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Nanocellulose Market, Production and Pricing Report 2019

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Published August 2019, 222 pages, 55 tables, 116 figure

Cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals and bacterial cellulose

Nanocellulose (NC) is a novel biomaterial with multiple industrial uses for replacing fossil derived raw materials. It is renewable, eco-friendly, has excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and tailorable surface chemistry. The addition of NC into polymers can enhance mechanical strength and reduce weight compared to fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP).

The market mainly consists of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) production at present as alternatives to resins, synthetic thickeners, strengtheners, and plastics. Cellulose nanofiber products have already hit the market, mainly in Japan, and are viewed as important advanced biomaterials solutions in the packaging and composites markets.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) possess many desirable properties such as high surface area, hydroxyl groups for functionalization, colloidal stability, low toxicity, chirality and mechanical strength. Recent increases in production capacities are bringing CNCs to market in oil and gas fluids, adhesives, paper products, textiles, cement, plastics and composites, paints and coatings, personal care, healthcare, food and beverages and electronics.

Current production capacity for nanocellulose exceeds the market demand at present, but this is likely to change as prices drop in the next few years, and there is less distance to fall than with other nanomaterials as cellulose nanofibers are broadly cost competitive. Producers have already begun to produce additives that are competitive with conventional polymer composites (e.g. carbon fibers).

Nanocellulose Market, Production and Pricing Report 2019 report includes:

  • Pricing landscape for nanocellulose (Cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals and bacterial cellulose), by types and producers.
  • Production volumes by nanocellulose producer (current and planned).
  • Over 90 company profiles including production processes, products and pricing, target markets and collaborations.
  • Profiles of all the major players in nanocellulose production. Companies profiled include Asahi Kasei, Borregaard, CelluComp Ltd., Celluforce, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Daicel, Daio Paper Corporation, SAPPI, DKS Co. Ltd. and Imerys Minerals Ltd.
  • Profiles of all the major application developers including current and intended products.

 

Download table of contents

1    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................... 17

  • 1.1     Market snapshot................................................................................................................................... 17
  • 1.2     Markets and applications....................................................................................................................... 19
  • 1.3     Nanocellulose production capacities, in tons........................................................................................... 21
    • 1.3.1       Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2019.................................................................. 22
    • 1.3.2       Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2019............................................................ 23
    • 1.3.3       Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2019.............................................................. 24
  • 1.4     Global nanocellulose market size........................................................................................................... 24
    • 1.4.1       Current nanocellulose commercial products................................................................................... 24
    • 1.4.2       Global demand for nanocellulose by market, tons.......................................................................... 27
    • 1.4.3       Global nanocellulose market, 2018–2030, tons.............................................................................. 29

 

2    RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY................................... 31

  • 2.1     Report scope........................................................................................................................................ 31
  • 2.2     Research methodology.......................................................................................................................... 31

 

3    INTRODUCTION............................................................................... 33

  • 3.1     Cellulose.............................................................................................................................................. 33
  • 3.2     Nanocellulose....................................................................................................................................... 33
  • 3.3     Properties of nanocellulose.................................................................................................................... 34
  • 3.4     Advantages of nanocellulose................................................................................................................. 35
  • 3.5     Manufacture of nanocellulose................................................................................................................ 35
  • 3.6     Production methods.............................................................................................................................. 36
  • 3.7     Types of nanocellulose.......................................................................................................................... 37
    • 3.7.1       Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)..................................................................................................... 39
    • 3.7.2       Cellulose nanofibers (CNF).......................................................................................................... 40
      • 3.7.2.1    Applications............................................................................................................................ 40
      • 3.7.2.2    Production methods of CNF producers..................................................................................... 41
  • 3.7.3       Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)....................................................................................................... 43
    • 3.7.3.1    Properties............................................................................................................................... 44
    • 3.7.3.2    Applications............................................................................................................................ 45
  • 3.7.4       Bacterial Cellulose (BC)............................................................................................................... 46
    • 3.7.4.1    Applications............................................................................................................................ 47

 

4    MARKET STRUCTURE FOR NANOCELLULOSE........................... 48

  • 4.1     Volume of industry demand for nanocellulose......................................................................................... 48
  • 4.2     Current end users for nanocellulose, by market and company.................................................................. 49

