The Graphene Investment and Pricing Report 2019

Published February 2019 | 380 pages, 138 tables, 138 figures | Table of contents

The most comprehensive guide to graphene production, commercial opportunities and current pricing. The Graphene Investment and Pricing Report 2019 examines:

Advantages and shortcomings of graphene as a technology component.
Pricing analysis for graphene, by types and producers.
Production volumes by graphene producer.
Graphene applications by industry.
Graphene market size 2018 and growth forecast 2019-2030 (tonnes, CAGR 2018-2030)
Production capacities globally 2010-2018.
Segmentation by type of graphene materials and production.
Provides a map of the current competitive landscape by market.
Investments in graphene over the past 12 months.
Market impediments for graphene by target market.
Profiles all the major players in graphene production. Companies profiled include
Companies profiled include Garmor, Xolve, Beijing Carbon Century Technology Co., Ltd., BTR New Energy Materials, Inc., Jining Leader Nano Co., Ltd., KNano, Ningbo Morsh, The Sixth Element, SuperC Technology Limited, Abalonyx AS, Apply Nanosolutions, Graphenea, Aztrong, Taiwan Carbon Nanotube, IDT International, Standard Graphene, Nanesa, Group NanoXplore Inc., Nippon Shokubai, Angstron Materials, Vorbeck Materials, XG Sciences, Inc., 2-DTech Limited, Applied Graphene Materials plc, Cambridge Nanosystems, Haydale, Metalysis, Thomas Swan, Perpetuus Advanced Materials Plc, Versarien, Deyang Carbonene Tech, KNano, Ningbo Morsh, The Sixth Element, Avanzare, Gnanomat, Directa Plus, Nanesa
First Graphite Ltd, FlexeGRAPH 2D Materials, Imagine Intelligent Materials, Talga Resources, Grafoid, BGT Materials, Grolltex, 2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd., Chongqing Graphene Technology, Wuxi Graphene Film, Graphenea, Cealtech AS and Graphene Square.
Profiles all the major application developers including current and intended products.
Global map of graphene producers.

1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................... 28

1.1 Market opportunity analysis................................................................................................................... 29

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................... 31

2.1 The market in 2018............................................................................................................................... 32
2.2 Graphene production and demand 2010-2030........................................................................................ 32
2.3 Products on the market......................................................................................................................... 35
2.4 Graphene investments and funding 2017-2018....................................................................................... 36
2.5 Market outlook...................................................................................................................................... 38
2.6 Market opportunity matrix...................................................................................................................... 41
2.7 Collaborations and licence agreements.................................................................................................. 44

3 GRAPHENE HISTORY...................................................................... 48

4 TYPES OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE GRAPHENE................ 50

4.1 Properties............................................................................................................................................. 50
4.2 3D Graphene........................................................................................................................................ 51
4.3 Graphene Quantum Dots....................................................................................................................... 51

5 PRODUCER PRODUCTION CAPACITIES BY GRAPHENE TYPE. 56

5.1 Graphene oxide.................................................................................................................................... 58
5.2 Graphene nanoplatelets........................................................................................................................ 60
5.3 CVD graphene film................................................................................................................................ 62
5.4 Planned graphene capacities 2018 onwards........................................................................................... 63

6 GRAPHENE PRICING....................................................................... 64

6.1 Pristine Graphene Flakes...................................................................................................................... 65
6.2 Few-Layer Graphene............................................................................................................................ 66
6.3 Graphene Nanoplatelets........................................................................................................................ 66
6.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide..................................................................................................................... 67
6.5 Graphene Quantum Dots....................................................................................................................... 68
6.6 Graphene Oxide Nanosheets................................................................................................................. 68
6.7 Multilayer Graphene (MLG)................................................................................................................... 69
6.8 Mass production of lower grade graphene materials................................................................................ 69
6.9 High grade graphene difficult to mass produce........................................................................................ 69
6.10 Bulk supply...................................................................................................................................... 70
6.11 Commoditisation.............................................................................................................................. 70

7 GRAPHENE IN 3D PRINTING.......................................................... 71

7.1 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 71
7.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY...................................................................................... 71

8 GRAPHENE IN ADHESIVES............................................................ 73

8.1 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 73
8.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY...................................................................................... 75

