optical clock.    168
  • Figure 41. SWOT analysis for atomic clocks.            170
  • Figure 42.Principle of SQUID magnetometer.           175
  • Figure 43. SWOT analysis for SQUIDS.          177
  • Figure 44. SWOT analysis for OPMs 179
  • Figure 45. Tunneling magnetoresistance mechanism and TMR ratio formats.   180
  • Figure 46. SWOT analysis for TMR (Tunneling Magnetoresistance) sensors.        182
  • Figure 47. SWOT analysis for N-V Center Magnetic Field Sensors.             184
  • Figure 48. Quantum Gravimeter.       185
  • Figure 49. SWOT analysis for Quantum Gravimeters.          190
  • Figure 50. SWOT analysis for Quantum Gyroscopes.          195
  • Figure 51. SWOT analysis for Quantum image sensing.    197
  • Figure 52. Principle of quantum radar.          199
  • Figure 53. Illustration of a quantum radar prototype.          200
  • Figure 54. Schematic of the flow of energy (blue) from a source to a battery made up of multiple cells. (left)     205
  • Figure 55. SWOT analysis for quantum batteries.  207
  • Figure 56. Market map for quantum technologies industry.            216
  • Figure 57. Tech Giants quantum technologies activities. 217
  • Figure 58. Quantum Technology investment by sector, 2023.       218
  • Figure 59.  Quantum computing public and industry funding to mid-2023, millions USD.         222
  • Figure 60. Global market for quantum computing-Hardware, Software & Services, 2023-2035 (billions USD).  224
  • Figure 61. Markets for quantum sensors, by types, 2018-2035 (Millions USD). 226
  • Figure 62. Markets for QKD systems, 2018-2035 (Millions USD). 228
  • Figure 63. Archer-EPFL spin-resonance circuit.      239
  • Figure 64.  IBM Q System One quantum computer.              272
  • Figure 65. ColdQuanta Quantum Core (left), Physics Station (middle) and the atoms control chip (right).                276
  • Figure 66.  Intel Tunnel Falls 12-qubit chip.                277
  • Figure 67. IonQ's ion trap       278
  • Figure 68. 20-qubit quantum computer.      280
  • Figure 69. Maybell Big Fridge.              290
  • Figure 70. PsiQuantum’s modularized quantum computing system networks. 316
  • Figure 71. SemiQ first chip prototype.           374
  • Figure 72. Toshiba QKD Development Timeline.     385
  • Figure 73. Toshiba Quantum Key Distribution technology.               386

 

 

 

The Global Quantum Technology Market 2025-2035
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