 

5    NANOCELLULOSE PRICING........................................................... 51

 

6    THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOCELLULOSE.......................... 53

  • 6.1     NANOCELLULOSE IN COMPOSITES................................................................................................... 53
    • 6.1.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 53
    • 6.1.2       Global market for nanocellulose in composites.............................................................................. 54
  • 6.2     NANOCELLULOSE IN AIRCRAFT AND AEROSPACE........................................................................... 56
    • 6.2.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 56
      • 6.2.1.1    Composites............................................................................................................................ 56
    • 6.2.2       Global market for nanocellulose in the aircraft and aerospace market............................................. 56
  • 6.3     NANOCELLULOSE IN AUTOMOTIVE................................................................................................... 57
    • 6.3.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 57
      • 6.3.1.1    Composites............................................................................................................................ 58
    • 6.3.2       Global market for nanocellulose in the automotive industry............................................................. 59
  • 6.4     NANOCELLULOSE IN CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS.................................................................... 60
    • 6.4.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 60
    • 6.4.2       Global market for nanocellulose in construction............................................................................. 61
  • 6.5     NANOCELLULOSE IN PAPER AND BOARD/PACKAGING..................................................................... 63
    • 6.5.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 63
      • 6.5.1.1    Reinforcing agents.................................................................................................................. 64
      • 6.5.1.2    Transparency and flexibility...................................................................................................... 64
      • 6.5.1.3    Paper packaging..................................................................................................................... 64
      • 6.5.1.4    Paper coatings........................................................................................................................ 64
        • 6.5.1.4.1      Improved surface properties and print quality................................................................... 64
      • 6.5.1.5    Anti-microbials........................................................................................................................ 64
      • 6.5.1.6    Packaging.............................................................................................................................. 65
      • 6.5.1.7    Anti-bacterial.......................................................................................................................... 65
      • 6.5.1.8    Gas barrier............................................................................................................................. 65
    • 6.5.2       Global market for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging.......................................................... 67
  • 6.6     NANOCELLULOSE IN TEXTILES AND APPAREL.................................................................................. 69
    • 6.6.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 69
      • 6.6.1.1    Sanitary products.................................................................................................................... 69
      • 6.6.1.2    Hygiene and absorbent products.............................................................................................. 69
    • 6.6.2       Global market for nanocellulose in textiles..................................................................................... 71
  • 6.7     NANOCELLULOSE IN BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE.................................................................... 72
    • 6.7.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 72
      • 6.7.1.1    Drug delivery.......................................................................................................................... 72
      • 6.7.1.2    Medical implants..................................................................................................................... 73
      • 6.7.1.3    Tissue engineering.................................................................................................................. 73
      • 6.7.1.4    Wound dressings.................................................................................................................... 74
      • 6.7.1.5    Lateral flow immunoassay labels.............................................................................................. 74
    • 6.7.2       Global market for nanocellulose in medical & healthcare................................................................ 74
  • 6.8     NANOCELLULOSE IN PAINTS AND COATINGS................................................................................... 76
    • 6.8.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 76
      • 6.8.1.1    Abrasion and scratch resistance.............................................................................................. 76
      • 6.8.1.2    Wood coatings........................................................................................................................ 77
      • 6.8.1.3    Anti-counterfeiting films........................................................................................................... 77
      • 6.8.1.4    Gas barriers............................................................................................................................ 77
    • 6.8.2       Global market for nanocellulose in paints and coatings................................................................... 77
  • 6.9     NANOCELLULOSE IN AEROGELS....................................................................................................... 80
    • 6.9.1       Applications................................................................................................................................. 80
      • 6.9.1.1    Thermal insulation................................................................................................................... 80
      • 6.9.1.2    Shape memory....................................................................................................................... 80
    • 6.9.2       Global market for nanocellulose in aerogels................................................................................... 81
  • 6.10        NANOCELLULOSE IN OIL AND GAS............................................................................................... 82
    • 6.10.1     Applications................................................................................................................................. 82
      • 6.10.1.1       Oil and fracking drilling fluids............................................................................................... 83
      • 6.10.1.2       Water-based drilling fluids................................................................................................... 84
      • 6.10.1.3       Extraction.......................................................................................................................... 84
    • 6.10.2     Global nanocellulose market in oil and gas.................................................................................... 85
  • 6.11        NANOCELLULOSE IN FILTRATION................................................................................................. 86
    • 6.11.1     Applications................................................................................................................................. 86
      • 6.11.1.1       CNF membranes and filters................................................................................................ 87
      • 6.11.1.2       Water filtration.................................................................................................................... 88
      • 6.11.1.3       Air filtration........................................................................................................................ 88
      • 6.11.1.4       Virus filtration..................................................................................................................... 89
    • 6.11.2     Global market for nanocellulose in filtration and separation............................................................. 90
  • 6.12        NANOCELLULOSE IN RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS.............................................................................. 91
    • 6.12.1     Applications................................................................................................................................. 91
      • 6.12.1.1       Food.................................................................................................................................. 92
      • 6.12.1.2       Pharmaceuticals................................................................................................................. 92
      • 6.12.1.3       Cosmetics.......................................................................................................................... 92
    • 6.12.2     Global market for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.................................................................... 93
  • 6.13        NANOCELLULOSE IN PRINTED, STRETCHABLE AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS........................... 94
    • 6.13.1     Applications................................................................................................................................. 94
      • 6.13.1.1       Wearable electronics.......................................................................................................... 95
      • 6.13.1.2       Nanopaper......................................................................................................................... 97
      • 6.13.1.3       Paper memory................................................................................................................... 98
      • 6.13.1.4       Conductive inks.................................................................................................................. 98
  • 6.14        NANOCELLULOSE IN 3D PRINTING................................................................................................ 99
    • 6.14.1     Applications................................................................................................................................. 99
    • 6.14.2     Global market size and opportunity............................................................................................... 99