9 GRAPHENE IN AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE............................... 77

9.1 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 77
9.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY...................................................................................... 80

10 GRAPHENE IN AUTOMOTIVE......................................................... 84

10.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................... 84
10.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY.................................................................................. 87

11 GRAPHENE IN COATINGS.............................................................. 90

11.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................... 90
11.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY.................................................................................. 93

12 GRAPHENE IN COMPOSITES......................................................... 96

12.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................... 97
12.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 100

13 GRAPHENE IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS, WEARABLES, CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS............................................... 104

13.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 104
13.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 112

14 GRAPHENE IN CONDUCTIVE INKS.............................................. 119

14.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 119
14.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 124

15 GRAPHENE IN TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS... 129

15.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 129
15.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 133

16 GRAPHENE IN MEMORY DEVICES.............................................. 137

16.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 137
16.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 139

17 GRAPHENE IN PHOTONICS.......................................................... 143

17.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 143
17.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 147

18 GRAPHENE IN BATTERIES........................................................... 150

18.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 150
18.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 152

19 GRAPHENE IN SUPERCAPACITORS........................................... 156

19.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 156
19.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 160

20 GRAPHENE IN SOLAR.................................................................. 164

20.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 164
20.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 166

21 GRAPHENE IN FUEL CELLS......................................................... 169

21.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 169
21.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 170

22 GRAPHENE IN LED LIGHTING AND UVC..................................... 173

22.1.1 APPLICATIONS......................................................................................................................... 173
22.1.3 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY........................................................................... 175

23 GRAPHENE IN OIL AND GAS........................................................ 177

23.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 178
23.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 182

24 GRAPHENE IN FILTRATION.......................................................... 186

24.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 186
24.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 189

25 GRAPHENE IN LIFE SCIENCES AND BIOMEDICINE................... 194

25.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 194
25.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 208

26 GRAPHENE IN LUBRICANTS........................................................ 213

26.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 213
26.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 214

27 GRAPHENE IN RUBBER AND TIRES............................................ 217

27.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 217
27.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 218

28 GRAPHENE IN SENSORS.............................................................. 221

28.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 221
28.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 228

29 GRAPHENE IN SMART TEXTILES AND APPAREL...................... 231

29.1 APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 232
29.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 237

30 GRAPHENE IN CEMENT ADDITIVES............................................ 243

30.1 APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................................. 243
30.2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND OPPORTUNITY................................................................................ 243

31 GRAPHENE PRODUCERS............................................................. 246

32 GRAPHENE PRODUCT AND APPLICATION DEVELOPERS....... 314

33 REFERENCES................................................................................ 370

TABLES

Table 1: Demand for graphene (tons), 2010-2030................................................................................................. 32
Table 2: Main graphene producers by country and annual production capacities..................................................... 34
Table 3: Consumer products incorporating graphene............................................................................................. 35
Table 4: Graphene investments and financial agreements 2017-2018.................................................................... 36
Table 5: Market opportunity assessment matrix for graphene applications.............................................................. 41
Table 6: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets............................................... 44
Table 7: Properties of graphene........................................................................................................................... 51
Table 8: Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs............................................................................ 52
Table 9: Graphene quantum dot producers........................................................................................................... 55
Table 10: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018.................................................. 58
Table 11: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018........................................................... 59
Table 12: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018...................................................... 60
Table 13: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018............................................................... 61
Table 14: CVD graphene film capacity in tons by country/year, 2010-2018/ 000s m²................................................ 63
Table 15: Planned graphene production capacities................................................................................................ 63
Table 16: Types of graphene and prices............................................................................................................... 64
Table 17: Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.......................................................................................... 65
Table 18: Few-layer graphene pricing by producer................................................................................................ 66
Table 19: Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.......................................................................................... 67
Table 20: Reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer........................................................................................ 67
Table 21: Graphene quantum dots pricing by producer.......................................................................................... 68
Table 22: Graphene oxide nanosheets pricing by producer.................................................................................... 68
Table 23: Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer............................................................................................... 69
Table 24: Graphene properties relevant to application in 3D printing....................................................................... 71
Table 25: Market size for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................................................. 71
Table 26: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in 3D printing.................................................................... 71
Table 27: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................................... 72
Table 28: Graphene properties relevant to application in adhesives........................................................................ 74
Table 29: Applications and benefits of graphene in adhesives................................................................................ 74
Table 30: Market size for graphene in adhesives................................................................................................... 75
Table 31: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in adhesives...................................................................... 75
Table 32: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 77
Table 33: Applications and benefits of graphene in aerospace............................................................................... 79
Table 34: Market size for graphene in aircfaft and aerospace................................................................................. 80
Table 35: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in aerospace..................................................................... 81
Table 36: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 83
Table 37: Applications and benefits of graphene in the automotive industry............................................................ 86
Table 38: Market size for graphene in the automotive industry............................................................................... 87
Table 39: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the automotive industry.................................................. 87
Table 40: Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 89
Table 41: Graphene properties relevant to application in coatings.......................................................................... 91
Table 42: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the coatings market....................................................... 93
Table 43: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................... 95
Table 44: Graphene properties relevant to application in polymer composites......................................................... 97
Table 45: Applications and benefits of graphene in composites.............................................................................. 98
Table 46: Market size for graphene in composites............................................................................................... 100
Table 47: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the composites market................................................. 100
Table 48: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................ 102
Table 49: Applications and benefits of graphene in flexible electronics and conductive films................................... 105
Table 50: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors......................................................................... 111
Table 51: Market size for graphene in flexible electronics and conductive films...................................................... 112
Table 52: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays.................................................................................................................................................................. 113
Table 53: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................. 114
Table 54: Market challenges rating for graphene in the flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays market....................................................................................................................................................... 118
Table 55: Comparative properties of conductive inks........................................................................................... 119
Table 56: Printable electronics products.............................................................................................................. 120
Table 57: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in conductive inks............................................................ 126
Table 58: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types.................................................................................................................................................... 127
Table 59: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2027.................................................................... 128
Table 60: Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors................................................................... 131
Table 61: Applications and benefits of graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components................ 132
Table 62: Market size for graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components................................... 133
Table 63: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in transistors, integrated circuits and other components..... 133
Table 64: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030........................................ 135
Table 65: Market size for graphene in memory devices........................................................................................ 139
Table 66: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 141