 

7    CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES....................... 100

 

8    CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCERS.................... 198

 

9    BACTERIAL CELLULOSE (BC) PRODUCERS............................. 215

 

10 REFERENCES................................................................................ 219

 

Tables

  • Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications....................................... 17
  • Table 2: Markets and applications for nanocellulose.............................................................................................. 19
  • Table 3: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................. 22
  • Table 4: CNF producer capacities........................................................................................................................ 22
  • Table 5: MFC producer capacities 2019................................................................................................................ 23
  • Table 6: Cellulose nanocrystal producer capacities 2019....................................................................................... 24
  • Table 7: Global demand for nanocellulose 2018, tons............................................................................................ 27
  • Table 8: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons)............................................ 29
  • Table 9: Properties and applications of nanocellulose............................................................................................ 34
  • Table 10: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials........................................... 36
  • Table 11: Types of nanocellulose......................................................................................................................... 38
  • Table 12: Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF)............................................................................................. 40
  • Table 13: Production methods of main CNF producers.......................................................................................... 41
  • Table 14: CNC sources and scale........................................................................................................................ 44
  • Table 15: CNC properties.................................................................................................................................... 44
  • Table 16: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)...................................................................................... 46
  • Table 17: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC).................................................................................................. 47
  • Table 18: Current and potential end users for nanocellulose, by market and company............................................. 49
  • Table 19: Product/price/application matrix of nanocellulose producers.................................................................... 51
  • Table 20: Applications of nanocellulose in polymer composites by cellulose type..................................................... 54
  • Table 21: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................... 54
  • Table 22: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons).................................. 56
  • Table 23: Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2030 (tons)................................. 59
  • Table 24: Comparison of nanocellulose with steel and other materials.................................................................... 60
  • Table 25: Market demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................................ 61
  • Table 26: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paper and board markets........................................................ 63
  • Table 27: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers.............................................................................................................. 66
  • Table 28: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in packaging. 66
  • Table 29: Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)...................................... 67
  • Table 30: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 69
  • Table 31: Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2030 (tons).......................................................................... 71
  • Table 32: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in the medicine and healthcare markets..................................... 72
  • Table 33: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)........................................ 74
  • Table 34: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paints and coatings markets.................................................... 76
  • Table 35: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)................................................ 78
  • Table 36: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the aerogels market..................................................................... 80
  • Table 37: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................................. 81
  • Table 38: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the oil market............................................................................... 82
  • Table 39: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons).......................................... 85
  • Table 40: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the filtration market....................................................................... 86
  • Table 41: Types of filtration.................................................................................................................................. 87
  • Table 42: CNF membranes.................................................................................................................................. 88
  • Table 43: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................. 90
  • Table 44: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the rheology modifiers market....................................................... 91
  • Table 45: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 93
  • Table 46: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in flexible electronics................................................................ 94
  • Table 47: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)...................................................... 94
  • Table 48: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films........................................................................ 97
  • Table 49: Applications of Nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................................................... 99
  • Table 50: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing.............................................................. 99
  • Table 51: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced.............................................................. 100
  • Table 52: Target market, by nanocellulose producer............................................................................................ 102
  • Table 53: Oji Holdings CNF products.................................................................................................................. 162
  • Table 54: CNC producers and production capacities............................................................................................ 198
  • Table 55: Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer................................................................................. 199