Table 67: Graphene properties relevant to application in optical modulators.......................................................... 144
Table 68: Applications and benefits of graphene in photonics............................................................................... 146
Table 69: Market size for graphene in photonics.................................................................................................. 147
Table 70: Demand for graphene in photonics (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 148
Table 71: Market size for graphene in batteries................................................................................................... 153
Table 72: Potential addressable market for thin film, flexible and printed batteries................................................. 154
Table 73: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in batteries...................................................................... 155
Table 74: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 155
Table 75: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries....................................... 157
Table 76: Applications and benefits of graphene in supercapacitors...................................................................... 158
Table 77: Market size for graphene in supercapacitors......................................................................................... 160
Table 78: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in supercapacitors........................................................... 161
Table 79: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030.................................................................. 162
Table 80: Market size for graphene in photovoltaics............................................................................................. 166
Table 81: Market size for graphene in photovoltaics............................................................................................. 167
Table 82: Potential addressable market for photovoltaics..................................................................................... 167
Table 83: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030...................................................................... 168
Table 84: Applications and benefits of graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage............................................... 170
Table 85: Market size for graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage.................................................................. 171
Table 86: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in fuel cells and hydrogen storage.................................... 172
Table 87: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 172
Table 88: Applications of graphene in lighting...................................................................................................... 173
Table 89: Market size for graphene in LED lighting and UVC................................................................................ 175
Table 90: Investment opportunity assessment for graphene in the lighting market................................................. 176
Table 91: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................... 177
Table 92: Applications of graphene in the oil and gas market............................................................................... 178
Table 93: Application markets, competing materials, graphene advantages and current market size in oil and gas.. 182
Table 94: Market summary and revenues for graphene in the oil and gas market.................................................. 183
Table 95: Potential addressable market for graphene in the oil and gas market..................................................... 184
Table 96: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030......................................................................... 185
Table 97: Applications and benefits of graphene in filtration and separation........................................................... 187
Table 98: Market size for graphene in filtration.................................................................................................... 190
Table 99: Potential addressable market for graphene in the filtration market.......................................................... 191
Table 100: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the filtration and separation market.............................. 191
Table 101: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 192
Table 102: Graphene properties relevant to application in biomedicine and healthcare.......................................... 194
Table 103: Applications and benefits of graphene in life sciences and medical...................................................... 194
Table 104: Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof. 202
Table 105: Market size for graphene in biomedical and healthcare....................................................................... 208
Table 106: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets................................. 210
Table 107: Potential addressable market for graphene in biomedical & healthcare markets.................................... 211
Table 108: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030.................................................. 212
Table 109: Applications of graphene in the lubricants market............................................................................... 214
Table 110: Applications of carbon nanomaterials in lubricants.............................................................................. 214
Table 111: Market size for graphene in lubricants................................................................................................ 214
Table 112: Potential addressable market for graphene in the lubricants market..................................................... 215
Table 113: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in lubricants................................................................... 215
Table 114: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030......................................................................... 216
Table 115: Applications of graphene in rubber and tires....................................................................................... 217
Table 116: Market summary and revenues for graphene in the rubber and tires market......................................... 218
Table 117: Potential addressable market for graphene in the rubber and tires market............................................ 219
Table 118: Investment opportunity assessment for graphene in the rubber and tires market................................... 219
Table 119: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 220
Table 120: Applications and benefits of graphene in sensors................................................................................ 222
Table 121: Graphene properties relevant to application in sensors........................................................................ 223
Table 122: Comparison of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and graphene biosensor........................ 227
Table 123: Market size for graphene in sensors................................................................................................... 228
Table 124: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in the sensors market..................................................... 229
Table 125: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 230
Table 126: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications................................................................................................................................................ 232
Table 127: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials................. 234
Table 128: Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel.............................................................. 235
Table 129: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market............................................................... 238
Table 130: Potential addressable market for graphene in the smart textiles market................................................ 241
Table 131: Market opportunity assessment for graphene in smart textiles and apparel........................................... 241
Table 132: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................. 242
Table 133: Potential addressable market for graphene in the cement market........................................................ 244
Table 134: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 244
Table 135: Graphene producers and types produced........................................................................................... 246
Table 136: Graphene producers target market matrix.......................................................................................... 249
Table 137: Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets......................................... 314
Table 138: Graphene product developers and end users target market matrix....................................................... 318

FIGURES

Figure 1: Demand for graphene, 2010-2030.......................................................................................................... 33
Figure 2: Vittoria bike tires incorporating graphene................................................................................................ 35
Figure 3: Demand for graphene, by market, 2018. Figures based on market graphene producers sell to, including samples....................................................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 4: Graphene layer structure schematic....................................................................................................... 49
Figure 5: Graphite and graphene.......................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 6: Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene. ............................................................ 50
Figure 7: Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).................................................................................... 53
Figure 8: Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots............................................................................................. 54
Figure 9: Graphene quantum dots........................................................................................................................ 55
Figure 10: Fabrication methods of graphene......................................................................................................... 57
Figure 11: Graphene oxide production capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018.......................................................... 60
Figure 12: Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by region, 2010-2018.............................................................. 62
Figure 13: CVD Graphene on Cu Foil................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 14: Demand for graphene in 3-D printing (tons), 2018-2030......................................................................... 73
Figure 15: Graphene Adhesives........................................................................................................................... 74
Figure 16: Potential addressable market for graphene in adhesives........................................................................ 76
Figure 17: Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 77
Figure 18: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container......................................................................................... 78
Figure 19: Graphene aircraft................................................................................................................................ 79
Figure 20: Potential addressable market for graphene in aerospace....................................................................... 82
Figure 21: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in aerospace........................................ 83
Figure 22: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................................... 84
Figure 23: Graphene-based automotive components............................................................................................. 85
Figure 24: Antistatic graphene tire........................................................................................................................ 86
Figure 25: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector....................................................... 88
Figure 26: Potential addressable market for graphene in the automotive sector....................................................... 89
Figure 27: Demand for graphene in automotive(tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 90
Figure 28: Water permeation through a brick without (left) and with (right) “graphene paint” coating......................... 92
Figure 29: Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate...................................................................... 93
Figure 30: Potential addressable market for graphene in the coatings market......................................................... 94
Figure 31: Potential addressable market for graphene in the coatings market......................................................... 95
Figure 32: Demand for graphene in coatings (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................. 96
Figure 33: Potential addressable market for graphene in composites.................................................................... 101
Figure 34: Potential addressable market for graphene in the composites market................................................... 102
Figure 35: Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2030....................................................................... 103
Figure 36: Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application....................................................................... 104
Figure 37: Flexible graphene touch screen.......................................................................................................... 105
Figure 38: Galapad Settler smartphone............................................................................................................... 105
Figure 39: Flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) using graphene electrode.................................................. 106
Figure 40: Graphene electrochromic devices. Top left: Exploded-view illustration of the graphene electrochromic device. The device is formed by attaching two graphene-coated PVC substrates face-to-face and filling the gap with a liquid ionic electrolyte.......................................................................................................................................... 107
Figure 41: Flexible mobile phones with graphene transparent conductive film........................................................ 108
Figure 42: Foldable graphene E-paper................................................................................................................ 108
Figure 43: C2Sense flexible sensor.................................................................................................................... 110
Figure 44: Wearable gas sensor......................................................................................................................... 112
Figure 45: BeBop Sensors Marcel Modular Data Gloves...................................................................................... 112
Figure 46: Potential addressable market for graphene in the flexible electronics, wearables, conductive films and displays market.......................................................................................................................................... 114
Figure 47: Demand for graphene in flexible electronics (tons), 2018-2030............................................................. 115
Figure 48: Global transparent conductive electrodes market forecast by materials type, 2012-2027, millions $........ 116
Figure 49: Schematic of the wet roll-to-roll graphene transfer from copper foils to polymeric substrates.................. 117
Figure 50: The transmittance of glass/ITO, glass/ITO/four organic layers, and glass/ITO/four organic layers/4-layer graphene................................................................................................................................................... 118
Figure 51: BGT Materials graphene ink product................................................................................................... 120
Figure 52: Printed graphene conductive ink......................................................................................................... 121
Figure 53: Flexible RFID tag............................................................................................................................... 122
Figure 54: Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink....................................................................................... 123
Figure 55: Graphene printed antenna................................................................................................................. 124
Figure 56: Printed antennas for aircraft............................................................................................................... 124
Figure 57: Vorbeck Materials conductive ink products.......................................................................................... 125
Figure 58: Potential addressable market for graphene in the conductive ink market............................................... 126
Figure 59: Conductive inks in the flexible and stretchable electronics market 2017-2027 revenue forecast (million $), by ink types.................................................................................................................................................... 127
Figure 60: Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2030................................................................... 129
Figure 61: Graphene IC in wafer tester............................................................................................................... 130
Figure 62: A monolayer WS2-based flexible transistor array................................................................................. 130
Figure 63: Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).............................................................................................................................................. 131
Figure 64: Potential addressable market for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits.................................... 134
Figure 65: Potential addressable market for graphene in the transistors and integrated circuits market................... 135
Figure 66: Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2030....................................... 136
Figure 67: Graphene oxide-based RRAm device on a flexible substrate................................................................ 137
Figure 68: Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random access memory (RRAM)........................................................................................................................................ 138