 

Figures

  • Figure 1: Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2018............................................ 22
  • Figure 2: Nanocellulose-based commercial products............................................................................................. 24
  • Figure 3: Demand for nanocellulose 2018, tons..................................................................................................... 28
  • Figure 4: Nanocellulose market value, by end user market demand, 2018–2030 (Tons).......................................... 30
  • Figure 5: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit............................................................................................................... 33
  • Figure 6: Scale of cellulose materials.................................................................................................................... 34
  • Figure 7: Types of nanocellulose.......................................................................................................................... 38
  • Figure 8: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses............................................................................ 38
  • Figure 9: CNF gel................................................................................................................................................ 40
  • Figure 10: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.................................................................................................... 43
  • Figure 11: An iridescent biomimetic cellulose multilayer film remains after water that contains cellulose nanocrystals evaporates................................................................................................................................................... 43
  • Figure 12: Extracting CNC from trees................................................................................................................... 44
  • Figure 13: CNC slurry.......................................................................................................................................... 45
  • Figure 14: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocellulose producer................................................ 48
  • Figure 15: Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2030 (tons).............................................. 55
  • Figure 16: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviation market, 2018-2030 (tons)................................ 57
  • Figure 17: CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project............................................................................................................................................... 58
  • Figure 18: The structure of the CNF-based front hood........................................................................................... 58
  • Figure 19: CNF composite................................................................................................................................... 59
  • Figure 20: Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2030 (tons).......................................... 60
  • Figure 21: Nanowood with hierarchically aligned cellulose nanofibrils for insulation................................................. 61
  • Figure 22: Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2030 (tons).................................................................. 62
  • Figure 23: Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2030 (tons)............................... 68
  • Figure 24: CNF deodorant products...................................................................................................................... 69
  • Figure 25: Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 70
  • Figure 26: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2030 (tons).................................................................... 71
  • Figure 27: Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2030 (tons)....................................... 75
  • Figure 28: Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................... 79
  • Figure 29: Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................................. 82
  • Figure 30: Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery................................ 83
  • Figure 31: Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2030 (tons)......................................... 86
  • Figure 32: Nanocellulose virus filter paper............................................................................................................ 89
  • Figure 33: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2030 (tons)............................................. 91
  • Figure 34: Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2030 (tons).............................. 93
  • Figure 35: Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials...................................................................... 94
  • Figure 36:  Cellulose nanofiber films..................................................................................................................... 96
  • Figure 37: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper................................................................................................. 96
  • Figure 38: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF................................................................ 97
  • Figure 39: Foldable nanopaper............................................................................................................................ 97
  • Figure 40: Foldable nanopaper antenna............................................................................................................... 98
  • Figure 41: Paper memory (ReRAM)..................................................................................................................... 98
  • Figure 42. American Process, Inc. CNF production process................................................................................. 106
  • Figure 43: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.................................................................................................. 109
  • Figure 44: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet............................................................................................................. 110
  • Figure 45: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric............................................................. 110
  • Figure 46: CNF nonwoven fabric........................................................................................................................ 111
  • Figure 47. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process.................................................................................... 114
  • Figure 48. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.................................................................................. 121
  • Figure 49. Daicel Corporation CNF production process........................................................................................ 123
  • Figure 50: Trunk lid incorporating CNF................................................................................................................ 124
  • Figure 51. Daio Paper CNF production process................................................................................................... 126
  • Figure 52. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.......................................................................................................... 126
  • Figure 53. Kirekira! toilet wipes........................................................................................................................... 127
  • Figure 54. DIC Products CNF production process................................................................................................ 128
  • Figure 55. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process................................................................................................ 130
  • Figure 56: Rheocrysta spray.............................................................................................................................. 130
  • Figure 57: CNF based on citrus peel................................................................................................................... 132
  • Figure 58. Imerys CNF production process......................................................................................................... 133
  • Figure 59: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)............................................................... 135
  • Figure 60: CNF products from Furukawa Electric................................................................................................. 136
  • Figure 61: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.................................................................................................................................................................. 137
  • Figure 62: CNF gel............................................................................................................................................ 139
  • Figure 63: Block nanocellulose material.............................................................................................................. 139
  • Figure 64: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu................................................................................................ 140
  • Figure 65. Innventia CNF production process...................................................................................................... 141
  • Figure 66: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant................................................................................. 142
  • Figure 67: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins................................................................................ 144
  • Figure 68: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side)..................... 145
  • Figure 69. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process............................................................................... 147
  • Figure 70: CNF slurries...................................................................................................................................... 151
  • Figure 71: Nanocell serum product..................................................................................................................... 152
  • Figure 72: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp............................................................................................... 153
  • Figure 73: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic........................................................................................... 153
  • Figure 74. Nippon Paper CNF production process............................................................................................... 155
  • Figure 75: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers................................................................................................ 156
  • Figure 76: CNF wet powder............................................................................................................................... 158
  • Figure 77: CNF transparent film.......................................................................................................................... 159
  • Figure 78: Transparent CNF sheets.................................................................................................................... 159
  • Figure 79. Oji Paper CNF production process...................................................................................................... 160
  • Figure 80: CNF clear sheets............................................................................................................................... 161
  • Figure 81: Fluorene cellulose ® powder.............................................................................................................. 163
  • Figure 82. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process............................................................................. 164
  • Figure 83: XCNF............................................................................................................................................... 166
  • Figure 84: CNF insulation flat plates................................................................................................................... 168
  • Figure 85. Seiko PMC CNF production process................................................................................................... 170
  • Figure 86: Rubber soles incorporating CNF......................................................................................................... 172
  • Figure 87. Stora Enso CNF production process................................................................................................... 173
  • Figure 88. Sugino Machine CNF production process............................................................................................ 175
  • Figure 89: High Pressure Water Jet Process....................................................................................................... 175
  • Figure 90: 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.................................................................................................................... 176
  • Figure 91. BiNFi-s Dry Powder........................................................................................................................... 176
  • Figure 92. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet...................................................................... 177
  • Figure 93: Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material................................................................................. 177
  • Figure 94: SVILOSA AD CNC products............................................................................................................... 179
  • Figure 95: Silver / CNF composite dispersions.................................................................................................... 182
  • Figure 96: CNF/nanosilver powder..................................................................................................................... 183
  • Figure 97: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF................................................................................ 184
  • Figure 98: CNF resin products............................................................................................................................ 185
  • Figure 99. University of Maine CNF production process....................................................................................... 186
  • Figure 100. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.......................................................................................... 188
  • Figure 101. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process........................................................ 189
  • Figure 102: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.................................................................................... 190
  • Figure 103. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches............................................................................................ 191
  • Figure 104. VTT CNF production process........................................................................................................... 192
  • Figure 105: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test................................ 193
  • Figure 106: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film........................................... 194
  • Figure 107. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process............................................................................. 196
  • Figure 108: R3TM process technology................................................................................................................ 200
  • Figure 109: Blue Goose CNC Production Process............................................................................................... 201
  • Figure 110: NCCTM Process............................................................................................................................. 202
  • Figure 111: Celluforce production process.......................................................................................................... 203
  • Figure 112: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:......................................................................... 204
  • Figure 113: Plantrose process............................................................................................................................ 210
  • Figure 114. CNC solution................................................................................................................................... 213
  • Figure 115: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet.................................................................................................. 217
  • Figure 116: Fibnano.......................................................................................................................................... 218

 

Nanocellulose Market, Production and Pricing Report 2019
Nanocellulose Market, Production and Pricing Report 2019
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