Figure 69: A schematic diagram for the mechanism of the resistive switching in metal/GO/Pt................................. 138
Figure 70: Carbon nanotubes NRAM chip........................................................................................................... 139
Figure 71: Stretchable SWCNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics............................................... 139
Figure 72: Potential addressable market for graphene in the memory devices market............................................ 141
Figure 73: Demand for graphene in memory devices (tons), 2018-2030................................................................ 142
Figure 74: Hybrid graphene phototransistors....................................................................................................... 145
Figure 75: Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors.......................................................... 145
Figure 76: Flexible PEN coated with graphene and a QD thin film (20nm) is highly visibly transparent and photosensitive............................................................................................................................................ 146
Figure 77: Potential addressable market for graphene in photonics....................................................................... 148
Figure 78: Demand for graphene in photonics (tons), 2018-2030.......................................................................... 149
Figure 79: LG Chem Heaxagonal battery............................................................................................................ 152
Figure 80: H600 concept car.............................................................................................................................. 153
Figure 81: Anion concept car.............................................................................................................................. 153
Figure 82: Potential addressable market for graphene in the thin film, flexible and printed batteries market............. 155
Figure 83: Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 156
Figure 84: Skeleton Technologies ultracapacitor.................................................................................................. 157
Figure 85: The SkelStart Engine Start Module 2.0 based on the graphene-based SkelCap ultracapacitors.............. 158
Figure 86: Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger.................................................................................................. 159
Figure 87: Stretchable graphene supercapacitor.................................................................................................. 160
Figure 88: Potential addressable market for graphene in supercapacitors............................................................. 161
Figure 89: Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2030................................................................. 163
Figure 90: Solar cell with nanowires and graphene electrode................................................................................ 164
Figure 91: Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper................................................................................................ 165
Figure 92: Potential addressable market for graphene in photovoltaics................................................................. 168
Figure 93: Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2030..................................................................... 169
Figure 94: Potential addressable market for graphene in fuel cells........................................................................ 171
Figure 95: Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 173
Figure 96: LG OLED flexible lighting panel.......................................................................................................... 174
Figure 97: Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight......................................................................... 175
Figure 98: Potential addressable market for graphene in lighting.......................................................................... 176
Figure 99: Demand for graphene in lighting (tons), 2018-2030.............................................................................. 177
Figure 100: Schematic of boron doped graphene for application in gas sensors.................................................... 179
Figure 101: Directa Plus Grafysorber.................................................................................................................. 181
Figure 102: Nanometer-scale pores in single-layer freestanding graphene membrane can effectively filter NaCl salt from water......................................................................................................................................................... 182
Figure 103: Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2030...................................................................... 186
Figure 104: Degradation of organic dye molecules by graphene hybrid composite photocatalysts........................... 189
Figure 105: Graphene anti-smog mask............................................................................................................... 189
Figure 106: Potential addressable market for graphene in the filtration market....................................................... 190
Figure 107: Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 193
Figure 108: Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel............................ 198
Figure 109: Graphene-Oxide based chip prototypes for biopsy-free early cancer diagnosis.................................... 199
Figure 110: Connected human body................................................................................................................... 200
Figure 111: Flexible, lightweight temperature sensor............................................................................................ 201
Figure 112: Graphene-based E-skin patch.......................................................................................................... 202
Figure 113: Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs............. 204
Figure 114: Graphene medical patch.................................................................................................................. 204
Figure 115: TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer....................................................................................... 205
Figure 116: Mimo baby monitor.......................................................................................................................... 205
Figure 117: Nanowire skin hydration patch.......................................................................................................... 206
Figure 118: Wearable sweat sensor.................................................................................................................... 206
Figure 119: GraphWear wearable sweat sensor.................................................................................................. 207
Figure 120: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $................... 209
Figure 121: Global medical and healthcare smart textiles and wearables market, 2015-2027, billions $................... 210
Figure 122: Potential addressable market for graphene-enabled applications in the biomedical and healthcare market.................................................................................................................................................................. 212
Figure 123: Demand for graphene in life sciences and medical (tons), 2018-2030................................................. 213
Figure 124: Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................ 217
Figure 125: Demand for graphene in rubber and tires (tons), 2018-2030............................................................... 221
Figure 126: GFET sensors................................................................................................................................. 225
Figure 127: First generation point of care diagnostics.......................................................................................... 226
Figure 128: Graphene Field Effect Transistor Schematic...................................................................................... 227
Figure 129: Potential addressable market for graphene in the sensors market....................................................... 230
Figure 130: Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 231
Figure 131: Colmar graphene ski jacket.............................................................................................................. 237
Figure 132: Conductive yarns............................................................................................................................. 237
Figure 133: Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel market 2013-2030 revenue forecast (million $).... 238
Figure 134 Global smart clothing, interactive fabrics and apparel sales by market segment, 2016.......................... 239
Figure 135: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart clothing and apparel 2014-2021, in US$, conservative estimate..................................................................................................................................................... 240
Figure 136: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart clothing and apparel 2014-2021, in US$, optimistic estimate..................................................................................................................................................... 240
Figure 137: Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2030............................................................................ 242
Figure 138: Demand for graphene in cement (tons), 2018-2030........................................................................... 245

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